가미지패산(加味芷貝散)의 포도상구균 감염 유방염에 대한 항균활성 및 항염 효과

권지명 ( Ji Myung Kwon ),김동철 ( Dong Chul Kim ) 대한한방부인과학회 2013 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the protective effect of Gamijipaesan aqueous extracts (GJS), which has been traditionally used in Korean medicine in obstetrics & gynecological fields as anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory agents, against mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus infection in a rat model through antibacterial, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-oxidant effects. Methods: Antibacterial activities of GJS against S. aureus were detected using standard agar microdilution methods, with the effects on the bacterial invasion and intracellular killing of individual test materials in human mammary gland carcinoma cell(MCF-7) and murine macrophages(Raw 264.7) at MIC1/2, MIC and MIC2 concentration levels. In addition, the effects on the cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 productions of LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells. The changes on the mammary tissue viable bacterial numbers, myeloperoxidae (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS), TNF-α and IL-6 contents were observed in the S. aureus in vivo intramammary infectious rat model. The anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were compared with ciprofloxacin and piroxicam, respectively in the present study. Results: MIC of GJS and ciprofloxacin against S. aureus were detected as 0.860±0.428 (0.391-1.563) mg/ml and 0.371±0.262 (0.098-0.782) μg/ml, respectively. In addition, GJS and ciprofloxacin were also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of the both bacterial invasion and intracellular killing assays using MCF-7 and Raw 264.7 cells at MIC1/2, MIC and MIC×2 concentrations, respectively. ED50 against LPS-induced cell viabilities and NO, TNF-α and IL-6 releases of GJS were detected as 0.72, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.11 mg/ml, and as 19.04, 4.18, 5.37 and 4.27 μg/ml in piroxicam, respectively. 250 and 500 mg/kg of GJS also inhibit the intramammary bacterial growth, MPO, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 contents in S. aureus in vivo intramammary infected rats, respectively. GJS 500 mg/kg showed quite similar antibacterial and anti-infectious effects as compared with ciprofloxacin 40 mg/kg and also showed similar anti-inflammatory effects as piroxicam 10 mg/kg, in S. aureus in vivo intramammary infectious models. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that over 250 mg/kg of GJS showed favorable anti-infectious effects against S. aureus infection in a rat model through their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant effects and therefore expected that GJS can be used as alternative therapies, having both anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious activities. However, more detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the efficacy tests of individual herbal composition of GJS and the screening of the biological active compounds in individual herbs. In the present study, GJS 500 mg/kg showed quite similar anti-infectious effects were detected as compared with ciprofloxacin 40 mg/kg treated rats, and also GJS shows quite similar anti-inflammatory effects as compared with piroxicam 10 mg/kg in S. aureus in vivo intramammary infectious rats, but ciprofloxacin did not showed any anti-inflammatory effects, and piroxicam did not showed anti-infectious effects in this study.

계피 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 화장품소재의 응용

이영숙,유민정 한국피부과학연구원 2019 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: This study examines potential abilities and commercial values of Cinnamon extract as bioactive and cosmetics ingredients. Methods: Cinnamomum cassia bark was extracted with hot water and 70% ethanol to examine its antioxidant effects through its total polyphenol, flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS radical scavenging activity. Also, this study examined its nitric oxide (NO) inhibition effect through RAW 264.7 cells into which inflammatory reaction was induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and antihistamine activity in the RBL-2H3 cells. The antibacterial effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract on 8 types of bacteria were also studied. Results: As a result of measuring the antioxidant effect, the total polyphenol contents were 90.12 and 113.07 μg/mL, respectively, while the total flavonoid contents were 36.42 and 54.31 μg/mL, respectively. The DPPH scavenging effect was confirmed as 84.93% in the hot water extract and 90.25% in the ethanol extract for 400 μg/mL. The ABTS radical scavenging effect was 82.20% in the hot water extract and 92.21% in the ethanol extract for 400 μg/ mL. Upon measuring the NO inhibitive effect through the RAW 264.7 cells into which inflammation reaction was induced by LPS, the NO generation decreased to 14.57 μM in the hot water extract and 10.15 μM in the ethanol extract in the concentration of 100 μg/mL. This result, compared to the increase up to 20.11 μM by LPS, shows the NO inhibitive effect of Cinnamoum cassia bark extract. As a result of measuring the antihistamine activity in the RBL-2H3 cells, β-hexosaminidase increased to 176.21% by IgE-NDP whereas it was 117.25% in the hot water extract and 100.09% in the ethanol extract in the concentration of 100 μg/mL, confirming the inhibitive effect on β-hexosaminidase discharge. The antibacterial effect was confirmed on all bacteria through the measurement on the Cinnamomum cassia Bark extract on eight types of bacteria. Particularly, the antibacterial effect of the hot water extract and ethanol extract was found to be high in Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Pityrosporum ovale (P. ovale). Conclusion: Cinnamomum cassia bark extract is deemed prospective as a natural functional cosmetics’ ingredient with excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine inhibitive and antibacterial effects. 목적: 본 연구에서는 계피 추출물의 생리활성 및 화장품 소재로서의 가능성과 산업적 활용가치를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 계피를 열수 그리고 70% 에탄올로 추출물하여 이용하여 총 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 소거활성, ABTS radical 소거활성을 조사하여 항산화 효과를 확인하였으며, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)로 염증반응이 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포를 통해 nitric oxide (NO) 생성 저해 효과와 RBL-2H3세포에서 항히스타민 활성을 알아보았다. 그리고 8종의 균에 대한 계피 추출물의 항균효과도 확인 하였다. 결과: 항산화 효과 측정 결과, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 90.12, 113.07 μg/g 이고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 36.42, 54.31 μg/g의 함량이 확인 되었다. DPPH 소거활성은 400 μg/mL에서 열수 추출물은 84.93%, 에탄올 추출물은 90.25%의 소거능이 확인 되었으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성을 측정 결과, 400 μg/mL에서 열수 추출물은 82.20%, 에탄올 추출물은 92.21%의 소거능이 확인 되었다. LPS로 염증반응이 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포를 통해 NO 저해 효과 측정 결과, LPS에 의해 NO의 생성량이 20.11 μM까지 증가된 것에 비해 100 μg/mL의 농도에서는 열수 추출물은 14.57 μM 에탄올 추출물은 10.15 μM 까지 감소된 것으로 보아 계피 추출물의 NO 생성 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. RBL-2H3 세포에서 항히스타민 활성을 측정한 결과, IgE-DNP에 의해 β-hexosaminidased이 176.21%로 증가된 것에 비해 100 μg/mL의 농도에서는 열수 추출물은 117.25% 에탄올 추출물은 100.09%로 β-hexosaminidase 방출에 대한 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 8종 균에 대한 계피 추출물의 추출물의 항균효과를 측정한 결과 모든 균에서 항균효과가 확인 되었으며 특히 S. epidermidis, P. ovale 에서 열수 추출물과 에탄올 추출물 항균효과가 높게 확인되었다. 결론: 계피 추출물은 항산화 효과 및 항염 효과 및 항히스타민 억제효과 그리고 항균효과가 우수하였으 며, 천연 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

Antibacterial effect of Ishige okamurae extract against cutaneous bacterial pathogens and its synergistic antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

( Bogeum Kim ),( Min-sung Kim ),( Seul-ki Park ),( Seok-chun Ko ),( Sung-hwan Eom ),( Won-kyo Jung ),( Young-mog Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.3

Background: Cutaneous bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes are often involved in acne vulgaris. The currently available therapeutic option for these skin pathogens is an antibiotic treatment, resulting in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to discover an alternative antibacterial agent with lower side effect from marine algae. Results: The ethanolic extract of edible brown algae Ishige okamurae exhibits potent antibacterial activity against cutaneous bacterial pathogens. Among the ethanol soluble fractions, the n-hexane (Hexane)-soluble fraction exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against the pathogens with MIC values ranging 64 to 512 μg/mL and with minimum bactericidal concentration values ranging 256 to 2048 μg/mL. Furthermore, the combination with Hexane fraction and antibiotics (ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem) exhibited synergistic effect. Conclusion: This study revealed that the I. okamurae extract exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect against acnerelated cutaneous bacterial pathogens acquired antibiotic resistant. Thus, the results of the present study suggested that the edible seaweed extract will be a promising antibacterial therapeutic agent against antibiotic-human skin pathogens and its infections.

키토산 첨가 수산화칼슘 근관 충전재의 Enterococcus Faecalis에 대한 항균 효과 및 물리적 성질

송솔,김유진,이정환,이준행,신지선,김종빈,Song, Sol,Kim, Yu-Jin,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Lee, Joonhaeng,Shin, Jisun,Kim, Jongbin 대한소아치과학회 2021 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.48 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 키토산 첨가 수산화칼슘 근관 충전재의Enterococcus Faecalis에 대한 항균 효과 및 물리적 성질을 알아보는 것이다. 저, 중, 고분자량의 키토산 분말을 수산화칼슘 근관 충전재와 혼합하였고, 각 분자량 별로 키토산 분말을 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 wt%로 첨가하였다. E. faecalis를 배양하여 1 × 10⁶ CFU/ml로 조정하였다. 항균 효과 실험을 위해 2.0 wt% 키토산의 3가지 다른 분자량, 3가지 다른 농도의 고분자량 키토산을 수산화칼슘 근관 충전재와 혼합하였다. 기준 파장 600 nm인 570 nm에서 분광광도계를 이용하여 상층액의 흡광도를 측정하였다. 유동성, 피막도 및 방사선 불투과성은 ISO 6876 : 2012에 의거하여 측정하였다. 키토산을 포함하는 모든 분자량 유형의 실험군은 키토산을 첨가하지 않은 대조군에 비해 E. faecalis 성장 억제 효과를 보였다. 고분자량 키토산 첨가 군에서 가장 좋은 항균 효과를 보였다(p < 0.05). 또한 키토산 첨가량이 감소할수록 항균 효과도 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 키토산을 함유하는 수산화칼슘 근관 충전재의 모든 분자량 군은 키토산 함량의 증가 따라 유동성 및 방사선 불투과성이 감소하고 피막도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 1.0 wt% 저분자량 키토산의 첨가는 기존 수산화칼슘 근관 충전재와 비교하여 물성에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 연구 결과를 종합하였을 때, 수산화칼슘 근관 충전재에 첨가하여 항균성 강화와 적절한 물성을 얻기 위해선 2.0 wt%의 키토산 분말의 첨가가 적정하다. 키토산의 항균 효과를 고려할 때, 키토산의 근관 치료 및 소아치과 분야에서의 적용을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect on Enterococcus Faecalis and physical properties of chitosan added calcium hydroxide canal filling material. Low, medium, high molecular weights of chitosan powder were mixed with calcium hydroxide canal filling material. Also, for each molecular weight group, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 wt% of chitosan powder were added. An overnight culture of E. faecalis was adjusted to 1 × 10⁶ CFU/ml. For test of antibacterial effect, three different molecular weights of 2.0 wt% chitosan and three different concentrations of high molecular weight chitosan were mixed with calcium hydroxide canal filling material. The absorbance of plates was analyzed using spectrophotometer at 570 nm with a reference wavelength of 600 nm. Physical properties such as flow, film thickness and radiopacity were examined according to ISO 6876 : 2012. All molecular weight type of chitosan containing material showed inhibitory effect against E. faecalis growth compared to non-chitosan added calcium hydroxide canal filling material group (p < 0.05). High molecular weight chitosan containing material showed the most antibacterial effect. Also, the antibacterial effect decreased as the incorporated amount of chitosan decreased (p < 0.05). Every molecular weight group of material containing chitosan had a tendency for reduced flow and radiopacity, increased film thickness according to amount of chitosan. Low molecular weight of 1.0 wt% chitosan addition did not show any significant difference of physical properties compared to conventional calcium hydroxide canal filling material. In conclusion, for reinforcement of antibacterial effect against E. faecalis and for favorable physical properties, 2.0 wt% of chitosan adding is recommended. Considering its antibacterial effect of chitosan, further studies are required for clinical application of chitosan in endodontics and pediatric dentistry.

감초, 연교 황련의 항산화 및 피부상재균에 대한 항균력 조사

장영아 ( Young Ah Jang ),이진태 ( Jin Tae Lee ) 한국미용학회 2014 한국미용학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The aim of this study is to assess the anti-oxidant activity such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch(GuF), Forsythia suspensa Vahl(FsV), Coptischinensis Franch(CcF) and antibacterial effects of cutaneous microorganisms and to know its possibility that can be used as a cosmeticing redient for application of cosmetic industries. The anti-oxidant activity was determined by using DPPH radical inhibition activity, SOD-like activity and ABTS radical inhibition activity. To estimate about antibacterial effects, we did experimental work bacteria of Staphylococcusepidermidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes by using a method of paper disk diffusion. In DPPH radical inhibition activity test, GuF, FsV, CcF showed effects of 59.4%, 69.4%, 73.0% respectively. In the test of ABTS radicalinhibition activity, GuF, FsV, CcF showed high vitalities of 27.1%, 86.1%, 93.5% at 100 μg/ml concentration respectively. The result of antibacterial effects, we were able to confirm that GuF extract at P. acnes showed the clear zone on entire concentration. In case of FsV extract, there is no antibacterial effect for any bacteria on entire concentration and CcF was identified the clear zone at C. albicans, P. acnes bacteria based on entire concentration. Considering antioxidant activity and high antibacterial efficacy of three kinds of samples, the study suggests that those samples have possibility as materials for natural cosmetic ingredients which have safe antioxidative activity and antibacterial effects.

개복숭아꽃과 매화꽃 추출물의 생물활성

김미정 ( Mijung Kim ),박세연 ( Seyeon Park ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2021 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.64 No.2

본 연구에서는 개복숭아꽃과 흰색, 분홍색 매화 꽃의 항균 활성과 항산화, 미백 효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 먼저, 3종의 꽃추출물들은 4종의 균주 중에 S. aureus에 대해 우수한 항균 활성을 나타냈다. 흰매화 클로로포름층은 0.5 mg/mL 농도에서 S. aureus에 대해 84%의 항균 활성을 보였고 개복숭아꽃과 분홍매화 클로로포름층도 0.5 mg/mL 농도에서 각각 49, 30%의 항균 효과를 나타냈다. 3종의 꽃추출물들은 P. aeruginosa에 대해서도 항균 효과를 보였다. 개복숭아꽃 클로로포름층과 분홍매화 클로로포름층은 0.5 mg/mL 농도에서 각각 36, 30%의 항균활성을 보였다. 이 추출물들은 S. epidermidis와 E. coli에 대해서는 항균 활성을 보이지 않았다. 3종의 꽃추출물들은 HaCaT cell의 생존에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 분홍매화 증류수층은 20, 40 μg/mL 농도에서 항산화 효과를 보였다. 분홍매화 에틸아세테이트층도 40 μg/mL에서 항산화 효과를 보였는데 이는 글루타치온 보다 우수하였다. 꽃추출물들은 B16F10 cell의 생존율에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 꽃추출물들의 미백 효과는 개복숭아꽃 클로로포름층 40 μg/mL에서 18%가 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 3종의 꽃추출물들은 항균 활성과 항산화, 미백 효과가 있는 원료로 판단할 수 있었다. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and whitening effects of Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. (Feral Peach) and Prunus mume (white and pink) flowers. The extracts of the three kinds of flowers showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus. aureus. The chloroform fractions of the white Prunus mume, Feral Peach, and pink Prunus mume flowers exhibited antibacterial activities of 84, 49, and 30%, respectively, against Staphylococcus. aureus at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The flower extracts of the three species also exhibited antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas. aeruginosa. The chloroform fractions of the Feral Peach and pink Prunus meme flowers exhibited antibacterial activities of 36 and 30%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. These extracts did not exhibit any significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus. epidermidis and Escherichia. coli. The extracts of the three kinds of flowers did not significantly affect the survival of HaCaT cells. The distilled water fraction of the pink Prunus mume flower extract exhibited antioxidant effects at concentrations of both 20 and 40 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of the pink Prunus mume flower extract exhibited an antioxidant activity superior to glutathione at a concentration of 40 μg/mL. The flower extracts did not significantly affect the survival rate of B16F10 cells. The chloroform fraction of the Feral Peach flower exhibited a whitening effect of 18% at a concentration of 40 μg/mL. Based on these results, we conclude that the three kinds of flower extracts are raw materials exhibiting antibacterial, antioxidant, and whitening effects.

Antibacterial effect of Ishige okamurae extract against cutaneous bacterial pathogens and its synergistic antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

김보금,김민성,박슬기,고석천,엄성환,정원교,김영목 한국수산과학회 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.3

Background: Cutaneous bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes are often involved in acne vulgaris. The currently available therapeutic option for these skin pathogens is an antibiotic treatment, resulting in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to discover an alternative antibacterial agent with lower side effect from marine algae. Results: The ethanolic extract of edible brown algae Ishige okamurae exhibits potent antibacterial activity against cutaneous bacterial pathogens. Among the ethanol soluble fractions, the n-hexane (Hexane)-soluble fraction exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against the pathogens with MIC values ranging 64 to 512 μg/mL and with minimum bactericidal concentration values ranging 256 to 2048 μg/mL. Furthermore, the combination with Hexane fraction and antibiotics (ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem) exhibited synergistic effect. Conclusion: This study revealed that the I. okamurae extract exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect against acnerelated cutaneous bacterial pathogens acquired antibiotic resistant. Thus, the results of the present study suggested that the edible seaweed extract will be a promising antibacterial therapeutic agent against antibiotic-human skin pathogens and its infections.

Antibacterial Effects of Hydrogen Water on Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Rahima Begum,Cheol-Su Kim,Ailyn Fadriquela,Johny Bajgai,Soo-Ki Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2019 한국물학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Hydrogen water (HW) produced by electrolysis of water has characteristics of extremely low oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value and high dissolved hydrogen (DH). It has been proved to have various beneficial effects including anti-oxidantion and anti-inflammation however, the antibacterial effect on human pathogenic bacteria is poorly studied. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of hydrogen water on three different types of human pathogenic bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and S. mutans. S. aureus, S. mutans, and E. coli were cultured and diluted with hydrogen water and tap water at different ratio (9:1, 5:5 and 1:9) and inoculated on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and Mac Conkey agar. After inoculation, the S. aureus, E. coli culture plates were incubated at 37 ℃ in aerobic condition for 24 h, S. mutans in anaerobic condition for 48 hours. After 24 h of incubation, the total number of the colony was measured as CFU/mL. We found that the number of all three bacterial species was fully reduced at the ratio of 1:9 hydrogen water, but the tap water had no effects. We can conclude from our results, that hydrogen water may have positive and strong antibacterial effects on various human pathogenic bacteria. But, it needs other experiments to clarify the antimicrobial effects of hydrogen water.

Effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic CS-A on performance in broiler chickens

김세은,Ara Go,Kyung Mi Shim,배춘식,문창종,김성호,김종춘,유진철,조승식,강성수 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

As alternatives to antibiotics, probiotics, enzymes, organic acids, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, and other functional materials are actively being explored. Probiotics include live beneficial microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract and competitively inhibit the attachment and growth of harmful microbes. Probiotics also increase feed efficiency by assisting in nutrient absorption and digestion. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a new probiotic, CS-A, as a dietary supplement of a fermented product on growth performance, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens, and to evaluate its value as an alternative for antibiotics used as a feed additive. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of CS-A were investigated in vitro and in vivo the effects of a constant concentration of supplemented CS-A on growth rate and feed efficiency were evaluated. As well, the safety of CS-A was assessed by the examination of common symptoms and mortality. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration revealed an excellent antibacterial effect of CS-A. Cytotoxicity was low and the effective concentration of CS-A produced anti-inflammatory effects. Supplementation with 0.1% CS-A produced a feed efficiency score of 1.84 in broilers, compared to 2.00 in the control group. There were no adverse clinical findings, necropsy findings, hematology, and altered serum biochemistry parameters, and no mortality. Thus CS-A is concluded to be safe and effective as a feed additive.

황금작약탕(黃芩芍藥湯)의 MRSA에 대한 항균활성에 관한 연구

김에스더 ( Esther Kim ),최종환 ( Chong Hwan Choi ),김일현 ( Il Hyun Kim ),이하일 ( Ha Il Lee ),송용선 ( Yung Sun Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2013 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity of Huanggeumjakyak-tang water extract against MRSA. MethodsThe antibacterial activities of Huanggeumjakyak-tang were evaluated against 3 strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 1 standard Methicillin- susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain by using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test and time-kill assay was performed under dark. ResultsThe MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of Huanggeumjakyak-tang water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 1,000 to 2,000μg/ml. So we confirmed that it has a strong antibacterial effect. Also the combinations of Huanggeumjakyak-tang water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. ConclusionsThe results obtained in this study suggest that Huanggeumjakyak-tang water extract showed antibacterial effect against MRSA, and it also showed reducing effect on the side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics. (J Korean Med Rehab 2013;23(3):15-26)