Which Environmental Factors Caused Lammas Shoot Growth of Korean Red Pine?

Lee, Chang-Seok,Song, Hye-Gyung,Kim, Hye-Soo,Lee, Bit-Na-Ra,Pi, Jeong-Hoon,Cho, Yong-Chan,Seol, Eun-Sil,Oh, Woo-Seok,Park, Sung-Ae,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.1

Lammas growth, a rare phenomenon for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), occurred in 2006. Lammas shoots showed higher frequency and longer length in Seoul's hotter urban center than in urban boundary or suburban forest sites. Frequency and length showed a close correlation with urbanization density and vegetation cover expressed in NDVI. Air temperature in the late summer of 2006 was more than $1^{\circ}C$ higher than an average year. Of the predominant environmental signals that modulate bud flush, only temperature changed significantly during the year. Differences in temperature between the urban centers, urban boundaries and suburban forests correlated with varying land-use density. The rise in temperature likely spurred lammas growth of the Korean red pine. Symptoms of climate change are being detected throughout the world, and its consequences will be clearer in the future. Considerate interest in the responses of ecological systems to the variable changes is required to prepare for unforeseeable crises. Monitoring of diverse ecological phenomena at Long Term Ecological Research sites could offer harbingers of change.

Assessment of Aortic Annulus Dimensions for Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Pre-TAVI Planning CT

송민철(Min-Cheol Song),김태은(Tae-Eun Kim),채희창(Hee-Chang Chae),서충범(Choong-Beom Seo),서은희(Eun-Hee Seo),대창민(Chang-Min Dae) 대한CT영상기술학회 2023 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 비후성 심근증 환자의 심장 주기에 따른 대동맥판륜의 형태학적 크기 변화를 측정하여 TAVI planning 3차원 영상처리시 대동맥판륜의 크기 측정 오류와 합병증을 최소화하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 2021년 4월부터 2022년 6월까지 본원을 내원하여 심전도 동조화 기법 TAVI planning CT 검사를 진행한 환자 중 심실중격 두께가 정상인 환자를 대조군 41명(78.92 ± 12.6세, 남성 44%), 비후성 심근증 환자를 실험군 31명(74.92 ± 10.8세, 남성 61%)으로 설정하였다. 심장 주기의 10% 간격으로 영상재구성하여 대동맥판륜의 면적, 둘레, 유효 직경, 면적 기반 직경, 둘레 기반 직경을 측정하여 비교 분석 하였다. 분석 결과, 심장 주기 동안 대동맥판륜의 면적, 둘레, 유효 직경, 면적 기반 직경, 둘레 기반 직경의 상대적인 변화는 각각 27.3%, 10.4%, 11.9% 12.6% 11.1%로 유의한 크기 변화를 나타냈다.(P<0.001) 대조군은 전체 심장 주기 중 수축기에서 대동맥판륜 각 측정인자의 최대값이 나타났으며, 실험군은 전체 심장 주기에서 측정 인자의 최대값이 불규칙적으로 나타났다. 또한 두 그룹 간 심장 주기 동안 대동맥판륜 측정 인자의 최대값 빈도 분포 분석 결과는 유의한 차이를 나타냈다.(P<0.05) TAVI 3차원 영상처리에 있어 비후성 심근증 환자의 경우 전체 심장 주기를 확인하여 대동맥판륜 크기가 가장 큰 심장 주기에서 측정하는 것이 정확한 크기의 인공판막 선택과 추후 합병증을 최소화하는데 큰 기여를 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to minimize the undersizing of aortic annulus size and reduce complications by analysis the size change of aortic annulus during the cardiac cycle in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Patients were prospectively underwent an ECG-gated TAVI Planning CT. Retrospective study was conducted 41 normal group (78.92 ± 12.6 years; 44% males) and 31 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group (74.92 ± 10.8 years; 61% males). The annulus plane was identified on reconstructions at 10% intervals of the cardiac cycle. Based on semi-automatically defined Aortic annulus, area, perimeter, effective diameter, area-derived diameter, perimeter-derived diameter were measured. The area, perimeter, effective diameter, area-derived diameter and perimeterderived diameter were significantly changes during the cardiac cycle with a relative change of 27.3%, 10.4%, 11.9%, 12.6% and 11.1% respectively. (all p < 0.001) During the cardiac cycles of groups normal and Hypertrophic myopathy, aortic annulus showed different dynamic changes. Different group showed a significant difference in the maximum values distribution plot. (p < 0.05) In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, reconstructing the entire cardiac cycle and selecting the largest annulus to TAVI planning is considered to contribute greatly to the accurate selection of the size of prosthesis in the procedure and minimizing TAVI complications.

중・고등학교 음악교사의 직무만족도(Job Satisfaction)에 관한 조사연구 : 서울시 소재 일반계 중・고등학교 음악교사를 대상으로

장선희,송은경 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2002 교과교육학연구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 일반계 중・고등학교 음악교사의 직무만족도를 조사하여 그들의 직무에 대한 만족 및 불만족요인을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 직무만족도 향상에 필요한 요인들을 파악함으로써 음악교사의 직무환경 개선과 음악교육의 질적 향상을 위한 방향을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울시내 11개 교육청이 관할하는 일반계 중・고등학교 음악교사 201명을 대상으로 그들의 배경과 직무실태를 살펴보고, 음악교사의 직무만족도를 개인적 측면(인정지위, 담당직무), 사회관계적 측면(교장 및 교감, 동료교사, 학생, 학부모와의 관계), 환경적 측면(근무환경, 보상체제) 그리고 전문성 신장 측면(연수 및 연구활동, 상위자격 및 학위취득활동)에서의 직무만족도 등 네 가지 측면으로 세분하여 설문조사를 통하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 음악교사의 직무만족도는 5점 척도에서 전체평균 3.03으로 보통보다 만족하는 경향을 보였으며, 네 가지 측면 중 개인적 측면에 대한 직무만족도는 평균 3.48로 가장 높게, 환경적 측면에 대한 직무만족도는 평균 2.50으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 대부분의 음악교사는 전공을 살리면서 학생들을 가르치는 일 자체를 선호하기 때문에 음악교사라는 직업을 선택하였고, 직무환경에 있어서는 교사 1인당 학생수와 주당 수업시수에 불만을 갖고 있었다. 또한 음악교사들은 전공실기와 즉흥연주 그리고 음악교육이론을 가장 중요한 음악적 지식 및 기술영역으로 인식하였고, 전문성 신장을 위해 음악관련서적을 읽고 학회 및 세미나 등에 참여하는 재교육 활동과 그에 따른 재정지원은 부족한 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 하여 볼 때 음악교사의 직무만족에 가장 큰 요인은 음악교육을 통한 학생과의 정서적 교감과 교사로서의 성취감 등이며, 열악한 교육환경과 근무부담 등이 직무만족을 저해하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 학교 및 행정당국은 음악교육환경의 개선과 함께, 잡무부담의 경감 그리고 학교급별로 적정한 주당 수업시수를 정하여 밀도 있는 수업을 진행할 수 있도록 근무여건을 개선하고, 음악교사에 대한 복지 증진을 위한 노력이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 결국, 교사를 위하여 적정한 근무여건을 마련하고 교사로서의 직무에 만족하는 긍정적인 태도를 형성하며, 교사들에게 높은 직무동기를 부여한다면 직무수행 수준의 향상뿐만 아니라 궁극적으로는 학교교육의 발전을 가져올 것으로 기대한다. This study examined the job satisfaction of music teachers at the junior high and senior high schools in Seoul, for reform of working conditions and the improvement of music education. Surveys were conducted of 201 music teachers in randomly selected schools in 11 District Offices of Education in Seoul. Statistical treatment was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for the frequency and percentage of each question, involving t-tests, correlative analysis and One-way ANOVA for four aspects of the individual, social relations, circumstances and professional advancement. This questionnaire was classified both as an object of the study and in job satisfaction. An object of the study was also classified according to personal background and working conditions. And teachers' job satisfaction was measured by examining: (1) the individual (recognition, work itself); (2) social relations (interaction with administrators, colleagues, students and parents of students); (3) circumstances (working condition, salary and the other benefits); and, (4) professional development. The age of the sampled teachers was 40-49' with other demographic characteristics as follows: Most female teachers had between 15 and 19 years of teaching experience, and most male teachers had over 20 years. Teachers were divided almost equally in their responses to the Academic Degrees question. In the sample, 60% had Bachelors Degrees, the rest of them had either Masters Degrees or in were Masters programs. The majority of male teachers were in voice or strings' compared to female teachers who had major in composition, voice, piano and music education. Samples reported negative results for lesson time. In-service education' like seminars, workshops and joining in music organization for their profession, were insufficient. Among the reported positive aspects of teaching were fostering student achievements and building relationships with students. In conclusion, we ought to improve teacher job satisfaction by systematic planning to effect and enhance teachers’job satisfaction. Teacher-educational programs are needed to develop professionalism among teachers. Administrators may be able to use the model to identify potential teacher dissatisfaction and related variables' and to change or modify working conditions that may influence teachers' job satisfaction.

내시경적 역행성 췌담관조영술중 췌선방 조영 후 발생한 중증 췌장염 1예

장세중,기승석,김훈일,신혜영,박장원,송은훈,태재웅 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

내시경적 역행성 담췌관조영술 후 발생한 급성췌장염의 발생인자로 여러 가지 인자들이 관여하지만 특히 담췌관조영술 시행 후 과도한 췌선방 조영화에 의한 중증의 췌장염 증례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been considered as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of disease of the pancreas and biliary tree. Post-ERCP pancreatitis is the most frequent and clinically significant complication following ERCP. But a few complication associated with this procedure are unforeseeable. Specially, acinarization as a result of a careless cooperation between operator and assistant may be influenced in complications of ERCP. Severe post-ERCP pancreatitis is rare complication, and its prognosis will be poor. Therefore, careful process and good relationship between operator and assistant in ERCP may be prevented this complication, but is not clear. Neglect of acinarization may be resulted in more aggravation of pancreatitis. We have cared for one patient with severe post-ERCP pancreatitis with pseudocyst after water-soluble contrast media spreading into the acini (acinarization) via ERCP in resolving phase idiopathic pancreatitis.

음절 모델을 이용한 단어인식

송은석,김창석 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This paper is proposed word recognition use connected syllable. This proposed method is able to large-scale word recognition using a few syllables model. Syllable model is made by HMM Word model is made by null transition using concatenation syllable model and syllable model. Feature extraction of speech signal is LPC coefficients. LPC coefficients are obtained by FRLS algorithm Differenced LPC cepstrum coefficients are converted LPC coefficients. Speech recognition parameters are using differenced LPC cepstrum coefficients because these coefficients are separate speech source and vocal tract spectrum. The vector quantization codebook is made by using the LBG algorithm. The training procedure of the HMM uses Viterbi and Baum-We1ch algorithms, and the recognizing procedure use forward algorithm. Experiment recognition results of the proposed method is able to large-scale word recognition using a few syllables model with null transition.

광양항 컨테이너부두 배후부지 개발방향과 활성화방안

송성헌,김우제,장은령,이정욱 한국로지스틱스학회 1998 로지스틱스연구 Vol.6 No.2

이 논문의 목적은 광양항 컨테이너부두 배후부지의 개발방향과 활성화 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 우선, 배후부지의 개발과 운영에 관련된 계획, 법규 및 국내외 사례를 검토한 후, 배후부지 유치대상 기능과 주요시설을 규명하고, 개발 기본구상도와 단계별 개발계획안을 제시한다. 배후부지 개발사업의 활성화를 위해 정부의 정책적 지원방안 및 관련조직간의 협조방안과 배후부지 입주업체의 유치방안을 제시한다. 아울러 배후부지 개발의 기대효과 및 최근 경제상황에 따른 건의사항을 제시한다. In this paper we try to make suggestions for the development and promotion for the hinterland of the Kwangyang container port. First, we investigated the development plan, the law and several cases related to the development and operation of the port hinterland. Then we propose a scheme to develop the hinterland and define major functions and facilities for the hinterland. For the promotion of the hinterland, we suggest several roles of the government organizations to activate functions of the hinterland and ideas to attract customers. Finally, we suggest an expected effect according to the development of the hinterland and propose a proper way of the development considering the recent Korean economic situation.

간호사의 이직의도 구조모형

김창희,양승순,김연자,손연정,유미애,송주은 대한간호학회 간호행정학회 2009 간호행정학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model of nurses' turnover intention. Method: The participants were 716 nurses at 4 university hospitals. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire in 2008 and analyzed using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 4.0 Win program. Results: The fit indices of modified model were x²=285.928(p<.001),x²/df=1.958GFI=0.964, RMSEA=0.037, AGFI=0.944, NFI=0.947, NNFI=0.961, CFI=0.973, PNFI=0.658 and showed high compatibility with the empirical data. In the final model, job stress and satisfaction were found to have significant direct effects on nurses' turnover intention, while organizational culture and emotional labor were very important factors to have indirect effects on turnover intention via job stress and satisfaction. Nurses' turnover intention was accounted for 41.2% of covariance by these factors. Conclusions: Comprehensive nursing interventions for decreasing nurses' turnover intention should be focused on reducing job stress and increasing job satisfaction. Also, Nursing strategy for enhancing positive organizational culture and decreasing emotional labor would be helpful for decreasing nurses' turnover intention, too. Further studies are needed to prospectively conduct to verify these causal relationships with larger sample.

피부미용사의 스트레스와 근골격계 자각 증상과의 관련성

이은희,전선복,이무식,김남송,장문정 한국미용학회 2001 한국미용학회지 Vol.7 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of skin beauty artist's stress to musculoskeletal subjective symptom to identify what factors are related to skin beauty artist's musculoskeletal subjective symptom. The subjects in this study were 211 selected skin beauty artists. A survey was conducted from March 11 to 31, 2001, with standardized self-reporting questionnaire to find out the general characteristics, perceived stress level and musculoskeletal subjective symptom. The findings of this study were as below; l. All the skin beauty artists investigated were female. 110 skin beauty artists (52.1%), more than half them, were highschool graduates, 117(55,5%) were unmarried, and the mean career was 52,74 months(four years and four months). The daily mean working hours were 10.61, and the actual daily mean working hours were 7.94. 2. For health habit. 19(9.0%) skin beauty artists were smoker, which indicated that most of them didn't smoke. 136(64.5%) people, more than half them, drank alcohol, and just 72(34.1%) got exercise. 3. In regard to the relationship of general characteristics to stress, the unmarried group was more stressed as they got a score 69.25(SD 12.45), compared to the married group that got 66.30(SD 11.50). The difference between the two group was significant (p<005). The nondrinking group were more stressed out with 69.42(SD 11.50) than the drinking group with 65.87(SD 12.97). The difference between the two was significant(P<0.05). The group that didn't get exercise were more stressed with 70.17(SD 12.11) than the workout group with 64.26(SD 11.27), and the difference between the two was significant(P<0.05). By career, the group that had worked for 34 months or less were more stressed with 70.47(SD 12.38) than the other group that had worked for more than 35 months with 65.87(SD 11.48). And the difference between the two was significant. 4, As for the correlational relationship between musculoskeletal symptom to relevant variables, stress was positively correlated to musculoskeletal symptom and the pain of neck, shoulder, back, arm, hand, wrist, waist and leg. Their stress had a positive correlational relationship with the symptom in every part. The younger people made more complaint of the symptom of shoulder, back and leg, and those who had worked for less period were more stressed out. The findings of this study suggested that there was a relationship between stress and musculoskeletal subjective symptom. To prevent stress and musculoskeletal subjective symptom, there should be an attempt to ease stress. The break time should be offered regularly during working hours, and amicable human relations should be kept. The right health habit should be formed in daily living, and stretching exercise and health care should be done more thoroughly.

希臘哲學에서의 身體觀에 관한 硏究 : Planton과 Aristoteles를 中心으로

崔昌俊,宋銀燮 군산대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

If we compare Aristotele's view about human body with that of plato's, the latter assumed binary attitudes of soul and body by the view of idealism and conceptualism, and he gave more priority to the soul than to the body. Contrarily, Aristotle assumed the attitude of monism of soul and body to achieve the individual happiness focused on the principle of searching Reason, based on the individual happiness. But, today, the attitudes of Plato's and Aristotele's are contradicted with those of modern education which are to achieve the sound harmony of soul and body. Each of Plato's Philosophical thought and Aristotele's 'harmony and meson' is significant, since the modern educational idea is to achieve the balance of soul and body, although the soul is so much contaminated with mammonism in modern ages. Accordingly, to build the forms of physical education there should be the starting line which includes those ideas of Plato's and Aristotele's, to meet the desirable principles and the philosophy of physical education as well.

양측성 다낭종신 태아의 중반기 중절 1례

손대언,송창훈,한세준,이미자,기근홍 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2

Recently, the use of Ultrasonography as a diagnostic method in detection of fetalanomalies during pregnancy has been increased because of the safety. Many fetal genitourinary anomalies were reported as early as mid trimester by transabdomonal sonography. We experienced a case of bilateral polycystic kidney in 23th months gestatational aged fetus, diagnosed by transabdominal ultrasonography and pathologic authopsy.