A Study on the Relationship between Skin-Color and Body Image Satisfaction among Female University Students

나현숙,지선옥 한국피부과학연구원 2013 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Body image is closely related with self-esteem and quality of life. Individuals with negative body image are more likely to suffer from anxiety, pain, disease and depression. One’s dissatisfaction on his own body image not only concerns people’s body size and shape, but also skin color. The most important substance determining human skin color is the pigment melanin, and skin color of which can darken with the exposure of sun. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between body image satisfaction and skin color and to identify the difference of sun-protective behavior according to skin color among female university students in Korea. Korean female university students (n=158, aged 19–26) completed a questionnaire with a battery of questions regarding body satisfaction, subjective skin color, ideal skin color, sun protective behavior,and skin care behavior. Satisfaction on body image was measured using the Body Cathexis Scale (BCS). We used Fitzpatrick skin color types (Type I: pale white, light. Type II: white, fair. Type III: medium, white to brown. Type IV: olive, moderate brown. Type V: brown, dark brown. Type VI: very dark brown to black). Among the 158female students, the order of skin color type frequency was type III (n=107, 67.7%), type II (n=30, 19.0%), type IV (n=18, 11.4%), type I (n =3, 1.9%) and none of the subjects were type V or type VI. There were significant differences in skin satisfaction according to the female college students’ self- reported skin color (p = .001,mean score of type I= 4.33, mean score of type II=3.27, mean score of type III=2.51, and mean score of type IV=2.83). Moreover, there were significant differences in total body image satisfaction by their skin color (p=.003). For sun protection, wearing sunglasses (p=.003) and avoiding outside activities during peak sun hours (p=.025)showed significant difference between skin colors and sun protective behaviors. Our research confirms that the majority of female’s ideal skin color is type I or type II and confirms the association between skin color and body image satisfaction among the female university students in Korea. Females with lighter skin color are more satisfied with their skin and body than females with darker skin color. Also, lighter skinned subjects wore significantly more sunglasses and avoided outside activity during peak sun hours than darker skinned subjects.

바디페인팅에 활용된 배색 이미지 연구

이해미루 ( Haemiru Lee ),김성남 ( Sung Nam Kim ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2015 패션 비즈니스 Vol.19 No.1

Due to the inflammatory of body exposure it did not become popular to the Korean natio n but the body painting as a body art is definitely required for it be become a new pure a rtwork. In this body painting color is the core factor for visual part and expression and col oring obtained from the color is very important in creating effective image. In Korea beauty industry the researches are limited to the study on coloring expression of general beauty m akeup. Therefore, this research analyzes color images in recent body painting artworks by defining characteristics of colors and coloring applied by theme. For the research subjects, dominant and secondary colors were extracted from the artworks presented in preliminary a nd final rounds of year 2012 and 2013 World Body Painting Festival. For the selection of fi nal coloring stimulation the most frequent coloring by theme was first chosen. Among the m, 2 individual coloring bands were selected by theme among the high frequency colors. F or the analysis of coloring image shown in body painting works total 8 coloring bands wer e created and they were compared and analyzed by indicating each divided coloring band on the coloring image scale by theme. In this research coloring image analysis was done after examining colors and coloring of artworks presented in World Body Painting Festival b y theme. This research has its meaning that it provides information and guideline for colori ng design work of body painting by analyzing coloring image used in color and coloring of body painting by theme.

저층 건축물의 지붕색과 몸통색의 적정 명도차에 관한 연구

윤희철(Yoon Heecheol) 한국색채학회 2010 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.1

지붕과 몸통으로 이루어진 층 이하의 소규모 건축물들에 4 있어서 지붕색과 몸통색이 일정한 명도차이를 유지하면 색상을 달리 하더라도 비교적 일정한 조화를 이룰 수 있을 것이라고 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 건축과에 재학중인 학생들을 대상으로 Brown(5R 4/2), Gray(N4) 2가지의 지붕색에 대하여 살펴보았다. 그리고 지붕과 몸통으로 구성된 입면도를 2층, 3층, 4층으로 작성하였다. 몸통색은 한국표준색표집에서 R, Y, G, B의 색상 중 각 색상의 순색에 가까운 5R, 5Y, 5G, 5B에 있는 색상 챠트에서 4가지 계열 모두 3에서 9까지의 7단계의 명도 단계를 공통적으로 가질 수 있는 채도로 각 색상마다 ‘2’의 채도를 가지는 색상을 선택하였다. 설문은 학생들에게 7개의 입면을 빔프로젝트를 통하여 한 화면에 비춘 뒤 선호하는 입면을 선택하는 방법으로 설문을 실시하였다. 응답된 설문은 SPSS를 이용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석을 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2가지 지붕색에 따른 지붕색과 몸통색간의 명도차는 몸통색이 3∼4정도 더 높은 명도차를 가지면 양자간의 비교적 조화로운 배색이 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 지붕색에 따른 몸통색의 색상 선호도 차이는 별로 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 Brown과 Gray계열의 지붕색에서는 어떠한 지붕색을 선정하던지 3∼4정도의 명도차가 있는 몸통색을 선정하면 일정한 조화를 이룰 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 지붕색을 고정하고 몸통색을 변화해도 일정한 명도차(3∼4)의 명도를 지닌 배색을 선호하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가령 지붕색의 명도가 ‘4’라면 몸통색의 명도가 7∼8정도이면 어떠한 색이건 지붕과 몸통은 일정한 조화를 이룰 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 넷째, 성별에 따른 선호도는 남자가 여자보다 몸통색의 명도가 약간 더 낮은 것을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 남자의 경우 여자들보다 지붕색과 몸통색의 명도차가 낮은 배색을 하는 것이 더 선호도를 높일 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있다. 다섯째, 고학년이 저학년보다 근소한 차이이기는 하나 지붕색과 몸통색의 명도차가 작은 것을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이로써 여자보다 남자가, 저학년보다 고학년이 지붕색과 몸통색의 명도차를 더 낮게 배색하는 것이 좋을 듯하다. I supposed, in those buildings that lower than 4th floor which consisted of Roof and Body, if you keep a little bit Value differences between Roof and Body Colors, even though their different colors, anyone can get reasonable Color Harmony. To verify this, I made some elevations that consisted of Roof and Body with 2nd, 3rd, 4th floor. I chose two colors of Roof which made of shingles, Brown(5R 4/2) and Gray(N4) colors. And I took the colors of Body that have Chroma "2", which have Value 3 9 in 5R, 5Y, 5G, 5B. I selected ~ every Body Colors in the color chart "Korean Standard Color(1991)". And then I took some questionnaires to 121 students who study architecture in the university by using beam projector in the dark room. After that, I analyzed those datum with SPSS package. Analysis methods are Frequency and Cross-tabulations. In conclusion, 1st, in case of two Roof Colors(Brown(5R 4/2) and Gray(N4)), if Body"s color is 3~4 higher Value than Roof, there will be reasonable Color Harmony between Roof and Body Colors. 2nd, there are little differences in the preferences of Body Color in according to Roof Color. Therefore, there will be somewhat reasonable Color Harmony between Roof and Body Colors even if you select any Roof Color that has 3~4 differences of Value in those cases of Brown and Gray Roof Color. 3rd, many students prefer 3~4 higher Value color arrangements in every Body Colors with fixing Roof Color by one. 4th, in the preference of sex, men prefer lower Value of Body color than women. Therefore, to make higher preferences of Color Harmony for men, you"d better to make arrangement lower differences of Value between Roof Color and Body Color. 5th, higher grades prefer little differences of Value of Body and Roof Color arrangements. Therefore, you"d better to make arrangement lower differences of Value between Roof Color and Body Color for men and higher grades.

연구논문 : 아쿠아타입과 슈프라타입의 바디페인팅 제품 발색 비교

이경희 ( Kyung Hee Lee ),이기영 ( Kee Young Lee ),김정희 ( Jeong Hee Kim ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This study has the aim to provide useful data for effective directing when we select products and use colors, by comparative analysis of color effects depending on the body painting product type, to improve the efficiency of using of the product based on the properties and color effects of the product. This was presented the result by comparative analysis and measuring the degree of color of products and skin about the representative four colors of manufacturers and the dedicated body panting product, Aqua type and Supra type. In order to compare the coloration about Aqua types and Supra types of body painting products, we use the color value CIE L*, a*, b*. Themeasurement of the degree of skin was measured lower than that of surface in all measurements regardless of the types of products, as the result of the color effects comparison of the degree of products and that of skin. This result is believed the color of the skin is affected by the product color. While in the degree of the surface, Red color and Yellow color of Aqua type showed the highest measurement in Redness and Yellowness, in the degree of skin, Yellow color of Supra type is the highest. When you apply the product to the skin, the difference in the skin color and the surface color has less the difference of the degree of color of Supra type than Aqua type. This can be seen for Supra type for Supra type to have higher hiding power in coloring than Aqua type. Also, the difference of the degree of surface and that of skin appears the highest in Blue color, Black color was found that there is little difference.

브랜드화를 위한 양식장 수조색에 따른 넙치 치어의 체색변화 연구 - 체색 넙치양식을 통한 브랜드화를 중심으로 -

고경란,박연선 한국브랜드디자인학회 2013 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.11 No.1

속도와 경쟁사회의 21세기 디지털 정보화시대에서 사람들 은 신체적·정신적 안정과 풍요를 추구하고 여유로움을 갈망 한다. 이른바 웰빙 문화는 근본적으로 몸과 마음이 건강하고 자신이 추구하는 삶의 질을 높이기 위한 것으로 최근 들어 소 비자들의 보다 안전한 먹거리를 찾는 이유에서 비롯된다. 한 국인이 가장 즐겨 찾는 넙치는 지난 1980년대 중반 제주지역 에 넙치양식이 처음으로 도입된 이후 지속적인 성장을 거듭 하여 왔으며 그 결과 연간 조수입이 3,000억 원에 달할 정도 로 성장하였다. 본 연구는 제주지역의 1차 산업 중에서도 규모가 큰 양식 어류의 성장에 있어 양식장의 수조 색을 이용한 체색변화를 연구하였다. 또한 수조색이 어류의 생리 및 색채본능에 미치 는 영향을 파악하여 소비자들의 식품소비 형태에 맞춰 보다 친환경적인 생육조건을 찾아보고 다른 지역과 달리 청정 지 하해수를 활용한 제주 넙치의 브랜드화를 위한 산업적 응용 이 가능한지에 대한 중요도를 알아보았다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 요약하면, 4개의 수조에 Gray (청회색), Black(검정), White(흰색), Sand(모래)를 각 수조에 도색하고 부화 30일째 된 넙치 치어(몸길이 약 16mm) 100마리씩을 조건별로 분주하여 90일 동안 사육한 결과 수조 색에 따른 어류의 체색변화를 연구하였다. 연구결과, 양식장 수조 는넙치양식에다음과같은시사점을줄수있다. 첫째, 수조 색에 따른 주위의 명암이 변하면 넙치의 체색은 그 명암에 상 응(相應)하여 안전과 위험을 구분하는 색채를 인지하고 눈을 통해 체색을 변화시킨다는 점이다. 둘째, 실험에서 넙치치어 를4가지수조색에서사육한결과수조색과거의흡사한체 색변화가 있었다. 셋째, 수조색 4가지(청회색, 검정, 흰색, 모 래)중에 가는 모래를 수조에 깔았던 실험구의 체색변화가 색 상, 톤, 넙치의 무늬모양 등이 자연산 넙치와 아주 흡사하였 다. 이는 다시 말해, 소비자가 접한 상품에 제주넙치에 브랜 드 구축이 가능하며 양식에 있어 수조 색을 기초한 새로운 경 쟁력에 유효한 효과적인 방법이 검색되어져야 하겠다. 결국, 양식어류들에게 있어서 어류의 생리 및 색채본능에 대한 다 양한 영역과 산업적 측면에서 응용연구가 무엇보다도 중요하 다는 것을 인식하고 수산물 소비시장 확대와 제주수산식품의 대외 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 보다 폭넓고 다양한 연구가 이 루어져야 할 것이다. In the 21st Century digital Information Age of speed a nd competition, people pursue physical and mental stabilit y and prosperity, and long for a more life. The goal of the so-called well-being culture is to have a healthy body and mind and an enhanced quality of life. The recent con sumer trend seeking safer food stems from this culture. Among these food items, flatfish has been most frequentl y consumed in Korea. Flatfish farming was introduced in Jeju in the mid 1980s. Since then, it has grown continuou sly to reach $277million USD of annual gross income. This research was conducted on hatchery fish which ha s a large part in the primary industry of Jeju. It studied changes in body colors of hatchery fish using the color of fish tanks at a fish farm. Also, it figured out the influe nce of fish tank colors on physiology and color instincts of fish to seek more environmentally-friendly growing co nditions in accordance to the consumer behavior of food consumption. In addition, it examined the significance of plausible industrial application for brand marketing of uni que Jeju flatfish using clean ground seawater. In this research, 4 fish tanks were made and one of 4col ors- Gray, Black, White, and Sand-was painted on each fish tank. 100 young flatfish (approximately 16 mm of bo dy size)were put in each fish tank for 90 days, 30 days after they hatched. It examined the body color changes of fish in accordance to the color of fish tanks. This researc h has drawn some implications as follows. First, if the bri ghtness changes in accordance to fish tank colors, flatfis h responded to it distinguishing between safety and dang er through their color instincts, or vision, and changed th eir body color. Second, when young flatfish were grown in 4color fish tanks, they changed their body color in acc ordance to fish tank colors. Third, the flatfish in a fish ta nk where fine sand was laid showed similar body color tone and pattern to those in a natural setting. It indicates that the brand image build-up of Jeju flatfish as the worl d’s leading product is possible. Also, the search for the ef fective method forcompetitive flatfish farming based on fi sh tank colors is necessary. Therefore, the importance of applicationresearch in various fields and industries on ph ysiology and color instincts of fish in fish farming should be recognized. Moreover, relevant extensive research to expand the fishery product market and secure competitiv eness of Jeju fishery products should be conducted.

승용차의 외장색 운영과 선호색을 통해 본 색채의 시대성 고찰 - 1970년대~1990년대, 현대자동차를 중심으로

이옥분 한국기초조형학회 2013 기초조형학연구 Vol.14 No.4

Color is visual characteristic made with surfacing feeling and polishing of materials. Color design is a set of actions to express visually through scheming color in accordance with purpose of products and to work with accurate management. Like this, in respect of whole physical surface of materials, color design is based on practical fields. This research considers it in all its bearings of the development of motors color and the historical meaning in center of color design being given shape in the industry. The scope of this study is subject to the passenger car of Hyundai as Korean representative company. Full-out starting of the color design is Pony. And then it connect to Accel which has leaded popularization of vehicle and development of relevant industry. Since 90s, color design have emerged to more individualized cars with a diverse of customer cultures and choices thank to unique design skills. Colors of these cars reflect desire of industry and takes shape physically inculding techniques. In the end, they appear as Pony's simple chromatic and Accel's soft and functional colorlessness, and several color appropriate to 90's different styles. Since this research considers color's own substantial meaning of the needs of the times through color in practice and color preference. We can figure out desire and recognition of society of today through color. Additionally, it is expected to contribute a historical documentation about trimmed color of Korea motors. 색채는 제품을 구성하는 재료의 표면적인 질감, 광택이 함께 만들어내는 시각적인 특성이고, 색채 디자인은 제품의 목적에 맞는 색채를 계획하여 시각적으로 표현하며, 정확한 관리에 의해 그 효과가 발휘되도록 하는 일련의 행위를 의미한다. 이와 같이 색채 디자인은 재료의 물리적인 표면 전반을 다루는 실무적인 분야이다. 이 연구는 디자인 실무 현장에서 구체화된 색채를 중심으로 국내 승용 자동차의 색채 변화와 그 시대적 의미에 대해 고찰한 것이다. 연구 대상은 한국 자동차 업계를 대표하는 현대자동차 생산 승용차로 한정하였다. 한국의 자동차 색채 디자인의 본격적인 출발은 현대자동차의 포니로부터 시작되고, 이후 산업 발전과 자동차 대중화에 기여한 주요 모델인 엑셀로 이어졌다. 90년대 들어 색채 디자인은 국내의 독자적인 디자인 능력이 향상되었고, 다양한 소비문화에 대응하는 개성화된 차종들의 개발에 역할 했다. 자동차 색채는 당시 사회와 산업의 요구를 반영하며 기술적으로 구체화되었다. 시대를 반영한 색채는 포니의 단순한 유채색과, 엑셀의 무난하고 기능적인 무채색, 90년대 다양한 스타일에 걸맞는 여러 가지 질감의 색채들로 나타났다. 색채 운영과 선호색을 통해 색채가 함의하는 시대성에 관해 살펴본 연구 결과, 색채가 지닌 사회적인 인식과 요구를 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 결과는 한국 승용 자동차의 외장 색채 역사의 자료화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

퍼스널 네일 컬러 진단에 따른 네일 컬러링 일치도가 신체 이미지 변화 인지와 네일 컬러링 만족도에 미치는 영향

이현원,권혜숙 한국인체미용예술학회 2019 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the match between personal nail color and nail coloring had an effect on recognition of body image changes and satisfaction with the nail coloring of the subjects. It also looked at whether the correspondence between the nail color that the subject thought was well suited to them and the nail color diagnosed by the expert, and whether the degree of interest of the subject in the nail coloring affected these results. A review of literature, questionnaires, interviews, and experiments were used as research methods. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability verification, and 2x2x2 mixed design ANOVA. The findings were as follows. First, the subjects of this study were more sensitively aware of the positive effects such as reducing the disadvantages or improving the appearance of their hands when they applied their personal nail colors. They responded that they felt as if their skin color and the gloss of the hand were improved, or that some shortcomings such as wrinkles, blood vessels, and spots appeared lighter, or that their hands seemed smaller or softer, and the fingers looked longer. Second, when subjects colored their nails with the color that was diagnosed as suitable for them, they were more satisfied and they judged that the chosen color matched well with the color of their hands. Third, the perception of personal nail color, the interest in nail coloring, and the interaction effect between nail coloring interest and perception of personal nail color did not significantly affect the satisfaction of nail coloring.

체형 및 의복 색이 남자아동의 인상형성에 미치는 영향

김재숙,송경자 대한가정학회 2002 Family and Environment Research Vol.40 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bodyshape and clothing color on boy's impression. The subjects were composed of 480 elementary students, 11∼12 years old. The stimuli were consisted of 12 color photographs by using CAD system that was different in the bodyshape, the clothing color and the level of contained color each other. The subjects reported the stimuli's impression on the questionnaires. The image of the stimuli were emerged 5 differented dimensions ; attractiveness, evaluation, potency, bodyshape, visibility. The boy's impressions of normal bodyshape were more attractive, positive evaluation and thin than obese bodyshape. The boy's impressions who was dressed in pink color shirt were thin than blue color. The boy's impressions were positive evaluation when he was dressed in shirt with pink or blue color in collar and cuffs and the whole. The boy's impression of normal bodyshape wearing blue color shirt was the most attractive but the boy's impression of obese bodyshape wearing pink color shift was not charm. The boy's evaluation who was normal bodyshape wearing pink color shirt was the most positive and the most thin.

영향 변인에 따른 색채 선호도와 의복색 소유도의 차이 : 유행 몰입도, 연령, 신체 치수 및 신체 만족도를 중심으로 Focusing on fashion involvement, age, body size and body-cathexis

이명희,김미영 한국의류학회 2003 한국의류학회지 Vol.27 No.2

This study intended to analyze the differences in (general & apparel) color preference and possession of apparel color preference(POA) by influential factors(fashion involvement, age, body-size and body-cathexis). We collected data from 303 females in the ages of 20's and 40's living in Seoul. The results were as follows; As a result of factor analysis, the fashion involvement was categorized into three aspects: coordinating fashion involvement, opinion-leading fashion involvement, and innovating fashion involvement. There were significant differences among fashion involvement groups in the color preference and POA. Also the signigicant differences in color preferences and POA by ages and body-size were found. But in the analysis based on body-cathexis, no noticeable variance between different groups were found.

의복스타일과 색이 신체이미지 지각에 미치는 영향

김효숙,최창석,이은실 대한가정학회 2003 Family and Environment Research Vol.41 No.9

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of dothing colors, dothing styles on women's body image perception. The experimental design was 2 x 2 x 9(perceiver's gender x clothing styles x clothing colors) factorial design with between-subjects design. Subjects were 320 college students in the metropolitan area of Seoul. Perceiver's gender, clothing styles, and clothii colors gave a significant influence on the 3 variables of shoulder, the upper half of the body, and bust. Shoulder and the upper half of the body had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. Perceiver s gender gave a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, clothing styles did a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, and slender figure. Clothing colors gave a significant influence on length of leg, height, and slender figure. Length of leg and slender figure had an interaction effect by perceiver s gender and clothing styles. Hip size had an interaction effect by perceiver s gender and clothing color. Hip size had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. The results of this study support that coloration of clothing and clothing style affects perception of stimulus persons wearing apparel.