해수의 염 농도와 탁도가 전기, UV 및 전기+UV 공정의 Artemia sp. 불활성화에 미치는 영향

김동석 ( Dong-seng Kim ),박영식 ( Young-seek Park ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salt concentration and turbidity on the inactivation of Artemia sp. by electrolysis, UV photolysis, electrolysis+UV process to treat ballast water in the presence of brackish water or muddy water caused by rainfall. The inactivation at different salt concentrations (30 g/L and 3 g/L) and turbidity levels (0, 156, 779 NTU) was compared. A decrease in salt concentration reduced RNO (OH radical generation index) degradation and TRO (Total Residual Oxidant) production, indicating that a longer electrolysis time is required to achieve a 100% inactivation rate in electrolysis process. In the UV process, the higher turbidity results in lower UV transmittance and lower inactivation efficiency of Artemia sp. Higher the turbidity resulted in lower ultraviolet transmittance in the UV process and lower inactivation efficiency of Artemia sp. A UV exposure time of over 30 seconds was required for 100% inactivation. Factors affecting inactivation efficiency of Artemia sp. in low salt concentration are in the order: electrolysis+UV > electrolysis > UV process. In the case of electrolysis+UV process, TRO is lower than the electrolysis process, but RNO is more decomposed, indicating that the OH radical has a greater effect on the inactivation effect. In low salt concentrations and high turbidity conditions, factors affecting Artemia sp. inactivation were in the order electrolysis > electrolysis+UV > UV process. When the salt concentration is low and the turbidity is high, the electrolysis process is affected by the salt concentration and the UV process is affected by turbidity. Therefore, the synergy due to the combination of the electrolysis process and the UV process was small, and the inactivation was lower than that of the single electrolysis process only affected by the salt concentration.

Control of the red tide dinoflagellate <i>Cochlodinium polykrikoides</i> by ozone in seawater

Shin, Minjung,Lee, Hye-Jin,Kim, Min Sik,Park, Noh-Back,Lee, Changha Elsevier 2017 Water research Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The inactivation of <I>C. polykrikoides</I>, a red tide dinoflagellate, by ozonation was investigated in seawater by monitoring numbers of viable and total cells. Parameters affecting the inactivation efficacy of <I>C. polykrikoides</I> such as the ozone dose, initial cell concentration, pH, and temperature were examined. The viable cell number rapidly decreased in the initial stage of the reaction (mostly in 1–2 min), whereas the decrease in total cell number was relatively slow and steady. Increasing ozone dose and decreasing initial cell concentration increased the inactivation efficacy of <I>C. polykrikoides</I>, while increasing pH and temperature decreased the cell inactivation efficacy. The addition of humic acid (a promoter for the ozone decomposition) inhibited the inactivation of <I>C. polykrikoides</I>, whereas bicarbonate ion (an inhibitor for the ozone decomposition) accelerated the <I>C. polykrikoides</I> inactivation. Observations regarding the effects of pH, temperature, humic acid, and bicarbonate ion collectively indicate that the inactivation of <I>C. polykrikoides</I> by ozonation is mainly attributed to oxidative cell damages by molecular ozone, rather than by hydroxyl radical, produced during the ozone decomposition. At high ozone dose (e.g., 5 mg/L), hypobromous acid formed by the reaction of bromide with ozone may partially contribute to cell inactivation. The use of ozone of less than 1 mg/L produced 0.75–2.03 μg/L bromate.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ozonation rapidly inactivated <I>C. polykrikoides</I> in seawater via a two-stage process. </LI> <LI> Direct oxidation by ozone was responsible for the inactivation of <I>C. polykrikoides</I>. </LI> <LI> The use of ozone of less than 1 mg/L produced a negligible amount of bromate. </LI> </UL> </P>

The increased GUS gene inactivation over generation in Arabidopsis transgenic lines

Park, Soon-Ki Korean Society of Life Science 2002 생명과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Agrobacterium(LBA4404/pBI1121)을 이용하여 형질전환된 애기장대 (Arabidopsis thaliana)를 대상으로 T2, T3, F3세대에서의 도입된 외래 유전자의 비활성화 현상을 조사하였다. Kanamaycin저항성 개체들의 GUS유전자 발현을 분석한 결과, T2세대에서 조사된 12계통 중 5계통에서 GUS 비활성 개체가 관찰되었다 (GUS유전자 비활성율 2.3%). Multi copy T-DNA 계통을 조사한 결과, GUS 비활성 정도가 더욱 심해짐이 관찰되었다 (5.8%). T3 세대에서 single copy T-DNA 계통들은 1.3%의 GUS 비활성율을 보인 반면, multi-copy T-DNA 계통에서의 비활성율은 12.6%로 급격히 증가하였다. 유사한 현상이 형질전환 식물체와 정상개체를 교배하여 생산된 F2 계통에서도 관찰되었다 (비활성율 9.9%). 본 실험으로 식물체에 도입된 외래 유전자가 후대에서의 전이과정동안 점진적으로 비활성화되고, 이 현상은 multi copy T-DNA 계통에서 훨씬 심각함이 밝혀졌다. The effect of transgene inactivation in T2, T3 and F2 generations was analyzed in progeny seedlings which had been generated by Agrobacterium (LBA4404/pBI121)-mediated transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In a system which investigated in the expression of $\beta$-glucuronidase(GUS)gene in kanamycin-resistant (ke $n^{R}$)seedlings, GUS inactivated seedlings were observed in 5 of 12 tested lines of T2 generation and the frequency of GUS inactivation was approximately 2.3%. Lines with multi-copies of T-DNA exhibited severe GUS gene inactivation with the frequency of 5.8% in T2 generation. In T3 generation lines exhibited GUS gene inactivation with the frequency of 1.3%. In contrast, inactivation increased dramatically up to 12.6% in multi-copy T-DNA line. A similar phenomenon was also found in F2 progeny from a transgenic line which had been crossed with wild-type Arabidopsis plant, WS-O (GUS gene inactivation frequency 9.9%). These results indicate that the foreign gene introduced into the plant was inactivated progressively in its transmission during subsequent generations and the transgenic line with multi-copies of T-DNA tended to show more increased inactivation.

사람 뇌척수액중 Transthyretin의 항산화작용

양성렬,최기오,박종근,류문희,홍석노,김수한,안봉환,이제혁,이민화 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.4

Protective effects of human cerebrospinal fluid antioxidants against enzyme inactivation caused by metal-catalyzed oxidation systems were investigated. When purified glutamine synthetase(GS) was incubated with human cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), the enzyme was progressively inactivated. Catalase and EDTA could inhibit the enzyme inactivation by 50-80%. Small-molecular(Mr< -10,000) fraction of CSF inactivated the exogenous GS, but large-molecular(Mr> -10,000) fraction did not. The GS inactivation by the small-molecular fraction was also markedly inhibited by catalase and EDTA. These results suggested that metal-catalyzed oxidation is involved in the GS inactivation by the small-molecular fraction of CSF. Dithiothreitol(DTT) was shown to inhibit almost completely the oxidative inactivation of GS by CSF. However, DTT inhibited only partially the oxidative inactivation of GS caused by small-molecular fraction of CSF. When large-molecular fraction of CSF was separated by anion-exchange HPLC chromatogrpahy, there was a peak of antioxidant activity inhibiting the small-molecular fraction-induced GS inactivation in the presence of DTT. The antioxidant activity was neutralized by monoclonal antibodies to transthyretin. Purified transthyretin was found to efficiently inhibit ascorbate/Cu^(2+)-induced GS inactivation in the presence of DTT. Uric acid and glucose did not show any protective effect on the GS inactivation in the same condition. The above results suggest that metal-catalyzed oxidation occurs normally in human CSF, and that transthyretin may play an important role as a CSF antioxidant in protecting proteins from metal-catalyzed oxidation.

Inactivation of Coprinus cinereus peroxidase during the oxidation of various phenolic compounds originated from lignin

Kim, H.S.,Cho, D.H.,Won, K.,Kim, Y.H. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2009 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.45 No.2

In this study, the inactivation of Coprinus cinereus peroxidase (CiP) during the oxidation of various phenolic compounds originating from lignin was investigated. The CiP was significantly inactivated during the oxidation of phenolic compounds, such as vaniline, p-coumaric acid, 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-cresol, m-cresol and phenol. Conversely, the CiP nearly maintained its initial activity for the oxidation of syringic acid, vanillic acid and ferulic acid. Hydrogen peroxide affected the CiP inactivation, while the polymerized reaction product hardly affected the CiP inactivation. The thermodynamic parameter (ΔΔG<SUB>f298K</SUB><SUP>0</SUP>) and turnover capacity (ΔS/ΔE) were adapted to explain the CiP inactivation due to covalent bonding between the enzyme and phenolic compounds. In the cases of syringic acid, vanillic acid and ferulic acid, which maintained high residual CiP activities after reaction, the ΔΔG<SUB>f298K</SUB><SUP>0</SUP> were more negative and the turnover capacities were higher than the other values. This means that these compounds prefer to form a dimer rather than an enzyme-phenolics complex. Among the inactivation factors, the formation of covalent bonding between the enzyme and phenolic radicals was concluded to be the main mechanism for the inactivation of CiP. The new thermodynamic parameter (ΔΔG<SUB>f298K</SUB><SUP>0</SUP>) used in this study could help to quantitatively show the reaction tendency of phenolic compounds to form a dimer or covalent bonding with the enzyme, which could be used to predict the degree of CiP inactivation.

가열비동화법에 의한 속영동 및 초속영동 간원성 alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme의 분별에 관한 연구

송정한,김진규,김상인 대한의학협회 1990 대한의학협회지 Vol.33 No.7

장파장의 자외선 LED 광원을 이용한 안질환 세균의 살균효과

이철우,정경인,황광하,이석주,유근창 한국안광학회 2012 한국안광학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate inactivation effect of UVA-LED ultraviolet radiation upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus which are the major bacteria causing eye diseases. Methods:The small sterilization device was made using UVA-LED of 400 nm. After Pseudomonas aeruginosa was diluted to 10^-7 and Staphylococcus aureus to 10^−5 and diluted solutions were put onto each liquid medium. They were irradiated by 400 nm of UVA for different amount of time; 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, 360 min and 480 min each. Results: The data from sterilization test was solved to regression line equation and the target log inactivation was obtained. The 3 log inactivation UV irradiation value of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 54,847 UV dose (mJ/cm^2) and irradiation time was 135.42 min while the 3 log inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus was 39,066 UV dose (mJ/cm^2) and irradiation time was 98.72 min. Conclusions: The inactivation effect of sterilization method using 400 nm of UVA-LED upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus has been verified and it is considered as a useful method in inactivating the contact lenses. 목적: 본 연구는 UVA영역의 LED를 이용하여 안질환을 일으키는 대표적인 유발균인 녹농균과 포도상구균에 대한 살균효과를 알아보고, UVA영역의 LED를 콘택트렌즈 살균에 활용하고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환의 원인 세균인 녹농균과 포도상구균에 대한 살균효과 실험은 400 nm의 UVA-LED를 이용하여 소형 살균기기를 제작하여 녹농균은10^−7 CFU/ml, 포도상구균은 10^−5 CFU/ml 로 각각 액체배지에 희석하여 넣은 후 시간대별로 15분, 30분, 60분, 120분, 240분, 360분, 480분 동안 각각 400 nm의 UVA를 조사하였다. 결과: 살균실험 결과를 직선회귀방정식(regresson line equation)으로 변환하여 목표 살균치(target log inactivation)를 도출한 결과 녹농균에 대한 3log inactivation의UV조사량(mJ/cm^2)이 54,847 UV dose(mJ/cm^2)이었으며, 조사시간(irridiation time)은 135.42(min) 이었다. 또한 포도상구균의 3log inactivation은 39,066 UV dose(mJ/cm^2)이었으며 조사시간은 98.72분이었다. 결론: 이러한 실험 결과400 nm의 UVA-LED를 이용한 녹농균과 포도상구균에 대한 뛰어난 살균효과를 확인하였으며 콘택트렌즈의 살균에유용하게 이용될 것으로 사료된다.

Inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni using Radio-frequency Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Agar Plates and Chicken Hams

김주성,이은정,조은아,김윤지 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Radio-frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma using argon gas was studied in the inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in order to investigate its applicability. First, the inactivation study was conducted on an agar surface. C. jejuni NCTC11168 was reduced by more than 7 Log CFU after an 88 s treatment. Another strain, ATCC49943, was studied; how-ever, the inactivation was less efficient, with a 5 Log CFU reduction after a 2 min treatment. Then, chicken breast ham was studied at the106CFU inoculation level. The inactivation efficiency was much lower for both strains compared to that on the agar plates. C. jejuni NCTC11168 and ATCC49943 were reduced by 3 Log CFU after a 6 min treatment and by 1.5 Log CFU after a 10 min treatment, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that C. jejuni cells were deformed or transformed into coccoid form under the plasma treatment. During the plasma treatment, the temperature of the samples did not rise above 43o C, suggesting that heat did not contribute to the inactivation. Meanwhile, water activity sig-nificantly decreased after a 10 min treatment (p<0.05). This study conveyed that radio-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma can effectively inactivate C. jejuni with strain-specific variation.

시판 감귤주스, 매실주스 및 키위 즙에서 Listeria monocytogenes와Salmonella Typhimurium의 생존성

김미령,우호춘,손원근 한국식품위생안전성학회 2008 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenenes in mandarin orange, Pru-nus mume (maesil), and kiwi juices was evaluated. A three-strain mixture of S. Typhimurium or L. monocytogenes wasinoculated (7 log CFU/ml) into a commercial mandarin orange juice and maesil juice, and home-maid kiwi extract.The inactivation efect of Maesil juice was estimated by the addition into the other two fruit juices. All fruit juices hadacidic pH, ranging from 2.8 to 3.5 and it was not variable during all experimental period, being at 4oC for 14 days. TheL. monocytogenes within 7 days, while kiwi extractand mandarin orange juice archived 3.0-log inactivation and 1.0-log inactivation, respectively, until 14 days of stor-age. S. Typhimurium was completely reduced by Maesil juice and kiwi extract within 14 days, but mandarin orangejuice showed only 1.4-log inactivation. The inactivation of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium was increased byadding 10% maesil juice to both mandarin orange juice and kiwi extract.

Inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni using Radio-frequency Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Agar Plates and Chicken Hams

Joo Sung Kim,Eun Jung Lee,Eun Ah Cho,Yun Ji Kim 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Radio-frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma using argon gas was studied in the inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in order to investigate its applicability. First, the inactivation study was conducted on an agar surface. C. jejuni NCTC11168 was reduced by more than 7 Log CFU after an 88 s treatment. Another strain, ATCC49943, was studied; however, the inactivation was less efficient, with a 5 Log CFU reduction after a 2 min treatment. Then, chicken breast ham was studied at the106 CFU inoculation level. The inactivation efficiency was much lower for both strains compared to that on the agar plates. C. jejuni NCTC11168 and ATCC49943 were reduced by 3 Log CFU after a 6 min treatment and by 1.5 Log CFU after a 10 min treatment, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that C. jejuni cells were deformed or transformed into coccoid form under the plasma treatment. During the plasma treatment, the temperature of the samples did not rise above 43oC, suggesting that heat did not contribute to the inactivation. Meanwhile, water activity significantly decreased after a 10 min treatment (p