작업장 누적소음 노출과 혈압과의 관련성

이상윤, 김재용*, 임형준, 윤기정, 최홍렬*, 고상백**, 강대희, 조수헌 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

목적 : 작업장에서의 누적소음노출값과 혈압의 변화 사이의 관계를 관찰하기 위한 단면 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 소음발생 제조업체의 남성근로자 중 건강진단 자료, 설문지 자료, 인사기록이 모두 갖추어진 852명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 작업장 소음측정값은 34개 지점에서 측정된 작업환경 측정 보고서 값을 사용하였고, 혈압은 건강진단시 측정한 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압 각각의 평균을 이용하였다. 가능한 교란변수들을 건강진단시 설문조사를 통하여 조사하였다. 근로자의 근무기간과 근무했던 작업부서의 소음노출값을 이용하여 누적소음노출값을 추정하였고, 이에 따라 전체 연구대상 근로자를 저소음노출군, 중등도소음노출군, 고소음노출군, 과다소음노출군으로 구분하였다. 누적소음노출값으로 구분한 소음노출군 사이에 평균 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압의 차이가 있는 지를 나이, 비만도지수, 혈중 콜레스테롤값, 고혈압의 가족력, 흡연력, 음주력 등의 가능한 교란변수들의 영향을 통제한 상태에서 비교하였다. 결과 : 가능한 교란변수들을 보정한 상태에서 저소음노출군에서 과다소음노출군으로 갈수록 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압의 증가가 있는지를 관찰하기 위해 일반선형모델을 이용하여 분석하였을 때, 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압 모두 소음노출군이 혈압 변화의 유의한 설명변수였고, 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압 모두 저소음노출군에 비해 과다소음노출군이 각각 2.1 mmHg, 2.7 mmHg 만큼 높았다. 결론 : 이는 만성적으로 누적된 고소음에의 노출로 인하여 혈압 상승의 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. Objectives : The association of workplace cumulative noise exposure and blood pressure was investigated in this study using cross-sectional design. Methods : The study population comprised 852 manufacturing male workers of whom occupational health examination data, questionnaire and personnel records were available. Workplace ambient noise monitoring data was used for calculating individual cumulative noise exposure level. Mean of each systolic and diastolic blood pressure of occupational health examination data was used for individual systolic and diastolic blood pressure level. Possible confounding variables including family history of hypertension, smoking habit, alcohol drinking habit were collected by questionnaire. On the basis of job location and duration of work at the location, a cumulatlve time-weighted average noise level was calculated for each workers. According to this cumulative noise exposure level, each study subject was categorized as low noise exposure group, moderate noise exposure group, high noise exposure group, very high noise exposure group. Among noise exposure groups, mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was compared after adjusting possible confounding variables such as age, body mass index, serum cholesterol level, family history of hypertension, smoking history, alcohol drinking habit. Results : After adjusting possible confounding variables, noise exposure group was signnificant explanatory variables for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of very high exposure group was higher than that of low exposure group. Conclusions : These findings suggested that the high cumulative noise exposure might elevate the blood pressure.

요골동맥을 이용한 관동맥 조영술의 유용성

윤정한,이승환,이한요,김장영,김일회,최윤종,이형준,이명옥,김승년,황성오,홍인수,최경훈 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.10

제조업 근로자에서 직무 스트레스가 자율 신경계 활성도에 미치는 영향

윤기정,하미나,김재용,이상윤,임형준,신애선,황승식,김정수,강대희,조수헌 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.3

목적 : 자율신경계 활성도와 직무 스트레스와의 연관성을 구명하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 직무 스트레스에 의한 심혈관계 질환 발생의 주요 기전으로 자율 신경계 활성도, 특히 교감신경계의 활성화가 기존의 연구에서 제시되고 이는 바, 이러한 자율신경계 활성도를 생리학적 지표(심박수 변동성; Heart rate variability, HRV) 및 생체시료(요중 카테콜아민)를 이용하여 정량적으로 평가하고 이들의 수준과 직무 스트레스와의 연관성을 구명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법 : 천안시 소재 제조업체의 생산직 남성 근로자 145명을 대상으로 하여 단면연구를 실시하였다. 연구 대상자들은 동일한 근무조건(4조 3교대)로 한정하였다. 직무스트레스는 '직무 만족도 설문조사(Karasek's Job Conten Questionnaire, JCQ)'를 이용하여 평가하였고, 자율신경계 기능은 심박수 변동성과 요중 카테콜아민(에피네프린, 노에피네프린, 도파민)을로 평가하였다. 시료 수집 및 심박수 변동성 측정은 자율신경계의 일주기 리듬을 고려하여 각 연구 대상자들에게 각 교대근무대별로 각각 3회 반복 측정하였다. 직무 만족도 설문조사(49문항)와 함께 인구학적 사항, 직업력, 과거병력, 흡연, 음주력 등에 대한 자기 기입식 설문조사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 직무 만족도 설문조사에 의해 평가된 직무 스트레스 수준을 직무긴장모형(job strain model)에 의한 4개 집단으로 나누었을 때 연구 대상자들은 저긴장 집단(low strain) 24명, 고긴장 집단(high strain) 32명, 수동적 집단 65명, 능동적 집단 20명으로 분포하였다. 직무긴장모형 4개 집단간의 심박수 변동성 및 요중 카테콜아민의 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 심박수 변동성중 특히 심혈관계 질환의 주요 기전으로 제시되는 교감신경계의 활성을 나타내는 저주파 변동성도 4개 집단간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p-value=0.71). 하지만, 직무기간을 사분위수로 나눈 후 직무 기간이 가장 짧은 군(직무기간<48.5개월, N=28)을 대상으로, 직무긴장모형의 4개 집단간의 저주파 변동성(교감신경 활성도 지시) 차이 비교를 위해 일원분산분석을 시행한 결과 집단-간(between group) 동질성검정이 p-값 0.092의 유의확률을 나타내었다. 결론 : 자율신경계 활성도, 특히 심박수 변동성을 이용한 정량적 평가를 통해 직무 스트레스와의 연관성을 평가한 연구라는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. 제한적이긴 하지만, 근무기간이 짧은 군에서 저긴장 집단과 고긴장 집단간의 저주파 변동성의 차이를 보여 심박수 변동성이 잠재적인 생리적 지표가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between autonomic nerve activity (i.e., heart rate variability and urinary catecholamines) and job stress. Methods: The study was conducted on 134 workers from a company producing consumer goods (i.e., diaper, paper towel) located in Cheonan, Korea. Job stress was assessed by Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Autonomic function was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) and urinary catecholamines (eponephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine). Urine samplings, and measurings of HRV, were repeated three times for each shift. Information on demographic characteristics, previous job histories, past medical history, smoking and drinking were also collected. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in ant HRV and urinary catecholamines among the four groups, which were categorized by the Job Strain Model. When data were stratified by work duration, low field HRV was borderline sigificantly higher in the high strain group in individuals with a sgorter work duration (<48.5 months, N=28, p-value of 0.92 by analysis of variance). Conclusions: Neither HRV nor urinary catecholamines are significantly associated with job stress, as assessed by the Karasek's JCQ. However, HRV seems to be a potential physiological incicator of jov stress only in the workers with a shorter work duration.

머리염색이 인체에 미치는 영향

윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.

HBeAg 양성인 만성 간염에서 라미부딘 치료전 HBV Core Promoter 서열이 약제내성 발생에 미치는 영향

윤영근,김연수 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

<Background> Lamivudine is a potent inhibitor of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of HBV. However its efficacy is limited by emergence of drug-resistant mutant. Mutation of HBV core promoter (CP, T1762 and A1764) is known to be associated with the reduction of transcription of precore mRNA and development of HBeAg-negative phenotype. Therefore, it could be assumed that the CP sequence might influence the responsiveness to antiviral therapy such as lamivudine in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. This study was carried out to find out if pretreatment CP sequences are associated with the development of lamivudine resistance in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. <Method> HBV CP sequences were analysed directly from the pretreatment sera of eight patients in whom high level of HBV DNA breakthrough occurred during the treatment, which were compared to those from eight patients who cleared HBeAg without the breakthrough. HBV polymerase sequences were also analysed in the patients with the breakthrough. <Results> Serum HBV DNA level who had the breakthrough was 2653±1459 pg/mL and 1405 ± 403 pg/mL in the patients who cleared HBeAg. All the patients with DNA breakthrough showed YMDD mutation (4 with Met552Val and Leu528Met and 4 with Met550Ile). Among the patients with the breakthrough, baseline CP sequence was wild type (A1762, G1764) in three, A1762 and A1764 in three, and T1762 and A1764 in two patient. On the other hand, among the patients who cleared HBeAg, seven patients(88%) haboured T1762 and A1764 mutation(p=0.018) at pretreatment period. Remaining one patient had wild type CP (A1762, G1764), however precore mutation(A1896) was found in this patient. <Conclusion> It is likely that emergence of lamivudine-resistant mutant or HBeAg seroconversion is influenced by the baseline HBV CP sequence in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.

A Study on the Miniaturization of a Protective Device for the Micro Smart Grid Simulator

Yun‑Seok Ko,Kyung Ryu,Min‑Soo Oh,Hyuk‑Sik Yoon 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.1

In this paper, a miniaturization methodology of protective devices (PDs) was proposed which plays a key role in evaluating the efectiveness of the developed protection and control algorithms in the micro smart grid simulator. The micro PD was designed to have the rated voltage of 19 V and the breaking current of 20 A, and was designed in a multi-layered hardware structure to satisfy the size of 13×13 cm2 . Also, the micro PD was designed in a multifunctional structure to allow one micro PD to perform all the functions of the circuit breaker, recloser and switches on the micro smart grid simulator to enhance the efciency of development. Finally, it was verifed that the developed micro PD can be applied as protective devices of the micro smart grid simulator by showing that it operates correctly according to the predetermined operation sequence for the test scenarios on the built test system.

Amphetamine 및 Phenethylamine 誘導體의 效果的인 確認 및 分析法에 관한 硏究

李允中,李康春,李東宣,尹汝生,崔点洙 成均館大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Amphetamine and phenethylamine derivatives, methamphetamine, ephedrine and norephedrine react on heating with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2, 1, 3, -oxadiazole (NBD-CI) in alkaline methanolic solution to from highly fluorescent NBD-amine derivatives. The thin-layer chromatographic identification method and fluorometric determination of amphetamine and phenethiylamine derivatives are presented. Reaction conditions are also described with solvent effect on maximum excitation and emision wavelengths and fluorscence intensity of NBD-amine derivatives.

靑小年交友集團의 類型 構造

李潤樹,金鳳韶,安泰潤 경북대학교 1987 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.7 No.-

製劑中 Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride의 Dansyl 誘導體에 依한 螢光分析法 硏究

李允中,李康春,尹汝生,金在鉉,崔点洙 成均館大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

A simple, rapid and sensitive fluorometric assay for phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride was developed based on their interacion with I dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonylchloride(Dansyl chloride) in acetone to yield fluorescent compound, with excitation and emission wavelengths of 350 and 495 nm, respectively. A study of optimum pH, reaction time, temperature and dansyl chloride concentration is presented. Fluorescence is linear the range 1∼7μg phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride per ml of sample. The fluorescence was stable for at least 2 hours. Application of the procedure to the analysis of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in dosage forms gave an accuracy 1∼4%.

敎師의 價置觀에 關한 硏究

金鳳韶,李潤樹,安泰潤 경북대학교 교육대학원 1989 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes and values of teachers and to contribute to the stability of the further educational scene. The subjects of this study were 1,080 secondary school teachers (715 male teachers, 365 femalse teachers). The analysis of the data was based on the survey method by questionnaire. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1. They respond justly to the fact that the life of teaching profession should be happy and they expect to receive the social treatment, wage increase adn the growth of their students. 2. In response to the view of human beings, most of teachers(75.68%) respond to the fact that the nature of human beings are naturally good. Teachers who respond neither good nor bad are 13.61%, and bad are 10.71%. So, it is anxious that how the teachers who respond to the bad nature guide their students in the field of education. 3. In response to the view of nature, teachers who respond to the fact that they should live in the course of nature are 56.4%, teachers who respond that they should follow the nature obediently are 22.6% and should control the nature are 21.4%. 4. In response to the view of others, most of teachers(91.23%) respond that they should coexist with others. Teachers who respond that they should live for others are 7.55% and who respond that they have no relation with others 1.23%. 5. In view of time, present-oriented are 44.77%, future-oriented 52.69% and past-oriented 2.54%. 6. In view of group, home priority are 46.82%, neighbor 26.03%, nation 17.51% and world priority are 9.64%. 7. In response to the attitudes about value structure, teachers who have priority to the traditional value are 10.78%, who have priority to the new value 17.67% and who take ecletic position 71.55%. 8. In the value of life, teachers who respond to truth are 37.66%, belief 33.71%, goodness 14.42%, saint 9.0%, beauty 3.84%, wealth 1.04% and power (political) 0.31%. 9. In the attitude to the change, teachers who wish the progressive change are 80.7%, who wish the revolution 10.64% and who respond conservatively 8.66%. 10. In response to the personal relationship, teachers who respond that they must cooperate with others are 81.33%, self 32.62%, teacher 24.9%, senior 2.75% and the rest 0.6%. 12. In the field of value formation, teachers who respond to home 38.25%, society 32.57%, school 24.26%, job 4.82% and the rest 0.11%. 13. As a quality the teacher should have, it is ordered as follows; specialty 60.83%, love fore education 59.17%, sincerity 52.78%, responsibility 37.68%, harmonical relationship 34.26%, goal awareness 33.61% and ethics 29.26%. Through the realationship 34.26%, goal responses it is suggested as follows. First, the reality that the living standard of teacher group belongs to the low degree cannot help being a matter of urgency with the improvement of educational condition in the solution of the problem of educational reality. Second, teacher group wants to have the life of teaching profession in pleasant environment and to receive social treatment. Also they want the growth of their students, the stability of life with a wage increase and the opportunity of promotion. Understanding these facts, to satisfy the desirable needs of teacher group political attention for education should be given as soon as possible. Finally, it should be noted that in the attitude about the change of teacher group, most of teachers want the progressive change but in the solution of actual problem more than 10% of the whole teacher group want urgent counterplan.