La$_{0.875-x}$Yb$_{0.125}$)NbO$_4$:Tm$_x^{3+}$ 형광체의 형광특성

신상수,이성수,박세진,홍창범,신성재,김인기,추장우,홍영범,백민하,최정곤 한국물리학회 2016 새물리 Vol.66 No.10

Tm$^{3+}$and Yb$^{3+}$ co-doped LaNbO$_4$ polycrystalline powders were prepared by using a solid-state reaction method, and their crystallinities and surface morphologies were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. According to the results of X-ray diffraction, the powders showed a polycrystalline monoclinic structure. The photoluminescence and the upconversion luminescence properties of (La$_{0.875-x}$Yb$_{0.125}$)NbO$_4$:Tm$_x^{3+}$($x$ = 0.006, 0.008, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) phosphors were investigated in detail. Blue upconversion emissions were observed in the phosphors under excitation by 980 nm laser diode. The powders exhibited strong blue upconversion emission peaks at 476 nm. The maximum emission intensity was obtained for the 0.006 mol Tm$^{3+}$-doped powders, and intensity decreased as the concentration of Tm$^{3+}$ ions was increased to 0.05 mol. 본 연구에서는 Yb$^{3+}$이온의 농도를 0.125 mol에 고정하고 Tm$^{3+}$이온의 농도를 변화시킨(La$_{0.875-x}$Yb$_{0.125}$)NbO$_4$:Tm$_x^{3+}$ ($x$ = 0.006, 0.008, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) 형광체 분말을 고상 반응법(solid state reaction)을 이용하여 합성하고 구조적특성 및 표면적특성, 형광특성 을 연구하였다. X-선 회절장치 및 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 형광체 분말의 결정성 및 표면형상을 측정하였으며, 형광광도계를 이용하여 형광특성을 관찰하였고, 980 nm 레이저 다이오드와 분광기를 이용하여 형광체의 상방전환 형광특성을 분석하였다. (La$_{0.875-x}$Yb$_{0.125}$)NbO$_4$:Tm$_x^{3+}$ 분말은 Tm$^{3+}$ 이온의 함유량에 관계없이 단사정계 구조의 다결정상으로 성장함을 알 수 있었다. (La$_{0.875-x}$Yb$_{0.125}$)NbO$_4$:Tm$_x^{3+}$ 분말의 경우 Tm$^{3+}$ 이온의 첨가량이 0.006 mol일 때 형광세가가 가장 강했고, Tm$^{3+}$의 첨가량이 증가할수록 형광의 세기가 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

Tm₂O₃가 첨가된 MLCC용 BaTiO₃ 유전체의 전기적 특성 및 열화거동

김도완,김진성,후이,이희수,Kim, Do-Wan,Kim, Jin-Seong,Hui, K.N.,Lee, Hee-Soo 한국결정성장학회 2010 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.20 No.6

Tm 도핑에 따른 $BaTiO_3$ ceramics의 전기적 특성과 열화 거동에 미치는 영향에 대하여 core-shell 형성과 가속열화시험에 의한 미세화학변화의 관점에서 연구하였다. $Tm_2O_3$를 첨가하지 않은 $BaTiO_3$와 1 mol%를 첨가한 $BaTiO_3$를 펠렛과 적층 형태의 시편으로 각각 제조하였다. 1 mol% $Tm_2O_3$가 첨가된 유전체 시편의 유전상수는 $Tm_2O_3$를 첨가하지 않은 시편에 비해 약 40% 높게 나타났고 X7R 조건을 만족하였다. 절연저항 또한 1 mol% $Tm_2O_3$가 첨가된 시편은 $5.43{\times}10^{10}{\Omega}$으로 $Tm_2O_3$를 첨가하지 않은 시편의 $1.11{\times}10^{10}{\Omega}$보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 $Tm^{3+}$ 이온이 Ba site와 Ti site에 선택적으로 치환되고 유전체 미세조직 내에 core-shell 구조를 형성하여 전기적 특성을 향상시킨 것으로 설명된다. 각각의 조성에 따라 제조된 적층 시편의 $150^{\circ}C$, 70 V, 24시간 가속열화시험결과에 따르면, 1 mol% $Tm_2O_3$가 첨가된 $BaTiO_3$는 첨가되지 않은 시편에 비해 전극 층으로의 산소확산이 감소됨을 확인하였고, 이는 $Tm^{3+}$ 이온의 Ti site 치환에 의해 발생한 산소공공이 Ni 전극과 반응할 수 있는 과잉 산소를 줄여주기 때문으로 판단된다. The doping effect of thulium on electrical properties and degradation behavior in barium titanate ceramics ($BaTiO_3$) was investigated in terms of generations of core-shell structure and micro-chemical changes through highly accelerated degradation test. The dielectric specimens of pellet type and multi-layered sheets were prepared by using $BaTiO_3$ with undoped and doped with 1 mol% $Tm_2O_3$. The $BaTiO_3$ ceramics doped with 1 mol% $Tm_2O_3$ had 40% higher dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}$ = 2700) than that of the undoped $BaTiO_3$ specimen at curie temperature and met X7R specification. According to the result of highly accelerated degradation test conducted at $150^{\circ}C$, 70 V, and 24 hr, the oxygen diffusion was declined in dielectrics doped with 1 mol% $Tm_2O_3$. The $Tm^{3+}$ ion substituted selectively Ba site and Ti site and contributed to the generation of the core-shell structure. Oxygen vacancies occurred by substitution for Ti site could reduce excess oxygen that reacted to the Ni electrode.

Tm³+과 Nd³+ 이온이 도핑된 유리세라믹의 형광특성과 에너지 전달

송수아,김동선,이진호,임기수,장민호,조용훈 한국물리학회 2014 새물리 Vol.64 No.5

We synthesized oxyfluoride glass-ceramics containing CaF₂nanocrystals doped with Tm³+ and Nd³+ ions and conducted a spectroscopic investigation of the energy transfer between doped ions. The emission intensity was improved in the glass ceramics due to the CaF₂ nanocrystals. Energy transfers between Tm³+ ions and from Tm³+ to Nd³+ ions were investigated by exciting Tm³+-doped and Tm³+/Nd³+-codoped glass ceramics at 470 nm and by using excitation spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence of Tm$^{\mathrm{3+}}$ ions at 650 nm and Nd³+ ions at 670 nm. We also confirmed the energy transfer from the ^{3}H_{4} level of Tm^{3+} ions to the ^{4}F_{5/2} level of Nd³+ ions in the emission spectrum. 산소불화 유리에 Tm³+이온과 Nd³+이온을 도핑하고 적절한 열처리를 통해 CaF³+ 결정이 내부에 형성된 유리세라믹을 제조하고 도핑이온들의 에너지 전달과정을 분광분석을 통해 조사하였다 CaF³+ 나노 결정으로 인해 형광효율이 현저하게 향상하였다 470 nm 에서 여기하여 Tm³+이온과 Tm이온간의 에너지 전달과 Tm³+이온으로부터 Nd³+이온으로의 에너지 전달을 650 nm에서의 Tm^{3+} 이온 형광과670 nm 에서의 Nd³+이온의 형광의 여기 스펙트럼과 시분해 형광스펙트럼 분석을 통해 연구하였다 또한 형광스펙트럼 분석을 통해 Tm이온의 ^{3}H_{4} 준위로부터 Nd³+이온의 ^{4}F_{5/2}준위로의 에너지전달의 존재를 확인하였다.

자동 응고 분석기 CA-1500^TM과 CA-7000^TM의 평가

이용화,장철웅,임미선,임병진,이유경 대한임상검사정도관리학회 2001 臨床檢査와 精度管理 Vol.23 No.2

배경: 혈액 응고 검사의 기본 검사인 prothrombin time (PT)과 activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)은 사용 기기와 시약이 다양하고 그에 따른 검사 결과의 차이도 크므로 각 검사실은 그에 적합한 기기 도입 및 지속적인 정도 관리가 필수적이다. 최근에 개발되어 국내에 도입된 자동 응고 측정기인 Sysmex사의 CA-1500^TM과 CA-7000^TM은 응고법, 발색기질법과 비탁 면역법 등의 원리가 통합되어 동시 다항목 검사가 가능한 기기로서 분석 능력 및 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다.<br> 방법: PT와 aPPT 측정에는 각각 Thromborel® S (Lot No. 505538, ISI 0.99, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany)와 Actin®FS (Lot No. 527224, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany)를 사용하였다. 자가 제조한 정상 혼주 혈장, Ci-Trol® Level 1 (Lot No. 528146, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany) 및 Ci-Trol® Level 2 (Lot No. 528222, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany)를 이용하여 정밀도를 구하였고 26개의 PT 검체와 23개의 aPTT 검체를 이용하여 CA-1500^TM과 CA-7000^TM간의 상관성을 검정하였으며 혈액 응고 인자 결핍 혈장의 PT 및 aPTT를 측정하여 검출 한계를 정하였다. 헤파린이 혼합된 정상 혼주 혈장의 aPTT를 측정하여 헤파린 민감도를 분석하였다.<br> 결과: CA-1500^TM과 CA-7000^TM에서 측정된 Ci-Trol® Level 2에 대한 PT의 총 정밀도를 제외한 나머지 검사내 정밀도와 총 정밀도는 변이계수가 5%이하로 양호하였다. 두 기기간 상관성은 PT와 aPTT 모두 상관계수가 0.99로 매우 높은 상관성을 보였으며 CA-1500^TM으로 측정한 PT의 제 7 혈액 응고 인자 결핍에 대한 검출 한계는 38%이었고 aPTT의 제 8, 제 9 혈액응고 인자 결핍의 검출 한계는 각각 32%와 42%이었다. aPTT의 헤파린에 대한 민감도는 두 기기가 유사한 결과를 보였다.<br> 결론: CA-1500^TM과 CA-7000^TM은 동시 다항목 검사가 가능한 자동 응고 분석기로서 정밀도, 상관성, 혈액 응고 인자 결핍 혈장 및 헤파린에 대한 민감도 등의 분석 능력이 매우 우수하며 고속의 검체 처리가 가능하므로 기존의 기기를 교체하거나 새로 도입하기에 매우 유용한 기기로 사료되었다. Background: Currently, many types of coagulation analyzers and reagents for measurement of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) have been developed and used. Remarkable differences of laboratory results in different analyzers can be diminished by continuous management of quality assurance based on optimal application of analyzer in clinical setting. CA-1500^TM (Sysmex Corporation, Japan) and CA-7000^TM (Sysmex Corporation, Japan) are newly developed, fully automated coagulation analyzers enabling simultaneously multi-parameter random assay for coagulation, chromogenic substrate method, and turbidimetric immunoassay. We evaluated the analytical performances and usefulness of these analyzers.<br> Methods: Thromborel® S (Lot No. 505538, ISI 0.99, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany) and Actin®FS (Lot No. 527224, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany) were used for measurement of PT and aPPT, respectively. We evaluated the precision of PT and aPPT using pooled normal plasma, Ci-Trol® Level 1 (Lot No. 528146, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany) and Ci-Trol® Level 2 (Lot No. 528222, Dade Behring Corporation GmbH, Germany). Comparison study was performed by comparing the results of CA-1500^TM with those of CA-7000^TM. Detection limits of PT and aPTT for various coagulation factor deficiencies and heparin sensitivities of aPTT were investigated.<br> Results: The coefficients of variation of both within-run and total precision for CA-1500^TM and CA-7000^TM were below 5% except for total precision of PT using Ci-Trol®Level 2. The comparison study indicated good correlation between results of CA-1500^TM and those of CA-7000^TM. With CA-1500^TM, the detection limit of PT for factor Ⅶ deficiency was 38% and those of aPTT for factor Ⅷ, factor Ⅸ deficiency were 32% and 42%, respectively. The sensitivity of aPTT for heparin showed similar results in both analyzers.<br> Conclusions: We concluded that CA-1500^TM and CA-7000^TM offered excellent performances and provided high throughput for routine coagulation tests. Therefore, both analyzers are expected to contribute significantly to increasing efficiency in clinical laboratories.

TM-25659-Induced Activation of FGF21 Level Decreases Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle via GCN2 Pathways

Jung, Jong Gab,Yi, Sang-A,Choi, Sung-E,Kang, Yup,Kim, Tae Ho,Jeon, Ja Young,Bae, Myung Ae,Ahn, Jin Hee,Jeong, Hana,Hwang, Eun Sook,Lee, Kwan-Woo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.12

The TAZ activator 2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(pyridine-3-yl)-3-[2'-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine] (TM-25659) inhibits adipocyte differentiation by interacting with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. 1 TM-25659 was previously shown to decrease weight gain in a high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the effects of TM-25659 remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TM-25659 on skeletal muscle functions in C2 myotubes and C57BL/6J mice. We studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of TM-25659 to palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance in C2 myotubes. TM-25659 improved PA-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in C2 myotubes. In addition, TM-25659 increased FGF21 mRNA expression, protein levels, and FGF21 secretion in C2 myotubes via activation of GCN2 pathways (GCN2-$phosphoelF2{\alpha}$-ATF4 and FGF21). This beneficial effect of TM-25659 was diminished by FGF21 siRNA. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet for 30 weeks. The HF-diet group was randomly divided into two groups for the next 14 days: the HF-diet and HF-diet + TM-25659 groups. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice showed improvements in their fasting blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, and inflammation, but neither body weight nor food intake was affected. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice also exhibited increased expression of both FGF21 mRNA and protein. These data indicate that TM-25659 may be beneficial for treating insulin resistance by inducing FGF21 in models of PA-induced insulin resistance and HF diet-induced insulin resistance.

Monitoring of Rice Growth by RADARSAT and Landsat TM data

Hong, Suk Young,Rim, Sang Kyu 한국농림기상학회 2000 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.2 No.1

The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of RADARSAT and Landsat TM data for the monitoring of rice growth. The relationships between backscatter coefficients(σ^0) of RADARSAT data and digital numbers (DN) of Landsat TM and rice growth parameters were investigated. Radar backscatter coefficients were calculated by calibration process and then compared with rice growth parameters; plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and fresh and dry biomass. When radar backscatter coefficient (σ^0) of rice was expressed as a function of time, it is shown that the increasing trend ranged from -22--20dB to -9--8dB as growth advances. The temporal variation of backscatter coefficient was significant to interpret rice growth. According to the relationship between leaf area index and backscatter coefficient, backscatter coefficient underestimated leaf area index at the beginning of life history and overestimated, at the reproductive stage. The same increasing trend between biomass and backscatter coefficient was shown. From these results, RADARSAT data appear positive to the monitoring of rice growth. Each band of time-series Landsat TM data had a significant trend as a rice crop grows during its life cycle. Spectral indices, NDVI[(TM4-TM3)/(TM4+TM3)] and RVI(TM4/TM2), derived from Landsat TM equivalent bands had the same trend as leaf area index.

MiRNA-206 suppresses PGE2-induced colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targetting TM4SF1

Park, Young ,Ran,Seo, Seung ,Young,Kim, Se ,Lim,Zhu, Shi ,Mao,Chun, Sungkun,Oh, Jung-Mi,Lee, Min ,Ro,Kim, Seong ,Hun,Kim, In ,Hee,Lee, Seung ,Ok,Lee, Soo ,Teik,Kim, Portland Press Ltd. 2018 Bioscience reports Vol.38 No.5

<P>MiRNA (miR)-206 plays a tumor suppressor role in various cancer types. Here, we investigated whether miR-206 is involved in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through the targetting of transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1).</P><P>The effect of PGE2 on growth and apoptosis of CRC cells was evaluated using the MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. TM4SF1 and miR-206 expression levels were determined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in CRC tissues and cell lines. The concentration of PGE2 in the serum of CRC patients and healthy controls was measured with an ELISA kit. A miR-206 or TM4SF1 construct was transfected into cells with PGE2. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion properties. Additionally, a luciferase assay was performed to determine whether TM4SF1 was directly targetted by miR-206.</P><P>We found that miR-206 was down-regulated and TM4SF1 was up-regulated in human CRC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, miR-206 was negatively correlated with TM4SF1 expression. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-206 directly targetted the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of TM4SF1, and TM4SF1 expression was reduced by miR-206 overexpression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, PGE2 significantly suppressed the expression of miR-206 and increased the expression of TM4SF1 in CRC cells. PGE2 induction led to enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-206 decreased CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with control group in PGE2-induced cells, and these effects could be recovered by the overexpression of TM4SF1. Overexpression of miR-206 also suppressed the expression of β-catenin, VEGF, MMP-9, Snail, and Vimentin and enhanced E-cadherin expression in PGE2-induced cells. These results could be reversed by the overexpression of TM4SF1. At last, up-regulation of miR-206 suppressed expression of <I>p</I>-AKT and <I>p</I>-ERK by targetting TM4SF1 in PGE2-induced cells.</P><P>Our results provide further evidence that miR-206 has a protective effect on PGE2-induced colon carcinogenesis.</P>

TM-25659-Induced Activation of FGF21 Level Decreases Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle via GCN2 Pathways

정종갑,이상아,최성이,강엽,김태호,전자영,배명애,안희진,정하나,황은숙,이관우 한국분자세포생물학회 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.12

The TAZ activator 2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(pyridine-3-yl)-3- [2'-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5- b]pyridine] (TM-25659) inhibits adipocyte differentiation by interacting with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. 1 TM-25659 was previously shown to decrease weight gain in a high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the effects of TM-25659 remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TM-25659 on skeletal muscle functions in C2 myotubes and C57BL/6J mice. We studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of TM-25659 to palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance in C2 myotubes. TM-25659 improved PAinduced insulin resistance and inflammation in C2 myotubes. In addition, TM-25659 increased FGF21 mRNA expression, protein levels, and FGF21 secretion in C2 myotubes via activation of GCN2 pathways (GCN2-phosphoeIF2α- ATF4 and FGF21). This beneficial effect of TM-25659 was diminished by FGF21 siRNA. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet for 30 weeks. The HF-diet group was randomly divided into two groups for the next 14 days: the HF-diet and HF-diet + TM-25659 groups. The HF diet + TM-25659- treated mice showed improvements in their fasting blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, and inflammation, but neither body weight nor food intake was affected. The HF diet + TM- 25659-treated mice also exhibited increased expression of both FGF21 mRNA and protein. These data indicate thatTM-25659 may be beneficial for treating insulin resistance by inducing FGF21 in models of PA-induced insulin resistance and HF diet-induced insulin resistance.

Intercomparison of ADC-Lite Images on UAV and TM Simulation Data for Soybean Leaf Area Index Retrieval

Qi Zhang,Zhongbin Su,Guijun Yang,Minghui Wang,Weizheng Shen,Xiaowei Teng,Jinhui Dong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.7

Currently, TM images has a very high practical value and widely used in all aspects of agricultural. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) remote sensing platform mounted ADC-Lite multi-spectral sensor has consistent channels response functions with TM sensor in TM2, TM3 and TM4, demonstrated to compete with TM sensor, due to low operational cost, high operational flexibility, high spatial resolution of imagery (0.018m with flight altitude 50m) and heterogeneity both at time and spatial-scale. In order to make sure whether it has widely used as TM sensor, moreover, the aim of this work is to assess ADC-Lite performance such as its adaptability and practicability. In this paper, ADC-Lite multi-spectral data, ground truth ASD hyperspectral and Leaf area index (LAI) data were acquired in soybean planting area, Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province on September18th, 2015. Since the ADC-Lite has different spatial scales with TM, this paper used TM simulation data transformed by ground truth ASD data, constructed LAI inversion model by empirical model based on two sensors and ground measured data, using 5 vegetation indices: ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjust vegetation index (SAVI), difference vegetation index (DVI) and triangular vegetation index (TVI). Determination coefficient R2, root mean square error (RMSE) and the estimation accuracy (EA) 3 indicators were acquired to assess the model. This work suggests that the established model of ADC-Lite sensor with TM simulation sensor has high consistency in accuracy. NDVI linear regression model derived from both of them presented a strong correlation with ground-measured LAI. It’s preliminarily shown that ADC-Lite images assess soybean LAI is feasible. This is anticipated to have tremendous implications that ADC-Lite can be made supplement for existing satellites, aerial and ground sensing, provide important information for Crop condition monitoring and critical data to support crop maturity, nutrition monitoring and fertilization management.

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetic study of TM-53, a novel transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) modulator

Lee, H.Y.,Kim, N.J.,Lee, Y.M.,Song, J.S.,Bae, M.A.,Ahn, S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2017 Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis Vol.146 No.-

Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is considered an attractive target for osteoporosis, obesity, and muscle regeneration. TM-53, a promising TAZ modulator, was recently introduced, and here, we developed a rapid, precise, and reliable analytical method for TM-53 and characterized its pharmacokinetic properties in rat plasma. The hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap coupled to liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to quantify TM-53. Additionally, TM-53 concentrations in plasma were analyzed, and its pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. Multiple reaction monitoring at m/z 569.4→207.1 showed the most sensitive signals for TM-53, and the linear scope of the standard curve was between 1.5ng/mL and 500ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the quality control samples were <15%, and their accuracies were ranged from 86.2% to 111.0%. Furthermore, the matrix effects, extraction recoveries, and process efficiencies of this analytical method for evaluating TM-53 in rat plasma were 99.1%, 99.9%, and 99.1% respectively. In short- and long-term stability studies, TM-53 showed good stability under frozen conditions, but TM-53 hydrolysis in the plasma matrix was observed following storage at room temperature. This analytical method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic analysis of TM-53 in rat plasma and demonstrated excellent sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and accuracy. These data indicated that this method can be applied for further preclinical studies of TM-53.