Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

림프절에 발생한 모반세포 봉입체 - 2예 보고 -

송지선,노태웅,김윤미,조상호,이광길 대한병리학회 2001 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.35 No.3

화학공장 설계 및 경제성 평가를 위한 컴퓨터이용 모형 개발에 관한 연구(Ⅰ)

윤석호,홍성선 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1982 論文集 Vol.5 No.2

This study is to define and develop the Logic-Scopes and Models required for computation of preliminary chemical plant design and economic-evalution. The five main steps to develop the tasks are as follows: 1. Construct the conventional chemical flow charts in terms of block diagrams for simulation programs and explain the terms and functions of the simulation programs. 2. Calculate the material and energy balance equations for all of the process units and design entire processes to produce a desired end-product from specified feeds and raw materials, 3. Determine the sizes and costs of the units after all convergence blocks and control block-cycles have converged. Specified major equipment cost is estimated by the formulas of a given size dependent parameter. Total investment cost is estimated by the summation of the physical plant cost that is derived and calculated from the basic major equipment costs. 4. Production cost is estimated by the summation of the sub-totals which is derived and calculated from the: (1) process material costs, (2) manning and labor costs, (3) and investment costs. 5. Economic evaluation and feasibility analysis of the projects are defined step by step and details on coding systems are applied additionally.

말기 신부전 환자에서 투여 경로에 따른 유전자 재조합 인 Erythropoietin(Epokine^(�))의 효과와 안정성에 대한 연구 : 제 4상 연구 A Phase 4 Single Center Study

송현용,윤향숙,강신욱,최규헌,하성규,이호영,한대석 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.2

목 적 : 국내 독자적 기술로 첫 개발된 유전자 재조합 인 에리트로포에틴(Epokineⓡ)의 투여방법에 따른 유효성과 안정성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : Epokineⓡ을 주당 100-150 U/kg, 주 2회, 12주간 피하 주사하여 목표 또는 안정된 혈색소치 유지 후 무작위로 피하 및 정맥 주사군으로 나누어 12주간 혈액투석 및 복막투석 환자13명, 28명에서 유효성, 안정성을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 양군에서 혈색소치와 헤마토크릿은 Epokineⓡ 투여 2주 후부터 증가, 혈색소치가 혈액투석 환자는 투여 전 7.3 g/dL, 투여 12주 9.5 g/dL, 24주 10.6 g/dL로, 복막투석 환자는 6.8g/dL에서 12주 10.2 g/dL, 24주 10.8 g/dL로 증가하였다. 양군에서 교정 망상적혈구수(%)는투여 1주 후부터 전 기간동안 증가하였다. 혈청 내 철분, ferritin치는 양군에서 투여 2주 후부터감소, 총 철분 결합능은 투여 2주 후부터 증가하였다. 12주째 혈액투석 환자에서 많은 Epokineⓡ용량이 필요했으나(142.2±20.5 vs 117.3±33.6 U/kg/wk, p<0.001) 24주 후 양군의 용량차이는 없었다(123.6±41.5 vs 99.2±49.3 U/kg/wk, p>0.05). 혈액투석 환자에서 피하 주사가Epokineⓡ 투여용량이 더 적었으나(97.4±15.4 vs 145.4±2.9 U/kg/wk, p<0.002) 복막투석 환자는 차이가 없었다(93.0±60.2 vs 105.4±9.7 U/kg/wk, p>0.05) 연구기간 중 9명(18.8%)에서혈압강하제 추가가 필요한 혈압상승, 근육통 동반 상기도 감염 유사증상 및 두통 등의 부작용이 있었다. 대부분 자연소실 혹은 대증요법으로 치유되었고 2명이 부작용으로 탈락하였다. 결 론 : 말기 신부전 환자의 빈혈 개선에 사용하는 Epokineⓡ의 효과는 복막투석 환자에서 더 좋았으며 투여 경로는 정맥주사보다 피하주사가 높음을 알 수 있었다. Background : We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin(Epokine^(ⓡ)). Methods : A comparative prospective study of intravenously and subcutaneously administrated Epokine^(ⓡ) conducted 13 patients performing hemodialysis and 28 patients performing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with end-stage renal disease. Epokine^(ⓡ) was given initially at a dosage of 100 unit/kg, subcutaneously, two times a week. The patients had achieved stable or more than 10 g/dL of hemoglobin level for 12 weeks and then we randomized switching intravenously or subcutaneously administrated Epokine^(ⓡ) for another 12 weeks. Results : Hemoglobin(g/dL) and hematocrit(%) increased significantly from baseline levels beginning from 2 weeks after Epokine^(ⓡ) administration. In HD patients, hemoglobin increased significantly from 7.3 to 9.5 after 12 weeks and to 10.6 after 24 weeks. In CAPD patients, hemoglobin increased significantly from 6.8 to 10.2 after 12 weeks and then 10.8 after 24 weeks(p<0.05). Corrected reticulocyte count(%) was significantly increased from baseline levels beginning from 1 week after Epokine^(ⓡ) administration and continuously increased during study period in both group. Serum ferritin and serum iron decreased significantly and total iron binding capacity increased significantly after 2 weeks. At 12 weeks, HD patients were significantly needed more dosage of Epokine^(ⓡ) than CAPD patients(142.2±20.5 vs 117.3±33.6 U/kg/wk, p<0.001), but at 24 weeks, the dosage was not different(123.6±41.5 vs 99.2±49.3 U/kg/wk, p> 0.05). In HD patients, intravenously administrated Epokine^(ⓡ) group was more dosage than subcutaneously group(97.4±15.4 vs 145.4±2.9 U/kg/wk, p< 0.002), but CAPD patients were not different by administration method(93.0±60.2 vs 105.4±9.7 U/kg/ wk, p>0.05). The 9 cases(18.8%) were suffered from headache and flu-like syndrome, but these side effects were not severe and disappeared from conventional therapy. Conclusion : Epokine^(ⓡ) administration is safe and effective in treating anemia of ESRD patients and subcutaneously administration is significantly more effective than intravenously. (Korean J Nephrol 2002;21(2):190-198)

Constituents Analysis of Amino Acid and Antioxidative Activity from Cultivated Callus and Rhizome in Rhodiola sachalinensis

Song,Won-Seob,Chi,Hyung-Joon,Rim,Yo-Sup,Yoon,Jae-Ho 한국자원식물학회 2002 Plant Resources Vol.5 No.1

The material of Rhodiola sachatinensis collected from an alpine region of the west-northern China. For analysing the effect, 1 used Rhodiola sachatinensis s rhizome and cultivated callus. In EtOAc, BuOH, H₂0separation the plant showed strong antioxidative activity, but not in Hexane. The radical scavenging effect of EtOAc(RC50, 35(g), BuOH(RC50, 43(g), H₂0(RC50, 50(g) fraction and MeOH extract(RC50, 50(g) of the Rhodiola sachatinensis was comparable to that of synthetic antioxidant BHA(RC50, 14(g) and α-Tocopherol(RC50, 12(g). Total amino acid concentration of plant of In nature condition were 18,009ppm, and major components were arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and valine. The ratio of essential/total amino acid on plant of In nature condition was 46.93%. Total amino acid concentration of callus of In vitro condition were 32,435ppm, and major components were valine, histidine, lysine and leucine. The ratio of essential/total amino acid on callus of In vitro condition was 56.07%. was 56.07%.

정보통신연구개발사업 투자에 대한 평가

송학현,김윤호 목원대학교 멀티미디어신기술연구소 2002 멀티미디어신기술연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.1

IT 산업은 '98년이후 연18.8%의 성장을 지속하여 IMF 경제위기 극복과 경제 재도약의 핵심동력으로 성장하여 CDP비중이 '97년 8.6%에서 '01년 12.9%로 증가하고 생산액은 76조원에서 150조원으로 2배 증가 하였다. CDMA, 반도체, TFT-LCD 등은 세계 1등 상품으로 자리잡고, IT분야가 우리나라 수출을 주도하고 있는데 급속한 IT산업 성장의 핵심 원동력은 전략적인 연구개발 투자에 기인한다. 정부에서는 정보통신기술개발을 위해 '93년부터 정보화 촉진기금을 설치하고 "정보통신연구개발사업"을 통해 이를 집중 지원하여 왔는데 정보통신 산업발전 및 정보화촉진을 위해 1993∼2001년간 총 5조 8,252억원을 투입하였고 출연사업으로는 3조 1,012억원을 투입하였다. 정보통신연구개발사업 중 출연사업은 정보통신분야의 기술진흥과 정보통신산업 발전을 선도하기 위한 선도기술개발사업과 IT 신시장 창출 및 IT 산업경쟁력 제고를 위하여 산업체를 대상으로 지원하는 산업기술개발사업, 정보통신분야의 우수한 신기술을 보유하고도 자금 부족 등으로 사업화를 못하는 개인 또는 중소기업에게 시제품개발 또는 산업화에 소요되는 사업비를 지원하는 우수신기술지정지원사업, 그리고 표준화사업과 연구기반조성사업 등이 대표적인 정보통신연구개발사업으로 사업별 지원내용을 살펴보았다. 또한 인력양성을 제외한 정보통신연구개발 출연사업에 1993∼2001년간 총 2조 1,755억원을 투자하여 매출이 28조원이상 발생하는 등의 각종 성과가 있었는데 사업별 성과를 살펴보고 개선방안을 제시하였다.[1][4]

복어중독에 의한 가사 상태에서 소생한 1예

송승찬,신진호,강석우,박경남,최호순,박근태,문희식,기춘석,이성희,윤병철,노우균,조균석,이민호 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin produced by about 90 species of puffer fish and causes paralysis of central nervous system and peripheral nerves by blocking the movement of all monovalent cation. Ingestion of tetrodotoxin produces clinical manifestations such as paresthesias(within 10-45 min), vomiting, lightheadedness, salivation, muscle twitching, dysphagia, difficulty in speaking, convulsion and death that expressed by cardiopulmonary arrest with loss of brain stem reflex sometimes. Tetrodotoxin prevents or delays ischemia induced neuronal death by way of following 3 mechanisms. Firstly, it reduces the energy demand of the brain tissues. Secondly, it delays or even prevents anoxic depolarization. Finally, it deminishes ischemia induced cell swelling and cerebral edema. We report a case of puffer fish poisoning which presented with cardiopulmonary arrest and loss of brain stem reflex, but completely recovered by aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

소아 야뇨증의 치료

송윤섭,박영호 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Nocturnal enuresis is a symptom rather than a disease. Lots of theories have been proposed to explain why children with nocturnal enuresis fail to recognize or respond to their full or contracting bladder during sleep. Although these theories, which include behavioral, genetic, developmental, neurologic, psychological, urodynamic, and organic causes, are diverse and may be able to explain selected cases, there is no single explanation for this symptom, and in each individual multiple factors may be operative. Clearly, the vast majority of children with nocturnal enuresis do not suffer from psychiatric, neurologic, or urologic disturbances, and investigation and treatment along these lines is both inappropriate and unrewarding. A number of treatment modalities have been used for nocturnal enuresis, but their effectiveness, even in controlled studies, has been difficult to assess because of the high spontaneous annual remission rate (15%) and the extremely high placebo improvement effect, which can exceed 65%. Proven, reproducible, and effective therapy has evolved along two lines: drug therapy and behavioral modification. The physician who cares for patients with enuresis must develop an orderly, practical, and effective approach to evaluating and treating the children who present with nocturnal enuresis.

Plant Regeneration and Bulblet Formation of Allium wakegi Araki

Song,Won-seob,Yang,Deok-Chun,Yoon,Jae-Ho,Ryu,Sang-Hyun 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Allium wakegi was cultured shoot tip in the condition of light culture. The Allium wakegi added plant growth regulator was observed of plant regeneration and bulblet formation. Callus Induction and growing rate was the best of 78% when added alone 2,4-D 0.5mg/L. In the formation of shoot, its regeneration rate was 96% when added BA 0.5mg/L in the light culture condition. When BA 0.5mg/L and NAA 0.5mg/L mixed and BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the rates were 99% and 97% respectively, and these conditions were suitable for forming shoot. In the formation of roots, when added NAA 2.0mg/L in the light culture condition, the regeneration rate was 90.6 % and the roots were abnormal. When added NAA 1.0mg/L, the rate was 82 % and the highest. In the formation of bulbs, when BA 05mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the root generantion and its size in the bulbs was the best compare to other treatment experiments.

夏節期中의 琴湖江의 水質調査 硏究

朴炳允,染成鎬,李松愛 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1991 연구논문집 Vol.42 No.1

In order to porvide the basic information for the conservation of Keumho river, pH, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate and heavy metals were investigated at seven sampling sites(Yeungchun dam, Yeungseo bridge, Hayang bridge, Ayang bridge, Seobyun bridge, Paldal bridge, Gangchang bridge). The results were as follows. 1. The values of DO at other sampling sites except for the downstream of Yeungchun dam were lower than those of saturated DO, and, particularly, DO sag was observed at Gangchang bridge. 2. The value of BOD at Gangchang bridge was 13.3ppm, which exceeded the fourth grade of environmental criterion(8ppm). 3. The calue of COD at the downstream of Yeungchun dam was 2.1ppm, but the value of COD at Gangchang bridge, the most highly polluted site, was 27.6ppm, which exceeded the fifth grade of environmental criterion(8ppm). 4. The values of NH₃-N at Yeungseo bridge and Gangchang bridge were 1.93ppm and 1.94ppm, respectively, but those of other sampling sites were at range of 0.18∼0.60ppm The values of NO₃-N at seven sampling sites were at gange of 3.74∼16.32ppm. These values were very high in comparison with those of NH₃-N. 5. The contents of heavy metals at Gangchang bridge(Cu 0.27ppm, Cd 0.034ppm Mn 0.081ppm, Fe 1.742ppm, Zn 0.684ppm, Cr 1.018ppm) were higher than those of other sampling sites.