한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

고주파수대역에 적용되는 Fe-( BN, Si₃N₄)박막의 미세구조와 자기적특성에 관한 연구

申東勳,張勝彦,李宰源,南勝義 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

We have investigated the magnetic properties of FeBN thin films deposited by using RF magnetron sputtering and Fe-BN composite target. It was investigated that the area fraction of BN chips on the Fe target and partial pressure of nitrogen was the main factors influencing the soft magnetic properties and resistivity of FeBN thin film. The low addition of N₂increases significantly the soft magnetic properties and electrical resistivity. The good soft magnetic properties are obtained at N₂partial pressure of 5%, but futher increase in N₂ partial pressure degrade the soft magnetic properties due to formation of nitrides such as Fe₄N, Fe₂∼₃N. In a sputtering process, as the area fraction of BN increases, FeBN thin films fabricated at the area fraction of 0.25 exhibt soft magnetic properties (Bs∼17kG, Hc∼10e, μ∼1000).

生理衛生 : 運動生理學에서의 몇가지 問題 some Topics in Sports Physiology

申東薰 대한의학협회 1962 대한의학협회지 Vol.5 No.10

대뇌 기저핵 신경세포 일차배양에서 망간에 의해 유도된 Appoptosis : 형태학적인 소견

신동훈,김상표,정용욱,배재훈,송대규,백원기 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 실험은 대뇌기저핵의 신경세포를 배양하여 망간(MnCl₂)을 투여한 후 망간독성에 의한 신경세포의 apoptosis를 형태학적인 소견으로 관찰하였다. 방법 : 배양된 신경세포에 0.01에서 10μM Mnc12를 48시간동안 처리한 후 TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling)법 및 투과전자현미경학적으로 관찰하였다. 결과 : TUNEL방법을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 TUNEL반응에 갈색으로 양성반응을 나타내는apoptotic 세포의 수가 대조군에 비해 MnCl₂를 투여한 군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(P〈0.05), 투과전자현미경학적 소견상 대조군의 신경세포들은 핵인(nucleolus)이 두드러지게 특징적으로 보이면서 핵막과 세포질내 소기관들이 잘 보존되어 있으며, 세포질내망(ER)과 사립체(mitochondria)를 특히 많이 가지고 있었다. Mnc12를 48시간 동안 처리한 군에서 이질염색질(heterochromatin)이 핵막으로 이동하면서 응집되어 있었으며, 핵내 불규칙한 형태의 염색질이 나타나 분절이 진행되는 소견을 보였고, Apoptosis의 가장 특징적인 초기 소견인 막으로 둘러싸인 반달모양의 핵내염색질의 분절편(fragment-ed chromatin)과 주위의 상대적으로 정상적인 소기관으로 구성된 apoptotic body를 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론 : 신경세포에서 망간에 의해 apoptosis가 유도됨을 형태학적인 방법으로 확인할 수 있었으며 망간에 의한 세포사망양상에 apoptosis가 하나의 기전이 될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : Manganese is cytotoxic to the central nervous system including basal gan-glia. Its toxic mechanism is related to oxidative stress, mediated by toxic free radicals but is specultives. In the present study , we have investigated to manifest apoptosis in man-ganese-induced cytotoxicity in primary neuronal cell culture of rat basal ganglia. Methods : To detect apoptotic neuronal cells were stained by the terminal deoxynu-cleotide (TdT) -mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) method and apoptotic changesin nuclei of neurons were observed by electron microscopy. Results : We showed that TUNEL immunostain showed brownish signal in the nuclei of apoptotic cells and the proportions of apoptotic cells in Manganese treatment groups were more higher than controls. On transmission electron microscopy, there were chromatine condensation with margination toward nuclear membrane and condensation of cyto-plasm in the treated with luM MnCl²for 48 hours in a basal ganglia neurons. Apoptotic bodies were found and consisted of semilunar-like condensed nuclei with relatively intact cytoplasmic organelles. Conclusions : Apoptosis appears to be one mechanism in the manganese-induced net-ronal cell death. Manganese intoxication is a convenient model for apoptosis study.

섬유가공업체 코팅 부서 근로자들의 유기용제 만성폭로에 의한 신경행동학적 수행능력의 변화

신동훈,이무식,양선희 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The study was conducted to predict the risk of chronic exposure by neurobehavioral test and to use it as a basic source of the management for workers exposed to organic solvents. The exposed group was selected from coating department of textile processing industry. The unexposed group was selected from those who visited the clinic to take an annual check-up. The author administered WHO-NCTB (neurobehavioral core test battery). Also, Scandinavian Questionnaire 16 was tested by self-administration to find the correlation between subjective symptoms and NCTB results, and to assess the availability of the Questionnaire in mass screening test concurrently. The final analysed subjects were 78(27 in exposed group and 51 in unexposed group) workers except who had a neurologic disease or systemic disease affecting the central nervous system. In Questionnaire study, there was no significant difference in total neurotoxic symptom scores between the exposed and the unexposed group. In NCTB, the exposed group had lower mean scores than the unexposed group for all tests. When the effect by age and education were considered, there was a statistically significant difference only in pursuit aming test. This study suggests the availability of NCTB and the Questionnaire for the assessment of neurobehavioral change in workers exposed to organic solvents.

카드뮴이 인간 단핵구 세포주(THP-1)에서 cytokine 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

신동훈,박관규,강미정,서석권,정인성,양선희 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Cadmium, a potent toxic metal, posses a serious environmental threat but the mechanism of its toxicity remains unclear. Also, cadmium is a known immunotoxic agent in animal studies and induces pathophysiological effects by modulating components of immune system. Cytokines are being increasingly recognized as essential mediators of normal and pathologic immune response. Cells of mononuclear phagocytic system are strategically located at portals of entry in humans and therefore may be particularly at risk for cadmium exposure through contaminated air, food, and drinking water. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cadmium cytotoxicity for the monocyte and expression of cytokine gene in the control and cadmium treated human monocytic cell lines using RT-PCR method. The results showed that cadmium inhibited cell proliferation at 0.1mM cadimium treated cells for 24 hours. The TNF-α mRNA was expressed in both control and cadmium treated cells but not IL-6 and IL-1β. The mRNA levels of TNF-αwere examined during 24 hours culture period, at different time points. The expression of TNF-αmRNA increased in both 0.01mM and 0.1mM cadmium treated cells, but did not show dose-response relationship. According to cadimium treated duration, expression of TNF-αmRNA was more decreased in 24 hours than 6 hours. The decreased levels of mRNA of TNF-α suggest that cadmium suppresses its production at the transcription level.

카드뮴과 아연이 사람 단핵구성 세포주(THP-1)에서 IL-6의 분비에 미치는 영향

신동훈,서성일,서석권 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate effects of cadmium and zinc on IL-6 secretion using human monocyte in a culture system. Methods : We have used trypan blue dye exclusion methods to examine the effect of cytotoxicity of CdCl₂, ZnCl₂in THP-1 cells. IL-6 was measured by the ELISA method in the cell culture supernatants and the expression of IL-6 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results : IL-6 production by THP-1 cells were decreased at 0.1 mM cadmium concentration (p<0.05) and increased as zinc concentration increased. Zinc prevented cadmium-induced suppression of IL-6, and the addition of a chelating agent, EDTA, restores IL-6 secretion. The expression of IL-6 mRNA decreased at 0.08 mM and 0.1 mM cadmium concentrations. Conclusion : This results suggest that cadmium depressed production and gene expression of IL-6 in stimulated human monocytes, and zinc prevented cadmium-induced suppression of IL-6.

카드뮴 처리한 인간 폐 섬유아 세포주에서 IL-6의 발현

신동훈 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Cadmium is a highly toxic element responsible for acute and chronic toxicity in man and induces pathophysiological effects by modulating components of immune system. Cytokines are being increasingly recognized as essential mediators of normal and pathologic immune response. The present study has been investigated the effect of cadmium cytotoxicity for lung fibroblast and expression of cytokine gene in unstimulated and cadmium-treated lung fibroblast using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We showed that cadmium inhibited the cell proliferation and expression of IL-6, TGF-β mRNA in both unstimulated and cadmium-treated cell. The expression of IL-6 mRNA increased at 0.1mM cadmium treated for 24 hours than for 2 hours. This results suggest that cadmium stimulates expression of IL-6 mRNA in lung fibroblast.

마케팅 실행의 문화적 측면에 관한 고찰 : 마케팅파워의 문화적 존중과 특수성을 중심으로

신왕우,김동훈,우기남 제주대학교 경상대학 경영경제연구소 2000 경영경제연구 Vol.2 No.-

X-ray microtomography를 이용한 치아의 3차원 재구성

신동훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.6

Complete understanding of the exterior and interior structure of the tooth would be prerequisite to the successful clinical results, especially in the restorative and endodontic treatment. Although three dimensional reconstruction method using x ray microtomography could not be used in clinical cases, it may be the best way to reconstruct the morphologic characteristics of the tooth structure in detail without destructing the tooth itself. This study was done to three dimensionally reconstruct every teeth in the arch in order to increase the understanding about the endodontic treatment and to promote the effective restorative treatment by upgrading the knowledge of the tooth morphology. After placing tooth between the microfocus x ray tube and the image intensifier to obtain two dimensional images of each level. scanning was done under the condition of 80 keV, 100㎂, 16.8 magnification with the spot size of 8 ㎛. Cross section pixel size of 16.28 ㎛ and 48.83 cross section to cross section distance were also used. From the results of this study, precise three dimensional reconstructed images of every teeth could be obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to see image that showed interested area only, for example. enamel portion only, pulp and dentin area without enamel structure, pulp only, combination image of enamel and pulp, etc. It was also possible to see transparent image without some part of tooth structure. This image might be used as a guide when restoring and preparing the full and partial crown by showing the positional and morphological relationship between the pulp and the outer tooth structure. Another profit may be related with the fact that it would promote the understanding of the interior structure by making observation of the auto rotating image of AVI file from the various direction possible.