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즉시중합 Resin이 구강조직에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구
김창희,Kim, Chang-Whe 대한치과의사협회 1980 대한치과의사협회지 Vol. No.
The auther embedded the clinically differently used direct resins to the oral submucosa of the rabbits, and compared the tissue reactions to the direct resins with that to the indirect resins. The results were as follows: 1. Direct resins showed more lympocytes infiltration than indirect resins at the early stage of the embedding, but the same degree of the appearance of lympocytes infiltration as indirect resin at the late stage of the embedding. And the formation of fibrosis around the embedding showed the irregular finidng. 2. Fibrosis of direct resin showed the tendency to be finer than indirect resin at the early stage of the embedding, but direct resin formed the similar fibers capsule to that of indirect resin at the late stage of the embedding.
수술전 임상등급이 좋은 뇌동맥류의 치료결과와 나쁜 예후의 원인
김창희,허승곤,정남,신문수,이광수 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.4
We analyzed the overall surgical results in 100 patients with intracranial aneurysms operated in Presbyterian. Medical Center during the period from June 1990 to December 1993. Preoperatively, all patients were in Hunt and Hess grades Ⅰ-Ⅲ. Overall outcomes revealed 83 patients(83%) of good outcome. 10 patients(10%) of fair outcome. 3 patients(3%) of poor outcoms. and 4 patients(4%) of dead outcome. The outcome was worse if surgery was performed in the 4 to 10 day post-bleed interval(P<0.05) and there was no statistical difference of the rate of good outcome between the patients operated at 0 to 3 days. and 11 day and more after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In good grade patients. surgical trauma rather than delayed ischemic deficit was considered as the major cause of unfavorable outcome of aneurysm surgery Intermediate period operation increased the chance of postoperative do-layed ischemic deficit Systemic complications and vasospasm were 4he major causes of dead outcome in the oldaged patients.
존 오카다의 『노-노 보이』에 나타난 장애와 냉전 생명정치: 1950년대 미국 사회의 인종과 젠더 장애차별주의
김창희 한국현대영미소설학회 2022 현대영미소설 Vol.29 No.2
This paper explores the affective, material, and relational turns of Japanese-Americans assimilating into the postwar US in the 1950s as a hybridized and diversified multiplicity, or assemblage, of heterogeneous bodies, actors, and materials. Specifically, it aims to investigate how those called no-no boys in John Okada’s 1957 novel No-No Boy strive to or fail to normate, the disability of their bodily and psychological materialities rendered negated in the American fifties. This historical novel depicts different ways in which the second generation of Japanese-American descent returns and assimilates themselves into everyday life as a site of totality where they are subject to racism, heteronormativity, and family ideology. The American 50s is a decade known for the era of conformity, while the fear of nuclear war spread and the Cold War logic of containment and integration prevailed. In Okada’s narrative, no-no-boy Ichiro Yamada is drawn to a desire for a normate American by removing the innate yet no longer tenable Japanese materials from his body, subjectivity, and agency. Thus, the no-no-boy generation attempts material and relational turns for existential survival by adapting to or coalescing into the postwar US assemblage against the backdrop of the Cold War regime of a transpacific American Empire. That said, this paper engages in the materialist approach to Okada’s ableist narrative specific to the material and relational turns of Japanese America to normate the negated materiality of its Japaneseness, which belongs to neither America nor Japan. Through this, this study traces how the Japanese American body co-opts the eugenic ideology of ableism of the day to achieve the “point of wholeness and belonging” in the unique blending in America of history, ideology, and memory during the 1950s.
장외파생상품거래의 조기종료에 따른 정산금 산정에 관한 연구
김창희 법무부 2015 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.69
The ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association) Master Agreement (“Master Agreement”) is often concluded between OTC (Over-the-counter) derivatives market participants prior to individual transactions. According to the Master Agreement, specific events including the Events of Default, Illegality, and other events triggering termination can lead the accelerated termination of all the transactions between the parties. In this situation, a party is authorized to determine the Settlement Amount, which is the sum owing to the counter-party or owed by the counter-party. The aim of this research is to consider the issues in order to help dispute settlements over Settlement Amount determination. First, the study reviews the two methods, Market Quotation (MQ) and Loss, of calculating Settlement Amounts under the Master Agreement by way of examples. To explain Market Quotation method, the example of currency option contract is selected because of its familiarity with the KIKO (Knock-In Knock-Out) contracts. As to the Loss method, a case between a Korean security corporation and Rehman Brothers Commercial Corp. Asia is examined. The former example mainly deals with how MQ reflects the present value of the transection. In the latter, the process how funding costs are calculated is explained in details. Second, after reviewing major issues in cases of Korean and the UK, the paper is concluded as follows: (1) Even if there is an agreed method of determining Settlement Amounts, if the result calculated by the method is not commercially reasonable, the parties may disregard the agreed method and select other reasonable method; (2) In the costs of terminating hedge which can be included in Settlement Amounts the loss incurred by drop in value of hedge position should not be included, but administration costs and the cost of bid-offer spread should be (included); (3) While the MQ method may reflect the credit standing of the determining party, the Loss method should not reflect the non-defaulting party’s credit worthiness. (4) The funding costs should be included in the Loss, if the unexpected early termination of transactions lays a new burden on and generates new costs to non-defaulting party. In addition, the paper reviewed the changes in the ISDA 2002 Master Agreement. 장외파생상품거래를 하는 당사자들 사이에서 ISDA 기본계약을 미리 체결해 두는 경우가 많다. 기본계약에는 특정 사유가 발생하는 경우 기본계약에 따라 진행되는 모든 거래를 한꺼번에 조기종료시키는 규정이 있다. 모든 거래가 조기종료되면 계산권한 있는 당사자가 거래별로 종료시점을 기준으로 상대방에게 지급하거나 상대방으로부터 지급받을 금액을 결정하도록 되어 있다. 이 연구는 장외파생상품거래의 조기종료시 정산금 결정과 관련된 쟁점들을 정리하고 논평함으로써 분쟁의 예방과 해결을 도울 목적으로 이루어졌다. 이 연구에서는 먼저 정산금을 산정하는 두 방식에 관하여 기본계약에서 추상적으로 표현된 조항을 구체화시켜 설명하였다. Market quotation 방식에 관하여는, 키코사건으로 우리에게 익숙한 통화옵션계약의 가상적 사례를 통하여 시장호가금액이 어떻게 형성되는지를 살펴 보았다. Loss 방식에 관하여는, 리만 브라더스의 도산시 우리나라의 한 증권회사가 손해금액을 산정한 실제 사례를 검토하였다. 이어서, 외국과 우리나라 판례들을 요약하여 소개하고, 쟁점에 관하여 다음과 같이 필자의 견해를 정리하였다. 첫째, 당사자들이 정산금 산정방식에 합의하였더라도 그 방식에 따른 결과가 상업적으로 합리적이지 아니한 경우 다른 방식으로 정산금을 산정할 수 있다. 둘째, Loss에 산입되는 헤지청산비용은, 행정비용과 매수-매도 호가 차이 등 헤지청산과정에서 새롭게 발생하는 비용만을 말하고, 헤지거래의 시장가치 하락부분은 포함하지 아니한다. 셋째, 준거시장조성자가 호가를 산정함에 있어서 현실적으로 당사자의 신용상태를 고려하지 않을 수 없지만, 결정당사자가 Loss를 산정함에 있어서는 자신의 신용상태를 반영해서는 안된다. 넷째, 조기종료로 인하여 결정당사자에게 예상치 못한 시기에 거액의 지급의무가 발생함으로써 통상의 자금조달비용을 초과한 비용지출이 예상되는 경우 그 초과부분은 정산금에 포함되어야 한다.