욥의 집-성서의 욥기와 바빌로니안 욥(Ludlul bēl nēmeqi, “내가 지혜의 주를 찬양하리라.”)에 나타난 고난과 축복의 장소로서의 집에 대한 비교 연구

정영아(Young-A Jung) 한국신학정보연구원 2009 Canon&Culture Vol.7 No.1

욥기 에필로그에서 “욥의 집”은 한 때 완전히 망했던 장소에서 다시 회복이 이루어진 장소로 등장한다. 하나님과 욥 사이 대화가 결정적인 변화 요인으로 보이며, 하나님께서는 ‘욥의 얼굴을 드신다.’ 그러자 그의 전 생애가 바뀌는 역사가 일어나게 된다. 욥기 전체를 통해서 욥의 집은 그가 받은 고난과 축복의 구체적인 장소가 된다. 이곳에서 욥은 하나님의 놀라운 역사를 경험하고 또한 그의 회복이 이루어지는 장소적 배경이 된다. 그의 집에서 탄식이 극복되었고, 그곳에서 하나님의 행사가 모두에게 드러났고 그가 아는 모든 이들이 와서 위로를 해준다. 수메르어 ‘에’(E)와 같이 아카드어 ‘비투’[b?tu(m)]는 다양한 의미를 지니고 있다. “집, 거하는 곳, 처소, 부동산, 무덤, 지역, 가족, 가계 등”. 히브리어에서 집(???)은 고대 근동의 그것과 같은 어근을 가지고 있다. 고대 메소포타미아에서 그리고 특별히 구약에서 당시 사람들은 사람과 그의 집 사이에 밀접한 관계가 있다고 믿었다. 예를 들어 어떤 사람이 죄를 지으면 신의 심판이 그의 모든 집에 임하였다. 욥은 그의 탄식 가운데 자신의 집이 무덤(???)과 같이 되었다고 탄식하고 있다(욥17:13-14). 메소포타미아 우르 제3 왕조 이래 문학작품에서는 ‘고난 받는 의인’ 에 대한 문제를 다루고 있는데, “한 사람과 그의 신”이란 소위 “수메르 욥”이라 일컫는 작품과 “바빌로니안 욥”이라 불리우는 “루들룰 벨 네메끼”(ludlul b?l n?meqi, 내가 지혜의 주를 찬양하리라)에서 우리는 욥기를 이해하는 데 중요한 몇 가지 정보들을 얻는다. 다른 누구도 아닌 하나님 자신이 그를 고난당하게 하신다. 자신의 탄식의 절정에서 욥은 “그의 손이 내 신음 위에 무겁도다(??? ???? ???????)”(욥 23:2b)라고 말한다. 바빌로니안 욥에서도 이와 같은 표현을 찾아 볼 수 있다. “그의 손이 내 위에 무거우니, 내가 견딜 수 없도다”(kab-ta-at q?t-su ul a-li-‘-I na-?a-?a, in ludlul b?l n?meqi Tablet III Zeile 1). 욥기 전체에서 언급되는 ‘욥의 집’ 연구로 더 나아가 메소포타미아의 문학작품들과 비교하여 우리는 욥기 내에서 한 사람의 집과 연관되어 이루어지는 하나님의 역사하심을 재발견하게 된다. 죽음에서 생명으로 옮겨지는 큰 변화의 장소인 욥의 집, 전에 무덤과 같던 욥의 집이 이제는 하나님의 행사를 알리는 축제의 장소로 바뀌게 된다. In the epilogue of the Book Job, the “House of Job” which was once completely desolated place appears as a restored place. The communication between God and Job is the decisive factor in the whole story. God “raised Job’s face” and changed his whole life. Along the whole book of Job, the House of Job reflects the concrete shape of blessing and suffering of Job. In this place, Job experienced a tremendous touch of God, and His restoration and blessing as well. There, Job overcomes his lamentation; in there, God’s doing is revealed and a public consolation from all his acquaintances took place. Like the sumerian E, the akkadian b?tu(m) has variolous meanings: “house, dwelling place, shelter, estate, tomb, place, area, region, household, family etc.” The hebrew word for ‘house (???)’ has the same etymology. In ancient Mesopotamia and especially in the Old Testament, they believed that there’s a solidarity between a person and his house: If a man commits a sin, there must be a divine punishment upon his whole house. In his lamentation, Job described his house as a tomb(???)(Job 17:14). Even though Job constantly claimed his innocence, he knew God allowed him such sufferings. Since the Ur III dynasty in mesopotamia, in literature they raised questions about the problem of the “righteous sufferer.” So-called “Sumerian Job” which is entitled “a man and his god” and “Babylonian Theodicy” or “Babylonian Job”(it’s original title is “ludlul b?l n?meqi”) offer some important information for understanding the book of Job. Nobody but God Himself lets him suffer. In the climax of the lamentation, Job said that “His hand is heavy upon my groaning, ??? ???? ??????? ”(Job 23:2b) and we found same attitude in Babylonian Job when we read the verse, “His hand was heavy upon me, I could not bear it, kab-ta-at q?t-su ul a-li-‘-I na-?a-?a”(ludlul b?l n?meqi Tablet III Zeile 1). When God “lifted Job’s head up”(Job 42:8-9), there was a dramatic transformation. From “death” to “life,” God changed Job’s lot and Job’s house represents a dramatic transformation of this process through the whole book of Job.

A Study on Enterovirus Genotypes in Busan, Korea from 2017 to 2022

Nam-Ho Kim,Young-A Jung,Hyeon-Jeong Kwon,Han-Nwi You,이승주 대한미생물학회 2023 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.53 No.2

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are pathogens that cause a wide variety of clinicalillness such as a hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, skin rash, encephalitis,aseptic meningitis and even death in young children. This study was aimed toinvestigate the prevalence of HEV infection in young children in Busan, Korea andanalyze the various genotypes of enterovirus. We collected the stool, throat swaband cerebrospinal fluid samples from admitted pediatrics from 2017 to 2022. HEV detection and genotype identification were performed by real-time RT-PCRand RT-PCR and phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor-joining methodcompared with reference strains. A total of 1,412 samples were collected and128 cases (9.1%) were detected. Based on partial VP1 sequencing, a total 93enterovirus isolates were resolved into 4 genotypes and 18 serotypes; Humanenterovirus A, B, D (HEV-A, B, D) and Rhinovirus. HEV-A is 30 isolates included 7serotypes, HEV-B is 63 isolates included 10 serotypes, HEV-D is 1 isolates included1 serotypes and Rhinovirus is 5 isolated included 3 serotypes. Prevalent serotypewas coxsakievirus A10 in 2017, coxsakievirus B5 in 2018, Echovirus 30 in 2019. Thetemporal distribution of HEV epidemics in Busan showed a remarkable seasonalpattern, from June to September. The genotypes of circulating enteroviruseswere diverse from year to year and most of the sequences circulated in Busanshowed homology with reference sequences in neighboring countries such asChina. Monitoring and genotyping of these enteroviruses will play a role inpreventing the development of serious diseases caused by enteroviruses andgenotype analysis can be used as a basic data for epidemiological studies.

Protective Effects of a Monoclonal Antibody to a Mannose-Binding Protein of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni

A-Young Park,A-Young Kang,Suk-Yul Jung 대한의생명과학회 2018 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.24 No.4

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni is the causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a condition that predominantly occurs in immunocompromised individuals and which is typically fatal. A mannose-binding protein (MBP) among lectins was shown to have strong A. castellanii pathogenic potential when correlated with major virulence proteins. In this study, protective effects were analyzed using the monoclonal antibody to A. culbertsoni MBP by quantification and were also compared with other free-living amoebae. For the amoebial cytotoxicity to the target cell, amoeba trophozoites were incubated with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. For the protective effects of antibodies, amoebae were preincubated with them for 4 h and then added to the target cells. After 24 h, the supernatants were collected and examined for host cell cytotoxicity by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The cytotoxicity of A. culbertsoni to the CHO cells showed about 87.4%. When the monoclonal antibody was pre-incubated with A. culbertsoni, the amoebial cytotoxicity was remarkably decreased as shown at LDH release (1.858 absorbance), which was represented with about 49.9%. Taken together, it suggested that the monoclonal antibody against MBP be important to inhibit the cytotoxicity of A. culbertsoni trophozoites to the target cell. The antibody will be applied into an in vivo functional analysis, which would help to develop therapeutics.

기억력 저하를 호소하는 노인들을 대상으로 INM176를 3개월간 임상시험한 후의 치료성적 및 부작용 평가 보고

김지혜,고선규,고효정,권영아,김성환,김재경,김태은,박재우,서민영,송영란,이인수,김도관 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.2

Objectives : We examined the effects of INM 176 (K-l107) compared with placebo on the cognitive functions of 92 old aged subjects with cognitive impairment. Methods : This was a prospective, 12 week, double-blind, Placebo-controlled clinical trial. The elderly who achieved a score of less than 25 points on the K-MMSE or showed a high risk of Alzheimer's disease from the 7-Minute Neurocognitive Screening Battery were considered to have objective impairment and were selected as subjects for this study. The subjects were randomized to placebo or INM 176 group. The outcome measures were from the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Instrumental Activities ofDaily Living (IADL) and the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) and two kinds of computerized priming tests. After setting the total error score in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive section (ADAS-cog) as the repeated measurement factor, an analysis of variance of the combined factor design was done between the placebo and INM 176 group. Results : The interaction effect of time (pre- and post-trial) and group (placebo and INM 176 group) was significant in the analysis of the ADAS-cog's total error score. The INM 176 group's total error score in the ADAS-cog decreased significantly (p<0.01), whereas the placebo group showed a slight increase. The mean changes in IADL and GDS from baseline scores favored in the INM 176 group than in the placebo group. Outcome changes ofADAS-cog, IADL, KGDS scores during the 12 week clinical trail ofINM 176 and placebo demonstrated favorable responses in the INM176 administered group. Conclusions : This is a preliminary clinical trial result of INM176 as a memory pill. Based on these results, INM176 may be a candidate molecule for the improvement of cognitive functions, including memory, Further clinical trial should demonstrate its efficacy.

A multi-functional polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticle for theranostic applications

Kwon, Hee-Su,Jung, Sung-Geun,Kim, Hae-Yeong,Parker, Stephanie A.,Batt, Carl A.,Kim, Young-Rok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of Materials Chemistry B Vol.2 No.25

<P>Biopolymer-based multi-functional nanoparticles have been developed through a one-step enzymatic polymerization reaction using engineered polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a single chain variable fragment antibody (A33scFv) specific to colon cancer. PHA synthase possesses unique catalytic characteristics, namely covalent catalysis, by which the synthesized polyhydroxybutyrate chain remains covalently attached to the enzyme. The amphiphilic nature of the resulting protein-polymer hybrid gives rise to spontaneous self-assembly into a micellar structure with GFP and A33scFv displayed on the surface (AGPHB nanoparticle). A model compound, Nile red, was loaded into the hydrophobic core of the AGPHB nanoparticle during the polymerization and self-assembly process. The specificity of the fluorescent multi-functional AGPHB nanoparticle towards the colon cancer cell lines SW1222 (A33+) and HT29 (A33−) was confirmed and analysed quantitatively <I>in vitro</I>. This new biological approach provides a simple means of producing nanocarriers with a range of surface functionality and the sizes desired for imaging and targeted drug delivery.</P>

Effects of strobe light stimulation on postnatal developing rat retina

Shin, Jung-a,Jeong, Eojin,Kim, In-Beom,Lee, Hwa-young Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Experimental brain research Vol.232 No.3

<P>The nature and intensity of visual stimuli have changed in recent years because of television and other dynamic light sources. Although light stimuli accompanied by contrast and strength changes are thought to have an influence on visual system development, little information is available on the effects of dynamic light stimuli such as a strobe light on visual system development. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate changes caused by dynamic light stimuli during retinal development. This study used 80 Sprague-Dawley rats. From eye opening (postnatal day 14), half of the rats were maintained on a daily 12-h light/dark cycle (control group) and the remaining animals were raised under a 12-h strobe light (2 Hz)/dark cycle (strobe light-reared group). Morphological analyses and electroretinogram (ERG) were performed at postnatal weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Among retinal neurons, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR, dopaminergic amacrine cells) cells showed marked plastic changes, such as variations in numbers and soma sizes. In whole-mount preparations at 6, 8, and 10 weeks, type I TH-IR cells showed a decreased number and larger somata, while type II TH-IR cells showed an increased number in strobe-reared animals. Functional assessment by scotopic ERG showed that a-wave and b-wave amplitudes increased at 6 and 8 weeks in strobe-reared animals. These results show that exposure to a strobe light during development causes changes in TH-IR cell number and morphology, leading to a disturbance in normal visual functions.</P>

Dependence of the base sequence on the [Cu(2,2′-bipyridine)₂(NO₃)](NO₃)-induced oxidative DNA cleavage probed by linear dichroism

Won, A. Reum,Kim, Raeyeong,Jung, Maeng-Joon,Kim, Seog K.,Lee, Young-Ae Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2018 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.471 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The oxidative DNA cleavage induced by the [Cu(2,2′-bipyridine)<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)]NO<SUB>3</SUB> (Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB>) complex was examined using the linear dichroism (LD) technique. Using this method, the oxidative DNA cleavage by the Fenton mechanism was reported to occur through two sequential first-order reactions. As the Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB> concentration increased, the rate constant of both first order reactions increased, as expected. The activation energy of the second step was estimated to be 0.190 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP>. A similar method was applied for various synthetic polynucleotides. Poly[d(G-C)<SUB>2</SUB>], poly(dG)·poly(dC), and poly(dA)·poly(dT) produced a time-dependent decrease in LD, which could be elucidated by a single component exponential decay. This observation is in contrast to Fenton-type oxidative DNA cleavage. On the other hand, poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] produced a time-dependent decrease in the LD magnitude, which could be elucidated by two sequential first order reactions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB> complex induced oxidative DNA cleavage. </LI> <LI> The cleavage rate constant for synthetic polynucleotides depended on the nature of base sequence. </LI> <LI> Poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] produced the mechanism similar to native DNA. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Decrease in the LD magnitude at 260 nm for poly(dG)·poly(dC) (curve a), poly[d(G-C)<SUB>2</SUB>] (curve b), poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] (curve c), and poly(dA)·poly(dT) (curve d) at 20 °C.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Production of a monoclonal antibody against a mannose-binding protein of <i>Acanthamoeba culbertsoni</i> and its localization

Kang, A-Young,Park, A-Young,Shin, Ho-Joon,Khan, Naveed Ahmed,Maciver, Sutherland K.,Jung, Suk-Yul Elsevier 2018 Experimental parasitology Vol.192 No.-

<P>Amoebae from the genus Acanthamoeba are facultative pathogens of humans and other animals. In humans they most frequently infect the eye causing a sight threatening infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), and also cause an often fatal encephalitis (GAE). A mannose-binding protein (MBP) has been identified as being important for Acanthamoeba infection especially in AK. This lectin has previously been characterized from Acanthamoeba castellanii as consisting of multiple 130 kDa subunits. MBP expression correlates with pathogenic potential and is expressed in a number of Acanthamoeba species. Here we report the purification of a similar lectin from Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and the production of a monoclonal antibody to it. The A. culbertsoni MBP was isolated by affinity chromatography using alpha-D-mannose agarose and has an apparent molecular weight of 83 kDa. The monoclonal antibody is an IgM that is useful in both western blots and immunofluorescence. We expect that this antibody will be useful in the study of the pathology of A. culbertsoni and in its identification in clinical samples.</P>

3T3-L1 지방세포에서 초과 에탄올 추출물의 항비만 효과

이정아 ( Jung A Lee ),박영진 ( Young Jin Park ),정원식 ( Wonsik Jeong ),홍성수 ( Seong Su Hong ),안은경 ( Eun-kyung Ahn ) 한국응용생명화학회 2017 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.60 No.1

본 연구에서는 초과 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로의 분화 연구를 통해 항비만 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 초과 에탄올 추출물에 의한 지방세포 분화 억제 활성 및 지방형성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 3T3-L1지방전구세포에 분화를 유도하면서 추출물을 농도별로 처리하였고, 그 결과 초과 에탄올 추출물은 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로의 분화를 농도에 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 이 같은 활성에 대한 작용기전을 알아보기 위해 지방세포 분화에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ)와 CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), 그리고 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 유전자들의 활성을 확인해 보았다. 실험 결과 초과 에탄올 추출물은 PPARγ와 C/EBPα의 유전자 및 단백질 발현을 유의적으로 감소시켰고 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 adipogenesis marker 유전자들의 발현을 억제 시켰다. 따라서 초과 에탄올 추출물은 지방분화 및 adipogenesis 억제 활성을 통해 항비만 소재로의 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대한다. Amomum tsao-ko used as a traditional oriental herbal medicine, is indigenous to several Asia countries. In this study, we investigated anti-obesity activity of the ethanol extract of Amomum Taso-ko (A. tsao-ko). The ethanol extract of A. tsao-ko inhibited adipocyte differentiation using Oil Red O assay in 3T3-L1 cells. Inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract of A. tsao-ko on adipogenesis was modulated by down-regulation adipogenic transcriptional factor such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and suppressed expression of fatty acid synthase, aP2, and resistin. We demonstrated that A. tsao-ko significantly inhibited adipogenesis and reduced PPARγ and C/EBPα expression in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that A. tsao-ko has an anti-obesity effect by inhibition of adipogenic transcription factor and adipocyte-specific genes in 3T3-L1 cells.

과학적 창의성검사의 타당화

강정하(Jung-Ha Kang),임지영(Ji-Young Lim),김아영(A-Young Kim) 한국영재교육학회 2017 영재와 영재교육 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop a creativity test that measures the potential for creative achievement in the field of science of the middle school students. For this, the researcher has proposed a framework based on the confluence approaches to the creativity, Creativity Systems Model, Scientific Evolution Systems Model, and the development of creativity. The creativity test (preliminary) has consisted of 3 upper-systems_9 subsystems_20 factors_131 indexes. This has been validated through preliminary implementation and main. With collecting data from 538 students of A middle school in A city, the first test was conducted to examine the indexes quality analysis of creativity test. The main test was conducted to validate creativity test(main) model on B, C, D schools and 1,129 students. Next, 3 upper-systems_9 subsystems_79 indexes model has been fitted for the hypothesis model and the creativity(last) model. Finally, creativity (last) model which has constructed 3 upper-systems_9 subsystems_79 indexes was examined criterion-related validity using a criterion-related test. In conclusion, creativity(last) model was accepted by ‘K-Creativity Test’. 본 연구는 과학에 관심 있는 중학생의 창의적 특성을 측정하여 세계 과학자로의 성장가 능성을 예측하는 자기보고식 창의성검사 타당화 연구이다. 먼저, 통합적 이론에 기반을 두고 창의성 시스템 모델, 과학적 창의성 진화 모델, 그리고 과학적 창의성 발달 모델 등의 재구성을 통해 새로운 개념틀이 수립되었다. 이를 토대로, 3상부시스템_9하부시스템_20요 인_131문항 모형의 창의성검사(예비척도)가 조직되었다. 이를 활용한 예비검사 실시로, A 시 소재 A중학교 1, 2, 3학년 538명의 자료를 수집하여, 창의성검사(예비척도)에 대한 문항 양호도 검증이 진행되었다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 3상부시스템_9하부시스템_86문항 모형의 창의성검사(본척도)가 재조직되었다. 재조직한 검사를 활용한 본검사 실시로, B, C, D 시 소재 B, C, D 중학교 1, 2, 3학년 1,129명의 자료를 수집하여, 창의성검사(본척도)에 대한 모형 적합도가 검증되었다. 결과, 3상부시스템_9하부시스템_79문항 모형이 .81-.92의 신뢰도(Cronbach의 )와 CFI .86-.95, TLI .83-.93, RMSEA .07-.12의 적합도 지수를 나타 냈으며, 이에 대한 이론적 중요성을 종합했을 때, 모형의 요인구조가 적합한 것으로 평가 되었다. 이 모형은 창의성검사(최종척도)로 채택되었고, 준거관련 검사와 .28-.74의 상관을 보여, 적절한 준거관련 타당도를 확보함으로써, 마침내, 3상부시스템_9하부시스템_79문항 모형은 K-창의성검사로 명명, 산출되었다. K-창의성검사는 중학생의 잠재력 측정을 위한 자기보고식 특성검사로, 변화와 도전을 모색하는 창의적 성취에 준거를 둠으로써 학생들의 미래 성장가능성을 예측하는데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.