Yield, Nutritional Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus on Corncobs Supplemented with Herb Residues

( Zhiqiang Jin ),( Yunling Li ),( Jiahong Ren ),( Nan Qin ) 한국균학회 2018 Mycobiology Vol.46 No.1

Improper disposal of herb residues in China has caused severe problems to the surrounding environment and human safety. Three herb residues, i.e., compound Kushen injection residues (CKI) and part one and part two of Qizhitongluo Capsule residues (QC1 and QC2, respectively), were used for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The effect of the supplementation of corncobs (CC) with different herb residues on yield, nutritional composition, and antioxidant activity of P. ostreatus was investigated. Compared to the control, the higher mycelial growth rate was observed on substrates CC +30% CKI and CC +30% QC1, while the higher yield was obtained from substrates CC +30% QC2 and CC +30% CKI. Moreover, chemical analysis of fruit bodies revealed that the addition of herb residues to CC significantly increased proteins, amino acids, ashes, minerals (Na and Ca), and total phenolic contents but significantly reduced carbohydrates and IC50 values of DPPH radicals. In addition, no heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) were detected in the fruiting bodies harvested from different substrate combinations. These results demonstrated that mixtures of CC with herb residues might be utilized as a novel, practical, and easily available substrate for the cultivation of P. ostreatus, which is beneficial for the effective management of herb residues.

대전 지역 유통 식용 한약재의 잔류농약 실태 연구

김경신 ( Kyoung Shin Kim ),김성구 ( Sung Gu Kim ),임재윤 ( Jae Yeun Lim ),김병수 ( Byoung Soo Kim ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2013 혜화의학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of pesticide on the 41 medicinal herbs in Daejeon area. This study was carried out to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in commercial medicinal herbs for sale of food use in 2012. It was performed using GC/ECD, GC/NPD, HPLC to analyze pesticides residues. Residues of 283 pesticides were analyzed by a simultaneous multiresidue method in 41 medicinal herbs being on sale in Daejeon. The medicinal herbs detected pesticides in 10 of 41 cases, showed a detection rate of 24.39%. The medicinal herbs which exceed the maximum residue limit were five cases as Cnidii Rhizoma, Osterici Radix, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Zizyphi Fructus and Alismatis Rhizoma. And pesticide residue of Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma exceeds the limit standard presented in only medicine use of KFDA. The residual pesticides which had the high detection rate were Chlopyrifos, Tebuconazole and Endosulfan in the detection of medicinal herbs. For further research, standards of Pesticide Residues in medicinal herbs should be added and more research of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs required. And standards of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs should be applied equally as medicines and food.

유통 한약재의 잔류농약 및 잔류이산화황의 함량 분석

김태희,장설,이아름,이아영,최고야,김호경 대한본초학회 2012 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.27 No.6

Objectives: This study was investigated to determine the contents of pesticide residues and sulfur dioxide residues in commercial herbal medicines in Korea. Methods: Chromatographic test was performed on 100 samples consisted with 10 kinds of medicinal plants including improted and domestic products. To establish 19 pesticide residues (DDE, DDD, DDT, Dieldrin, Methoxychlor, BHC isomers, Aldrin, Endosulfan isomers, Endrin, Captan, Procymidone, Chlorpyrifos and Imidacloprid) in commercial herbal medicines, chromatographic equipments were used with the gas chromatography - mass detector and gas chromatography - electron capture detector for qualitative analysis. The imidacloprid analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatograpgy-ultraviolet detector at 270 nm UV wavelength. The contents of sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. All methods were based on notification procedure of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). Results: The residual pesticides were not founded in improted and domestic samples. Among 100 samples, the residues of sulfur dioxide in 73 samples were not detected and 25 samples showed contents in the range of 0 ~ 21.90 mg/kg. The excess samples of MRLs were 2 samples (30 mg/kg to medicinal herbs), Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (Imported product) and the average amount of sulfur dioxide in 2 unsuitable samples were 14.83mg/kg. These samples were found to transgress KFDA regulatory guidance of residual sulfur dioxide. Conclusion: These results are able to use as basic data to improve the reliability and value of commercial medicinal herbs.

향신식물의 잔류농약 실태조사

배호정,김운호,정유정,이유나,문경은,김정선,채경석,이진희,도영숙,최옥경,Bae, Ho-Jeong,Kim, Woon-Ho,Jung, You-Jung,Lee, Yu-Na,Moon, Kyeong-Eun,Kim, Jung-Sun,Chae, Kyung-Suk,Lee, Jin-Hee,Do, Young-Sook,Choi, Ok-Kyung 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.5

This study was conducted to research the status of pesticide residues in a total of 114 herbs and spices obtained from January to October 2020. 341 pesticide residues were analyzed by the multi class pesticide multiresidue methods using GC-MSMS, GC-ECD, GC-NPD, LC-MSMS, LC-PDA, and LC-CAS. As a result of analysis, 36 pesticide residues were found, and detection rate was 31.6%. Of them, seven samples were detected over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and the unsuitable level in pesticide was 6.1%. The herbs and spices exceeding MRLs include coriander (2 times), mint (2 times), basil (once), rosemary (once), and boraye (once). According to an analysis of 341 pesticide residues, 22 pesticides were detected 52 times and 8 pesticides were found to exceed the MRLs. The pesticides exceeding MRLs were ingredients such as etofenprox, flufenoxuron, fluquinconazole, iprodione, lufenuron, paclobutrazol, phenthoate, and spiromesifen. 본 연구는 2020년 1월부터 10월까지 향신식물 114건을 수거하여 잔류농약 실태조사를 실시하였다. GC-MSMS, GC-ECD, GC-NPD, LC-MSMS, LC-PDA, LC-CAS를 이용하여 다종농약 다성분분석법으로 잔류농약 341종을 분석하였다. 조사 결과 36건의 검출이 있었으며 검출률은 31.6%이었다. 이 중 7건은 농약 잔류허용기준을 초과하였으며 부적합률은 6.1%이었다. 농약 잔류허용기준을 초과한 품목은 고수(2건), 민트(2건), 바질(1건), 로즈마리(1건), 서양자초(1건)이었다. 잔류농약 341종을 분석한 결과 22종의 농약 성분이 52회 검출되었고 농약 잔류허용기준을 초과한 성분은 8종이었다. 농약 잔류허용기준을 초과한 성분은 etofenprox, flufenoxuron, fluquinconazole, iprodione, lufenuron, paclobutrazol, phenthoate, spiromesifen 이었다.

국내 유통 향신식물 및 천연향신료의 잔류농약 실태조사

정민기,김현진,성경혜,조현노,정지윤,이서윤,이태하,김진아,박연경 한국농약과학회 2023 농약과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate pesticide residues on herbs and spices. A total of 84 samples were purchased in Busan and online markets from January to October 2022. 84 samples were analyzed for 478 residual pesticides using the multi-residue method of the korean Food Code. The results showed that pesticide residues were detected in 27 samples (32.1%) and out of these, 12 samples (14.3%) exceeded the Maxium Residues Limits (MRLs). Out of the 12 samples exceeded MRLs include 4 samples of Korean mint, 3 samples of mint, a sample of dill, a sample of basil, a sample of Thyme, a sample of Bay leaf and a sample of Chinese Pepper. Of the 12 samples, 19 types of pesticide residues exceeded the MRLs, and 17 of these were unregistered pesticides for herbs and spices. Those pesticides are under Positive List System (PLS). The risk assessment of these 19 pesticide residues that exceeded limits was evaluated using %ADI (the ratio of EDI to ADI), with results ranging from 0.0000% to 0.1089%. It is necessary to educate and supervise herb producers on the appropriate use of pesticides. Also, establishing MRLs on herbs and spices needs to be considered.

인천 지역에 유통 중인 향신식물 및 향신료가공품 잔류농약 안전성 조사

여은영,정승혜,장진섭,권성희,박병규,이수연,박정은,서순재,김정임,김명희,주광식,허명제 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구에서는 시중에 유통 중인 향신식물 및 향신료가 공품의 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 인천광역시 지역의 농산물 도매시장, 대형마트 및 온라인 마켓에서 수거한 향신식 물 및 향신료가공품 112건을 대상으로 다종농약다성분분석 법으로 검사 가능한 잔류농약 400종을 검사하였다. 품목별 수거현황은 허브류(생것) 57건, 허브류(건조) 32건, 향신열매 11건, 향신씨 6건, 기타향신식물 4건, 향신뿌리 2건이며, 허 브류(생것)(50.9%) 및 허브류(건조)(28.6%)로 많은 비중을 차지하였다. 잔류농약은 전체 112건 중 4건이 잔류허용기준 이내로 검출되어 3.6%의 검출률을 보였으며 기준을 초과한 농산물은 13건(11.6%)이었다. 총 11종의 농약성분이 검출되었고 검출된 작물은 바질, 고수, 딜, 레몬밤, 레몬그라스, 민트, 타임, 로즈마리, 카디멈이었다. 향신식물의 잔류농약 검출 결과, 잔류허용기준이 설정되어 있는 농약의 잔류량이 허용기준 이하인 것은 농약 안전사용기준인 농약의 살포량, 살포횟수, 살포시기를 기준에 맞게 사용된 것으로 추측된다. 농약 안전사용기준을 준수하지 않으면 부적합 처리될 가능성이 많아지게 되므로 재배농가들이 농약사용지침을 반드시 준수하도록 지도 감독을 강화해야 할 것이다. 향신식물의 잔류농약 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 잔류허용기준(MRLs) 설정이 필요하다고 판단된다. In this study we investigated pesticide residues on herbs and spices disrtibuted in the Incheon Metropolitan area. A total of 112 samples were purchased from off-line and on-line markets from January to October 2020. In accordance with the implementation of the Positive List System (PLS), the proper usage of pesticides is now being enforced. It is assumed that unregistered pesticides are being used on herbs and spices due to the low number of registered pesticides in the agricultural industry. Pesticide residue levels were not detected in 99 samples but 11 kinds of pesticides in 6 samples (13 times) exceeded the MRLs. The pesticides that were used in accordance with the PLS were Diazinon, Diethofencarb and Pyridalyl. However, unregistered pesticides were on the herbs and spices. Therefore, it is necessary to educate producers of herbs and spices on the appropriate use of pesticides. It is also necessary to establish MRLs on herbs and spices.

한약재 찌꺼기로 제조한 한방보드의 휘발성 성분의 방출 특성

노정관 ( Jeong Kwan Roh ) 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.3

한약재 찌꺼기로 제조한 한방보드로부터 방출되는 향기성분을 Tenax 튜브에 흡착시킨 후 TD GC/MS에 의해 동정하고, 온도에 따른 방출특성을 검토하였다. 한방보드로부터 방출되는 휘발성 물질로는 88종이 동정되었다. 온도별로는 25℃에서 44종, 35℃에서는 55종, 45℃에서는 65종이 검출되었으며, 온도가 상승함에 따라 화합물의 수와 전체피크 면적 모두 증가하였으며, 측정한 모든 온도조건에서 검출된 향기성분은 34종이었다. 25℃에서 검출된 향기성분의 93%, 35℃에서는 92%, 45℃에서는 90%가 Hydrocarbon류의 화합물이었으며, 그 외 Ether류가 약 4%, Ketone, Aldehyde, Acid류의 물질이 소량 검출되었다. Hydrocarbons에는 17종, 11%가 monoterpenes이며, 80%, 39종이sesquiterpenes이었다. monoterpenes에는 limonene이 가장 많이 검출되었으며, sesquiterpene류의 주요 향기 물질로는 α-curcumene, zingiberene, β-elemene, β-selinene, α-amorphene, α-copaene이었다. 특히 ether화합물인 anethole (3.26%)이 모든 온도에서 비교적 많이 검출되었다. 이상의 결과에서 한약재 찌꺼기로 제조한 한방보드에는 다양한 종류의 향기성분이 다량 포함되어 있으며, 향기성분을 활용한 다양한 제품의 제조에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Medicine herb residues boards were manufactured by using medicine herb residues, and emission properties of volatile compounds from boards were examined under various temperature conditions. The volatile compounds were identified with analysis of TD GC/MS by absorbing their flavor components in Tenax tubes. Total 88 volatile compounds were identified from the board. The number of identified compounds at temperature conditions of 25℃, 35℃, and 45℃ were 44, 55, and 65 kinds, respectively. The number of volatile compounds and the total peak area tended to increase with an increase in the temperature. The number of the flavor components detected in all temperature conditions were 34 kinds. Hydrocarbon compounds showed 93% of the detected flavor compounds at 25℃, 92% at 35℃, and 90% at 45℃. Ether compounds accounted for 4% and ketone, aldehyde, and acid-type compounds were detected in a small quantity. The hydrocarbons were composed of 17 kinds of monoterpenes and 39 kinds of sesquiterpenes, which accounted for 11% and 80%, respectively. The most detected compound of monoterpene was limonene, and the major flavor components of sesquiterpenes were α-curcumene, zingiberene, β-elemene, β -selinene, α-amorphene, and α-copaene. Anethole (3.26%) known for ether compounds was detected considerably in all temperature conditions. The results suggest that the manufactured medicine herb residues board include various types of flavor compounds and the flavor compounds might be useful for the manufacture of various products.

광주지역 유통 한약재의 유해물질 잔류실태조사

이향희,서정미,오무술,강인숙,서계원,하동룡,김은선,박종진 한국식품위생안전성학회 2010 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of harmful materials on the 153 commercial medical herbs in Gwangju area. It was performed using the GC-ECD, GC-NPD, GC-MSD and the LC-UVD,LC-FLD, LC-MSD to analyze 200 pesticides. The heavy metals were determined using a Mercury analyzer and AAS. The sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. The residual pesticides were detected in 7samples, and were over MRLs (Maximum Risk Levels) in 2 samples (1.3%). The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) were Pb, 0.570; Cd, 0.081; As, 0.082; Hg, 0.0093. The measured values of Pb, As, Hg showed within MRLs. The excess samples of MRLs were 3 samples (changchul 2, cheongung 1) on Cd. The sulfur dioxides were over MRLs in 7 samples (4.6%), hwanggi and gugija. These results will be used to establish on the regulation of commercial medical herbs in Gwangju area.

한약 탕제 부산물 첨가사료가 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)의 성장과 체조성에 미치는 영향

정관식 ( Jeong Gwan Sig ),지승철 ( Ji Seung Cheol ),주용석 ( Ju Yong Seog ) 한국수산과학회 2003 한국수산과학회지 Vol.36 No.6

N/A This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary medicinal herb residues (MHR) on the growth and body composition of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Two replicate groups of olive flounder with initial mean body weight of 18.7±0.3g were fed 8:2 (raw fish and commercial compound meal ratio)MP diet containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% MHR for 7 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency increased in the 5% and 10% group as compared to the control group, whereas they decreased in the 15% and 20% groups. Moisture, crude protein, and crude ash content of the whole body were not significantly different between experimental groups, whereas crude lipid content of the 5% and 10% groups were significantly higher than that of the 10% and 20% groups. The results indicate that the addition of 5% and 10% MHR in 8:2 MP diet can improve growth and feed efficiency, but addition of more than 15% were not effective.

GC-MSD를 이용한 유통 한약재의 잔류농약 모니터링

이아름,김태희,장설,이아영,최고야,김호경 한약정보연구회 2014 한약정보연구회지 Vol.2 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the pesticide residues in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2013. Among a total of 105 samples of 10 different kinds of herbs, 65 samples (10 Kinds) were domestic, and 40 samples (9 Kinds) were imported. To establish pesticide residues (Aldrin, BHC isomer, DDD, DDE, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin) in commercial herbal medicines, chromatographic equipment was used with the gas chromatography-mass detector for qualitative analysis. The residual pesticides were not founded in both imported and domestic samples.