쿠싱증후군 환자에서 당 대사 이상 정도에 따른 인슐린 감수성과 인슐린 저항성의 변화

정인경,김성훈,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,유형준,안규정,노정현,김동준,김광원 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.4

연구배경 당질 코르티코이드는 당 대사에 매우 중요한 호르몬으로 내인성 당질 코르티코이드 과다상태인 쿠싱증후군에서는 말초조직에서 인슐린 저항이 증가하고 이를 보상하고자 인슐린 분비의 증가로 고인슐린혈증이 동반된다고 보고되고 있다. 하지만 생체 내에서와 달리 시험관내에서는 췌도세포에 당질 코르티코이드를 장시간 처리하면, 인슐린 분비 및 생합성이직접적으로 억제됨이 확인된 바 있어 쿠싱증후군 환자에서 당뇨병의 원인으로는 아마도 말초조직에서 증가된 인슐린 저항성 뿐 아니라 이를 충분히 보상하지 못하는 췌장에서의 인슐린 분비 저하가 같이 동반되어있지 않을까 하는 가설을 세우게 되었고, 아직까지 당질코르티코이드가 당대사 이상을 일으키는 기전에 대해 쿠싱증후군을 당대사 정도에 따라 인슐린 감수성과 분비능을 분석한 연구는 없었기에 이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 삼성서울병원에서 쿠싱증후군으로 진단 받은 환자 15명을 대상으로 하였다. 이에 대한 대조군으로는 쿠싱증후군 환자와 같은 성별 그리고 체질량지수를 갖은 15명의 건강한 성인을 대상으로 비교 하였다 쿠싱증후군 환자를 대상으로 경구당부하 검사를 통해 당대사 정도를 정상군, 내당능장애군, 그리고 당뇨병군으로 나눈 후 정맥 당부하 검사를 시행하여 각군의 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비능의 지표를 비교하고, 수술 후 쿠싱증후군이 완치된 상태에서 수술 전후의 당대사 지표의 변화를 조사하였다. 결과: 1) 쿠싱증후군 환자 중 정상인은 20%, 내당능 장애는 27%, 그리고 당뇨병은 53%였다. 체질량지수, 나이, 그리고 발병 기간은 세 군간에 의미 있는 차이가 없었으나, 24시간 소변검사의 코르티솔 농도는 당뇨병군에서 의미있게 높았다. 2) 정맥당부하 검사 결과, 인슐린 감수성 지표인 Sl는쿠싱증추린」서 1.58±0.10[×10^(-4)(min^(-1)(μU/mL)^(-1)]로 정상 대조군의 3.37±0.49[×10^(-4)(min^(-1)(μU/mL)^(-1)]에 비해 의미있게 낮았으나(P=0.024), 쿠싱증후군 환자 중 NGT, IGT, DM 군간에 서로 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 3) SG는 정상 대조군과 쿠싱증후군 환자간에는 의미있는 차이가 없었고, 쿠싱 증후군에 있어서 당대사가 악화될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 4) 인슐린 분비능의 지표인 AIRg는 정상인에 비해 전체 쿠싱증후군 환자의 경우 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 하지만 쿠싱증후군 환자중에서 당대사 상태에 따라 NGT군은 1299 (1297∼1310)(mu/g/min ×10^(-2))로 정상 대조군(368.9±98.6[mu/g/min ×10^(-2)]) 보다도 의미있게 높았고, DM군{202.2 (91.1~371.4) [mu/g/min ×10^(-2)}은 NGT군에 비해 의미있게 낮았다(P=0.0031). 5) 15명중 현재 완치 상태에 있는 6명에 대해 수술전과 후로 비교하였다. 수술 전 당대사 상태가 1명은정상, 1명은 내당능 장애, 그리고 4명은 당뇨병이었으나 수술 후 시행한 경구 당부하 검사상 모두 정상 당대사 상태를 보였다. 6) 수술 후 완치된 환자 6명에 있어 인슐린 감수성지표인 Sl는 수술전에 중앙값이 1.22[×10^(-4)(min^(-1)(μU/mL)^(-1)]로 대조군에 비해 의미있게 감고』어 있었으나(p.0.05), 수술후 10.95 [×10^(-4)(min^(-1)(μU/mL)^(-1)]로 정상 수준으로 회복되었고(P=0.0022), 인슐린 분비능을 나타내는 AIRg [mu/g/min ×10^(-2)] 값도 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 특히 인슐린 분비능의 회복양상은 혈당농도에 따라 판이하게 나타나서, 정상과 내당능장애 상태에 있던 2명은 수술전에 1201 [mu/g/min ×10^(-2)]로 증가되어 있던 AIRg 값이 수술 후 정상 수준으로 감소하였고, 수술 전에 당뇨병 상태에 있던 4명의 경우 245.9 [mu/g/min ×10^(-2)]로 인슐린 분비능이 감고il어 있었는데 이들은 수술 후 모두 정상 수준으로 증가되었다 (P=0.0286). 결론: 쿠싱증후군 환자에서 당대사 이상은 80%로 높은 유병률을 보였다. 모든 쿠싱증후군환자에서 인슐린 감수성은 정상인에 비해 저하되어 있어 말초조직의 인슐린 저항이 선행됨을 시사하며, 인슐린 분비능은 당대사의 정도에 따라 다르게 나타났는데, 정상 당대사군에서는 인슐린의 저항성을 극복할 만큼 정상 대조군보다 더 많은 양의 인슐린 분비를 하다가 고코르티솔혈증이 심할수록 인슐린 분비능의 감소로 당뇨병으로 진행됨을 확인할 수 있었고, 이런 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비장애는 수술 후 다시 회복되는 가역적인변화를 보였다. Background: Glucocorticoid plays an important role in the control of carbohydrate metabolism. Patients with Cushing's syndrome have been reported to have an increased incidence of carbohydrate intolerance due to peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, although the exact incidence and nature of this disorder have remained unclear. Few results have been published about insulin resistance and insulin secretion according to the level of glucose concentration, or about the reversibility of such defects in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Methods: To assess the effect of glucocorticoid on the insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in Cushing's syndrome, 15 patients with Cushing's syndrome were classified into 3 groups (normal glucose tolerance: NGT, impaired glucose tolerance: IGT, diabetes: DM) according to the degree of glucose tolerance based on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin modified, frequently sampled, intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) was performed before and after curative surgery on these patients and on 15 healthy control subjects. Data were evaluated by non-parametric statistical analysis. Results: 1) Among the 15 patients with Cushing's syndrome, 3 (20%) were NGT, 4 (27%) IGT, and 8 (53%) DM, based on OGTT. Twenty-four hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) was significantly higher in the DM group. 2) Insulin sensitivity index (SI) of Cushing's syndrome was significantly lower than that of the control group p=0.0024), but was not significantly different among the three Cushing's syndrome groups of NGT, IGT and DM. 3) Glucose mediated glucose disposal (SG) (Ed- confirm this abbreviation; it does not seem to match the definition) of Cushing's syndrome was not significantly different from that of the control group. 4) Insulin secretion (AIRg) of Cushing's syndrome tended to be high, but it was not significantly different from that of control. However, according to the level of glucose concentration there was significant difference in AlRg among the three Cushing's syndrome groups p=0.0031); AIRg of DM was significantly lower than that of NGT. 5) After surgical treatment, parameters of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were normalized in 6 cured patients; 1 with NGT, 1 with IGT, and 4 with DM, preoperatively. Median SI of all 6 patients was significantly improved up to the normal range postoperatively p=0.0022). Median AIRg of these 6 patients was balanced around that of normal control postoperatively p=0.0286). Conclusion: Eighty percent of patients with Cushing's syndrome had abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin sensitivity was significantly decreased in Cushing's syndrome. Insulin secretion was significantly higher only in the NGT and IGT groups of Cushing's syndrome. As the hypercortisolemia is exacerbated, insulin secretion is significantly decreased and causes DM, suggesting that glucocorticoid has a direct or indirect toxic effect on the pancreatic beta cell (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:392-403, 2003).

원인 불명의 실신 환자의 진단에 있어서 Head - up tilt Test 의 유용성과 혈관미주신경성 실신 환자의 임상적 특징

윤호중(Ho Joong Youn),정욱성(Wook Sung Chung),백상홍(Sang Hong Baek),김철민(Chul Min Kim),박인수(In Soo Park),김재형(Jae Hyung Kim),최규보(Kyu Bo Choi),홍순조(Soon Jo Hong) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.47 No.2

N/A Background: Syncope, defined as a transient loss of consciousness, is a frequently encountered symptom, but despite thorough clinical and invasive diagnostic investigation, the cause of syncope remains unexplained. In recent years, head-up tilt test has been of increasing interest as a diagnostic aids in patients with unexplained syncope. We studied to define the usefulness of various diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients with recurrent syncope, to assess the usefulness of head-up tilt test in the working of syncope of unknown origin and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of subgroups of patients with syncope induced by head-up tilt test. Methods: Between June, 1991 and November, 1992 at St. Mary`s hospital, 21 patients with history of syncope and 24 control subjects without history of syncope underwent 60° head-up tild test for 60 min. Results: 1) The definite cause for recurrent syncope were diagnosed in 10 of patients (47,6%) after clinical and invasive tests. 2) During head-up tilt test, vasovagal responses were provoked in 5 of 21 patients (23.8%) with recurrent syncope and 1 of 24 patients (4.2%) without syncope (p<0,05). 3) The head-up tilt test induced symptomatic bradycardia or hypotension in 3 of 10 patients (30%.) with negative electrophysiologic results. 4) During tilt induced vasovagal response, a) mean heart rate decreased to 42±24 beat/min from supine control of 70±12 beat/min (p<0. 05), b) mean systolic blood pressure decreased to 95±12 mmHg from supine control of 120±S mmHg (p<0,05), c) mean diastolic blood pressure decreased to 60±21mmHg from supine control of 72±13 mmHg (p<0.05), d) the time interval to onset of vasovagal response was 22±12 min. Conclusions: 1) In a large proportion of patients with recurrent syncope, the diagnosis remains unexplained despite a neurologic and cardiologic investigation including an electrophysiologic study. 2) Vasovagal responses are frequent cause in patients with recurrent unexplained syncope. 3) The head-up tilt test may be a simple, safe and highly yielding provocative test in the investigation of syncope of unknown origin.

미생물을 이용한 염료의 생분해에 관한 연구 : 반응성염료 분해균에 관한 연구 Studies on the Reactive Dye-Degrading Microorganisms

정영건,지원대,정민선,백형진 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1994 환경위생연구 Vol.4 No.1

대구시의 염색폐수처리장 폐수 및 처리장 주변의 토양과 물에서 반응성 염료인 Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A(CBR), Reactive Orange 16(RO), Reactive Black 5(RB)에 탈색능을 보이는 12종의 균을 분리하고 이들 균 중에서 본 실험에 사용한 CBR, RO, RB5 염료 모두에 약 90% 이상의 높은 탈색율을 나타낸 CBR2균을 선별하였다. 선별된 CBR2균의 특성 및 염료분해특성을 조사하였다. CBR2균은 그람 음성, 무아포, 간균으로 운동성이 있으며, 염농도 5%, 온도 50℃에서도 생육이 가능하였다. CBR2균의 생육 및 염료의 탈색에 미치는 pH의 영향을 조사한 결과, pH 5.0에서 9.0까지 고른 균 성장과 탈색율을 나타내었으며 특히 pH 7.0에서 최고의 균 성장 및 염료 탈색율을 나타내었다. 온도별 균의 생육 및 염료의 탈색율을 조사한 결과 30℃에서 가장 높은 균 성장 및 탈색율을 나타내었다. 산소량에 따른 균의 생육 및 염료의 탈색율을 조사한 결과, 산소량이 많을수록 균의 생육이 좋았으며, 염료의 탈색율에 있어서도 CBR 염료의 경우는 산소량에 비례해서 탈색율이 좋았으나, RO와 RB5 염료의 경우는 산소량이 가장 많은 2ml양의 배양에서 보다 상대적으로 산소량이 적은 4ml양의 배양에서 가장 높은 탈색율을 보였다. Twelve strains, which were exhibited abilities of decolorizationto the reactive dyes, Cibacron Brilliant Red 3B-A(CBR) , Reactive Orange 16(RO) and Reactive Black 5(RB5) , were isolated from the samples of waste waterof the dye textile factories and the samples of soil and water around them. Amongthem one stain, CBR2 was selected because of the higest decolorization rateto the reactive dyes, CBR, RO and RB5 with more than 90% of decolorizationrate. The characteristics of reactive dye-degrading microorganism CBR2 andits decolorization abilities to reactive dyes were investigated. This CBR2 wasGram negative and non-spore forming rod. This organism has motility and ispossible to grow even in 5% of sodium chloride solution and at such temperatueof 50℃ In the pH 5.0 to 9.0, growth rate of the isolate and decolorizationrate to reactive dyes by CBR2 were exhibited almost similar rates. However,among those pH of media the most growth and decolorization rates were appearedat pH 7.0. On the temperature effects to growth rates of CBR2 and decolorizationrate by this organism, the most growth and decolorization rates were at tempera-ture of 30℃. More oxygen volumes in test tubes enhanced generally the growthrate of this organism. However, the decolorization rate of CBR dye by CBR2was higher according to oxygen volume increased in the media but the decoloriza-tion rates of RO and RB5 dyes in 2m1 volume of culture media were rather decrea-sed than that of 4ml volume of culture media where oxygen volume is lowerthan that of 2ml volum of culture media.

不任女性 血淸中에 存在하는 透明帶 自家 抗體가 생쥐 卵子의 體外受精에 미치는 影響

鄭炯敏,李相鎭 건국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.29 No.2

These experiments were carried out to detect autoantibodies to zona pellucida in sera from infertile women using indirect ELISA and their effect on in vitro fertilization of mouse ova as a biological test. By indirect ELISA method, 9 of 95 serum samples (9.5%) from infertile women gave positive reaction, whereas all of 16 samples from fertile women and men were negative. These sera were then used in in vitro fertilization of mouse ova. The fertilization rates (15.9%) of eggs treated with positive sera were significantly lower than those (51.9%-71.2%) of eggs treated with control sera. From those results it could be said that the antibodies to zona pellucida are responsible for infertility in fertile women. presumably by preventing sperm attachment and penetration at fertilization.

교정용 열가소성 재료의 두께와 변형량이 재료의 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향

민샘,황충주,유형석,이상배,차정열 대한치과교정학회 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the force and stress depending on the type, deflection and thickness of the materials and to evaluate the mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials after repeated loading. Methods: Four types of thermoplastic products were tested. Force until the deflections of 2.0 mm and the stress when the materials were restoring to its resting position were evaluated. The mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials evaluated after 5 repeated loading cycles. Results: The interaction was observed between the thickness and the deflection (p < 0.05) from the regression equation. Thickness and amount of deflection rather than products and materials showed the largest effect on force and stress. In all products, at least 159 gf of force was required for more than 1.0 mm deflection or when materials with 1.0 mm thickness were deflected. The stress recorded was more than 19 gf/mm². During repeated loading, each group showed significant difference on the force and the stress (p < 0.01), 10 - 17% reduction of force and 4 - 7% reduction of stress in average. Conclusions: Proper thickness of thermoplastic materials and deflection level of tooth movement should be decided for the physiologic tooth movement. Force decay after repeated loading should be considered for the efficient tooth movement. 다양한 열가소성 교정 재료를 이용한 성공적인 임상 결과가 보고되었지만, 재료의 물리적 성질에 관한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구는 열가소성 재료의 종류, 두께, 변형량과 반복변형에 따른 변형 시 필요한 하중과, 변형되었던 재료가 원래의 상태(resting position)로 돌아갈 때 재료의 복원력을 평가하였다. 실험적인 모델의 조건에서 투명교정장치의 재료로 쓰이는 4가지 종류의 열가소성 재료(0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.0 mm 두께)를 최종 변형량이 2.0 mm가 될 때까지의 하중(gf)을 측정하였다. 변형 후 탄성력에 의해 원점으로 회복될 때, 재료의 복원력(gf/mm²)을 측정하였다. 동일한 방법으로 5회 반복변형 동안의 하중과 복원력의 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 열가소성 재료의 두께와 변형량에 대해 상호 교호작용이 관찰되었으며 (p < 0.05), 열가소성 재료의 두께 및 변형량이 하중과 복원력에 가장 큰 영향력을 나타내었고 재료 간 혹은 제품 간의 하중과 복원력에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 두께가 1.0 mm이거나 또는 1.0 mm 이상 변형인 경우 최소 159 gf의 하중이 필요하였고, 최소 16 gf/mm2의 복원력이 발생하였다. 각 실험군에 대한 반복하중 시 하중과 복원력에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되었고 (p < 0.01), 평균 10 - 17%의 하중 감소와 4 - 7%의 복원력 감소가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과, 하중과 복원력에 가장 영향을 많이 주는 요소는 재료의 두께와 치아의 이동량 이었다. 제품에 상관없이 두께가 1.0 mm 이상인 재료를 사용하거나 치아를 1.0 mm 이상 이동 시에는 과도한 힘이 발생하였다. 따라서 투명교정장치를 이용하여 생리적으로 치아를 이동시키기 위해서는 초기 치아배열을 위해 사용하는 열가소성 재료의 두께와 셋업 시 치아 이동량을 고려하여 과도한 힘이 가해지지 않도록 해야 한다. 또한 반복하중 후에 열가소성 재료의 피로도에 의한 힘의 상쇄를 고려하여 임상에 적용해야 한다.

원위 대퇴골의 고립성 골연골종에서 발생한 속발성 연골 육종 1례 보고

정필현,황장수,강석,김용민,오형호,채동주,김종필 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

연골육종은 비교적 서서히 자라며 늦게 전이하는 악성 연골 종양으로 알려져 있다. 골 연골종에서 발생한 속발성 연골육종은 발생빈도는 드물며 타부위로의 전이가 적고 악성도가 낮은 경우가 많아 적합한 수술적 치료로서 좋은 예후를 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 동국대학교 정형외과학 교실에서는 우측 대퇴골 원위부 골간단부에 생긴 고립성 골 연골종에서 이차적으로 발생한 연골육종을 치험한 바 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. A case of Secondary Chondrosarcoma Arising from Solitary Osteochondroma of the Distal Femur Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, DongGuk University Phil Hyun Chung M.D., Jung Su Hwang M.D., Suk Kang M.D., Yang Mln Kim M.D., Hyung Ho Oh M.D., Dong Ju Chae M.D., Jong Pil Kim M.D. Chondrpsarcoma is a malignant cartilage-forming tumor that grows slowly and metastasis of this tumor occurs in late stage. Secondary chondrosarcomas arising from a solitary osteocartilaginous exostosis are rare and those have a better prognosis than other chondrosarcomas, and they rarely metastasize. We present our experience with a case of secondary chondrpsarcoma arising in solitary osteochondroma of distal metaphysis of right femur with clinical details.

書-畵의 추상화 과정에 관한 試 : 1930년대 - 1960년대 일본과 한국화단을 중심으로

정형민 서울대학교 조형연구소 2000 造形 FORM Vol.2000 No.23

The most apparent change that took place in Asian painting in the 20th century is abstraction. As abstraction developed, gradually the discussions on the origin of the abstract art began to arise. Abstract style in Asian art was viewed to be the adoption of European modernism on the one hand. Sometimes though, it was traced to the Asian tradition itself. As Informed and Abstract Expressionism became the dominant art movement after World War II, the line separating the so-called "Western painting" and "Oriental Painting" appeared to be disappearing. And the effort to trace the origin of the abstract art became in fact an issue of identity far the latter. The origin was traced by Asian artists and critics in the literati theory of art, ink painting and calligraphy, in that sa-ui, xie-i in Chinese(寫意, 'writing-out the idea'), that describes the major objective of literati art. is in fact equivalent to abstraction in the modern sense. According to Western critics, like Clement Greenberg, the stylistic similarities between the arts of the East and the West were the result of convergence or accident at least, and that abstract expressionism owes nothing to the Oriental calligraphic art. This paper examines the development of abstraction in Japanese and Korean traditional painting from the 1930s to the 1960s in the context of interaction between calligraphy and painting. With the introduction of European art, which considers painting as the prime art and calligraphy as merely a form of writing, calligraphy lost its status as an expressive device of thoughts by lofty scholars from late Meiji(明治, 1868-1911). The proper method of painting, according to the literati theory of art, was to paint with resilient calligraphic brushwork as if form was written out (xie 寫) instead of being painted (hua 畵). In the 20th century, calligraphlc painting, meaning painting done in calligraphic brush method, changed into painterly calligraphy. Painterly calligraphy means that calligraphy was practiced for its formal beauty only in the same way as the paintings were produced. While calligraphy lost its prime status in the East at the beginning of the 20th century, in the West, Euro-American artists were increasingly intrigued by the unique concept of calligraphy as an art form, most likely under the influence of orientalism that was prevalent from 19th century on. And supposedly, calligraphic lines began to be adopted by western artists who were looking far the means to write out and express the inner greatness. Japanese and Korean art experienced modernization in response to abstract art. In Japan, abstract style with the connotation of avant-gardism from the outset began to emerge in the 1930s, then progressed further after World War II. There were two groups of avant-garde artists: 1) a group of painters who worked their way through the well-established system, like government-sponsored organizations such as the Japanese Exhibition, niten('日展', 日本美術展覽會), art schools, or the academy of arts (藝術院); 2) the other so-called avant-guards calligraphers (前衛書家) who took a more radical anti-establishment position. The two groups, however, showed their affinity with the Informel and Abstract Expressionism in their works by emphasizing the strength of medium -ink and calligraphic brushwork. and More importantly, the act of painting was presented as form of public spectacle. They were classified as calligaphers, but they were abstract-style painters as well. The border between calligraphy and painting was becoming more blurred. In Korea, the abstract art movement was also launched with the connotation of arrant-gardism, which was provoked not so much by aesthetic issues as by the factional differences concerning the national competition like Grand Exhibition of Korea ('國展', 大韓民國美術展覽會), The style the avant-guard artists chose was Informel/Abstract Expressionism, introduced mainly via Japan by means of art magazines. The splash-ink technique (pomo in Chinese, 潑墨法) was the major technique chosen by the artists, then 25-30years odd, to reproduce the formless Informel style. Avant-gardism had also close ties with nationalism, and the root of ink-rendered formless style was traced to the Asian tradition. Their so-called the arrant-garde style was in fact an official style approved through the national competition that they protested against, but participated in after all. The field of calligraphy, which was once the dominant art when the art was led by scholar-painters, was reduced into an esoteric group of professional calligraphers. Then the main objective of the modern calligraphers was to protect their already reduced stature, rather than any sort of modernization of their calligraphic work. The art of calligraphy became the art of forms as it diverged from its long tradition as the expressive and leisurely device of scholarly pursuit.

저농도 화학적 산소 요구량의 측정법 연구

정형근,조민제 연세대학교 보건과학연구소 1997 보건과학논집 Vol.7 No.-

Effective Surface Modification of a Germanium Layer by using an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet with a Round Ended Nozzle

Min Kim,M. G. Kim,S. R. Kim,H. Y. Chung,J. G. Choi,조혜민,정태훈,Hyung Soo Kim,김용 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.5

We investigate the surface modification of a germanium epitaxial layer grown on a silicon substrate by means of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. The plasma jet contains a large density of highly reactive radicals, as confirmed by optical emission spectra. The plasma jet with a nozzle with a round end has a higher current level compared to cylindrical and pencil-shaped nozzles, indicating the usefulness of this plasma jet for semiconductor processing. Raman spectra reveal a significant modification of the germanium surface under exposure to an atmospheric pressure plasma jet even for 1 min. The first-order Raman peak at 320 cm−1 has an asymmetric shoulder on the lowfrequency side, which can be attributed to amorphization/oxidation of the germanium layer due to highly reactive radicals. The rapid surface change under short-time exposure indicates the practicality of the plasma jet for semiconductor processing.

인체 자궁암 세포에서 천연 성분이 P-당단백질의 활성에 미치는 영향

정수연,고은정,김나형,성민경,장정옥,이화정 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.15

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is, at least in part, associated with the overexpression of P-gly-coprotein (P-gp). Many studies hve demonstrated that natural compounds obtained from fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal plants may modulate P-gp activity. The objective of the present investigation was to examine the effect of seven natural compounds on the P-gp activity in human uterine sarcoma cell line, MES-SA/DX5. Daunomycin uptake was significantly increased by biochanin A and silymarin (p<0.0001) whereas it was reduced by morin (p<0.01). The efflux of daunomycin from the cells was significantly inhibited by biochanin A, morin, cephalotaxine, berberine (p<0.05) and silymarin (p<0.0001). Biochanin A, berberine and silymarin significantly decreased IC_(50) value of daunomycin (p<0.05) while morin increased it (p<0.05). These results suggest that some natural compounds such as biochanin A and silymarin may inhibit P-gp funciton and can by developed as MDR reversing agents to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs when administered concomitantly.