Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium 및 Salmonella Enteritidis의 항균제 감수성 (1997)

신영학,유정식,김기상,정동준,오경수,이점규,이상원,이근영,박미선,이복권,김호훈 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

protoplast-fusion에 依한 澱粉에서 Ethanol의 單段醱酵能 酵母 開發 : I. Characteristics of two yeast strains and conditions for the protoplast formation and reeneration as a preliminary step in interspecific protoplast-fusion I. Interspecific Protoplast-fusion 을 爲한 酵母菌林의 諸特性과 Protoplast 調製 및 Regeneration 條件

吳秉夏,黃殷成,李炯周,李啓瑚,朴官和,張海東,徐鉉昌 서울大學校農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.1

澱粉으로 부터의 alcohol 醱酵能을 增進시키기 爲하여 澱粉糖化性 菌株인 Saccharomyces diastaticus와 優秀한 alcohol 醱酵性 菌株인 Saccharomyces uvarum을 母菌株로 하여 이들간의 同屬異種間 原形質融合(interspecific protoplast fusion)을 通한 優秀한 澱粉醱酵 性 alcohol 生産性 菌株를 새로이 開發할 目的에서 다음과 같은 一漣의 實驗結果를 얻었다. S. diastaticus의 醱酵液과 S. diastaticus+S. uvarum 混合醱酵液의 風味特性등을 確認하였다. 風味成分 抽出은 methylene chloride와 diethylether를 가지고 neutral flavor fraction과 acidic flavor fraction으로 나누었고 gas chromatography를 通하여 同定 및 定量하였다. Neutral flavor fraction의 경우 S. diastaticus+S. uvarum 混合醱酵液이 S. diastaticus 醱酵液보다, ester成分中에서는 ethyl acetate와 ethyl undecanoate가 더 많았고, alcohol 成分中에서는 n-propanol과 n-butanol이 더 많았다. Acidic flavor fraction의 경우 C??~C?? fatty acid가 同定 및 定量되었는데 S. diastaticus+S. uvarum 混合醱酵液이 S. diastaticus 醱酵液보다 lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid 含量이 두드러지게 많았다. S. diastaticus의 glucoamylase 生産性, glucoamylase의 分離 精製, 酵素力價 그리고 酵素學的 特性에서 optimum pH는 5.0, optimum temperature는 55℃ 이었다. S. diastaticus와 S. uvarum을 母菌株로 이들 간의 protoplast fusion을 위한 基礎的인 硏究로서 두 菌株의 諸特性과 protoplast調製의 最適條件을 決定하고 protoplast의 regeneration 條件의 確立을 도모하였다.두 菌의 生育曲線에서 모두 培養開始 7~8 時間만에 對數期 中期에 到達되었으므로 protoplast 調製는 이 時期의 細胞를 쓰기로 하였다. Generation time은 S. diastaticus가 1.04, S. uvarum이 1.38 時間이었다. 細胞의 크기는 S. diastaticus 44.10?㎛³, S. uvarum 99.67㎛³로 S. uvarum이 2倍나 컸다. DNA 含量은 細胞 當 S. diastaticus 44.3fg, S. uvarum 37.6fg이었다. 30% glucose 및 soluble starch에 대한 두 菌株의 ethanol 醱酵能은 glucose에 對하여 S. uvarum 11.4%, S. diastaticus 8.9% 이었고 soluble starch에 對하여는 S. diastaticus 만이 6.9%이었다. 두 菌株는 generation time, 細胞크기 및 DNA 含量 等으로 보아 diploid strain임을 알 수 있었고, 融合株 選拔을 위한 marker 로는 Sacch. uvarum의 melibiose 資化能의 차이를 利用할 수 있음을 밝혔다. Protoplast의 調製에는 β-glucuronidase와 Zymoyase를 使用하였는데 두 酵素 反應最適條件은 β-glucuronidase는 pH 8.0에서 10% 濃度의 溶液으로, Zymolyase는 pH7.5에서 20㎛/ml의 濃度의 溶液으로 하여 모두 70分間 處理하는 것으로 決定하였으나 이 정도의 處理時間에서는 protoplast가 극히 不安定하게 되어 regeneration frequency가 떨어지는 것을 確認하였으며, 特히 Zymolyase 處理로 얻어진 protoplast의 regeneration率이 낮은 것은 Zymolyase中에 不純物로 微量 混在한 protease가 protoplast의 노출된 membrane-bound protein을 分解함으로써 protoplast를 破壞시키기 때문인 것으로 추측되었다. 融合實驗에 利用할 수 있을 정도의 regeneration frequency를 얻기 위해서는 Zymolyase를 45分間 處理하여 얻은 protoplast를 1.5%의 polyvinylpyrrolicone이 加해진 OYPD培地에서 重層法으로 展開하여 regeneration시키는 것이 좋은 것으로 판명되었다. As preliminary steps of protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces diastaticus and S. uvarum to develop a fusant of higher ethanol production from starch, characteristics of the two presumptive parent strains, optimal conditions for protoplast preparation and conditions for highrer regeneration frequency were investigated. To determine flavor characteristics of the parent strains, neutral and acidic flavor fractions were extracted from liquids fermented by S. diastaticus and S. diastaticus + S. uvarum with methylene chloride and diethly ether. The liquid by the mixed culture produced more ethly acetate, ethyl undecanoate, n-propanol, n-butanol, lauric acid, caprylic acid and capric acid than that by S. diastaticus. Glucoamylase from S. diastaticus was purified and activity, productivity, and characteristics were determined. Optimum conditions for the enzyme were pH 5.0 and 55℃. The two strains reached logarithmic phase in 7-8h during growth and the generation time was 1.04 in S. diastaticus and 1.38 in S. uvarum. Cell size and DNA content per cell of S. diastaticus were 44.10㎛³and 44.3 fg, and for S. uvarum, 99.67㎛³and 37.6fg. Ethanol productivities of S. diastaticus were 8.9% from 30% glucose and 6.9% from 30% starch and 11.4% from glucose with S. uvarum. Through determination of generation time, cell size, and DNA content per cell, both strains appeared as diploids, and differences in assimilability of melibiose and soluble starch of the two strains were selected as markers to determine the fusant. The optimal condition for protoplast formation was treatment of both strains with 10% ß-glucuronidase at pH 8.0 or 20㎍/ml Zymolyase at pH 7.5 for 70 min. While the regeneration frequencies were very low at 70min exposure to Zymolyase because of the instability of protoplasts, the yeasts treated for 45min were better for regeneration. The regeneration frequencies were also enhanced by 3-6 times when the regeration was carried out with 1.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone which stabilized protoplasts.

Comparison of 90‐day case‐fatality after ischemic stroke between two different stroke outcome registries using propensity score matching analysis

Yu, K‐,H.,Hong, K‐,S.,Lee, B‐,C.,Oh, M‐,S.,Cho, Y‐,J.,Koo, J‐,S.,Park, J‐,M.,Bae, H‐,J.,Han, M‐,K.,Ju, Y‐,S.,Kang, D‐,W.,Appelros, P. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Acta neurologica Scandinavica Vol.123 No.5

<P>Yu K‐H, Hong K‐S, Lee B‐C, Oh M‐S, Cho Y‐J, Koo J‐S, Park J‐M, Bae H‐J, Han M‐K, Ju Y‐S, Kang D‐W, Appelros P, Norrving B, Terent A. Comparison of 90‐day case‐fatality after ischemic stroke between two different stroke outcome registries using propensity score matching analysis. 
Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 325–331. 
© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.</P><P><B>Background – </B> It has not been clarified whether the disparity in ischemic stroke outcome between populations is caused by ethnic and geographic differences or by variations in case mix. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis can overcome some analytical problems but is rarely used in stroke outcome research. This study was to compare the ischemic stroke case‐fatality between two PSM cohorts of Sweden and Korea.</P><P><B>Methods – </B> Prognostic variables related to baseline characteristics and stroke care were included in our PSM model. Then, we selected 7675 Swedish and 1220 Korean patients with ischemic stroke from each stroke registers and performed one‐to‐one matching based on propensity scores of each patient.</P><P><B>Results – </B> After PSM, all measured variables were well balanced in 1163 matched subjects, and the 90‐day case‐fatality was identical 6.2% (HR 0.997, 95%CI 0.905–1.099) in Sweden and Korea.</P><P><B>Conclusions – </B> No difference is found in the 90‐day case‐fatality in propensity score‐matched Swedish and Korean patients with ischemic stroke.</P>

Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Enteritidis 및 Salmonella Typhimurium균에 대한 Phage typing 및 antibiogram 분석

신영학,유정식,오경수,이점규,이상원,고운영,양병국 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

生體內 藥劑耐性 및 Plasmid 傳達에 關한 硏究

金鎬薰,李明遠,李英姬,金基湘,兪天權,吳明燉,李悌煥,李点揆,琴東吉,鄭泰華,李潤台 국립보건연구원 1989 국립보건원보 Vol.26 No.

Bioequivalence Study of a New Fixed-dose Combination Tablet Containing S-Amlodipine Nicotinate and Olmesartan Medoxomil in Healthy Korean Male Subjects

Oh, M.J.,Hwang, H.H.,Kim, H.G.,Lee, G.H.,Cho, Y.S.,Lee, S.Y.,Kang, S.Y.,Cho, K.H.,Lee, Y.Y.,Lee, Y.J.,Jang, C.G.,Lee, S.Y. Excerpta Medica] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Clinical therapeutics Vol.39 No.7

Purpose: A fixed-dose combination (FDC) pill of amlodipine (relatively old calcium channel blocker as dihydropyridine) and olmesartan (relatively new angiotensin II receptor blocker) is used for hypertension that is not adequately controlled with a single-formulation drug. Because the FDC is a one-pill formulation, and amlodipine and olmesartan have different mechanisms of action, it is expected to improve patients' medication compliance and have an increased blood pressure-lowering efficacy. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety profile and the bioequivalence of two different FDC formulations [amlodipine besylate/olmesartan medoxomil 10/40 mg (reference product) and S-amlodipine nicotinate/olmesartan medoxomil 5/40 mg (test product)]. Methods: A randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-treatment, 2-way, and 2-period crossover study, including a 3-week washout period, was performed in 32 healthy Korean male volunteers. To analyze the concentration of S-amlodipine or olmesartan, plasma samples were collected up to 144 hours after the dose for S-amlodipine and 48 hours after the dose for olmesartan. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including the C<SUB>max</SUB> and the area under the curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC<SUB>0-last</SUB>) for the time versus concentration plot, were calculated. Analysis of variance for bioequivalence was conducted using C<SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0-last</SUB> converted to log scale, and the mean ratios and 90% CIs were determined. Safety data included analysis of adverse events (AEs), vital signs, physical examinations, clinical laboratory test, and 12-lead ECGs. Findings: Of the 32 enrolled participants, 29 healthy volunteers completed the study. For both S-amlodipine and olmesartan, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were all within the acceptable range for regulatory bioequivalence. The 90% CIs for the geometric mean ratios of C<SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0-last</SUB> were 0.8766 to 0.9760 and 0.8288 to 0.9224, respectively, for S-amlodipine and 0.9097 to 1.1229 and 0.8904 to 1.0407, respectively, for olmesartan. Hypotension was the most frequent AE, and it was observed in 4 volunteers with the test product and 7 volunteers with the reference product. Both the test and reference formulations were well tolerated. Implications: The present study demonstrates that the newly developed FDC product (test drug) and the conventional FDC product (reference drug) have comparable pharmacokinetic characteristics in healthy adult male volunteers. Both the test and reference products indicated good tolerance in this population, and no serious AEs were observed.

Molecular characterization of an aldo-keto reductase from Marivirga tractuosa that converts retinal to retinol

Hong, S.H.,Nam, H.K.,Kim, K.R.,Kim, S.W.,Oh, D.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 Journal of biotechnology Vol.169 No.-

A recombinant aldo-keto reductase (AKR) from Marivirga tractuosa was purified with a specific activity of 0.32unitml<SUP>-1</SUP> for all-trans-retinal with a 72kDa dimer. The enzyme had substrate specificity for aldehydes but not for alcohols, carbonyls, or monosaccharides. The enzyme turnover was the highest for benzaldehyde (k<SUB>cat</SUB>=446min<SUP>-1</SUP>), whereas the affinity and catalytic efficiency were the highest for all-trans-retinal (K<SUB>m</SUB>=48μM, k<SUB>cat</SUB>/K<SUB>m</SUB>=427mM<SUP>-1</SUP>min<SUP>-1</SUP>) among the tested substrates. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of all-trans-retinol from all-trans-retinal by M. tractuosa AKR were pH 7.5, 30<SUP>o</SUP>C, 5% (v/v) methanol, 1% (w/v) hydroquinone, 10mM NADPH, 1710mgl<SUP>-1</SUP> all-trans-retinal, and 3unitml<SUP>-1</SUP> enzyme. Under these optimized conditions, the enzyme produced 1090mgml<SUP>-1</SUP> all-trans-retinol, with a conversion yield of 64% (w/w) and a volumetric productivity of 818mgl<SUP>-1</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>. AKR from M. tractuosa showed no activity for all-trans-retinol using NADP<SUP>+</SUP> as a cofactor, whereas human AKR exhibited activity. When the cofactor-binding residues (Ala158, Lys212, and Gln270) of M. tractuosa AKR were changed to the corresponding residues of human AKR (Ser160, Pro212, and Glu272), the A158S and Q270E variants exhibited activity for all-trans-retinol. Thus, amino acids at positions 158 and 270 of M. tractuosa AKR are determinant residues of the activity for all-trans-retinol.

특이적 콜레라균 검출법 개발 및 해양 가검물에의 적용

김기상,이영희,황규잠,이광준,박강수,배송미,이점규,오경수,유정식,신영학 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Electrochemical analysis on the growth of oxide formed on stainless steels in molten carbonate at 650 ^oC

Ahn, S.,Oh, K.,Kim, M.,Youn, J.,Jo, K.,Kim, K.,Kwon, H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.23

The oxide growth on stainless steel (SS) 310S and 316L, used as a cathode current collector material of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), were examined in the mixture of 62 mol% Li<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>-38 mol% K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> at 650 <SUP>o</SUP>C by measuring the change in corrosion potential and potentiodynamic response of the alloys and also in terms of impedance analysis on the alloy|oxide layer|electrolyte system. The corrosion potential of SS 316L was in an active region for 12 h-immersion, whereas that of SS 310S drastically increased after 6 h-immersion due to an active to passive transition. The corrosion rate of the two SSs decreased with immersion due to the growth of protective oxide. However, the decrease in the corrosion rate of SS 310S is much greater than that of SS 316L. The oxide formed on the two SSs was found to be duplex layer, composed of inner Cr enriched oxide and outer Fe enriched oxide. However, the inner Cr enriched layer of 310S is more clearly separated from the outer Fe enriched layer than that of SS 316L due primarily to the higher Cr content in SS 310S. The drastic increase in the corrosion potential of SS 310S after 6 h-immersion is closely associated with the growth of the inner Cr enriched oxide layer. The corrosion resistance of SS depends dominantly on the resistance of the inner Cr enriched oxide that is determined form the impedance analysis on the alloy|oxide layer|electrolyte system. The higher corrosion resistance of SS 310S compared with SS 316L results from the more protective inner Cr enriched oxide layer, as confirmed by its higher resistance associated with the higher Cr content in SS 310S.

여호와 증인 환자에서 산부인과적 무혈 수술의 임상적 고찰

이성욱,오일영,서상기,반태학,박윤희,박성철,한광수 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.5

목적 : 여호와의 증인은 자신들의 교리에 따라 혈액이나 기타 혈액제재의 사용을 거부하는 종파이다. 이들에 대한 산부인과적 무혈 수술의 임상상 및 수술후 결과를 후향적으로 검토하였다. 연구방법 : 1995년 2월부터 1999년 8월까지 세종병원에서 입원 기간 중 어떠한 혈액이나 혈액제재를 투여 받지 않았던 여호와의 증인 환자 50예에 대해 무혈 수술의 성적을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 환자의 연령 분포는 9세와 58세 사이로 평균 36.7 ± 8.7세 이었다. 무혈 수술의 가장 흔한 사례는 제왕 절개술이었다. 인간 조혈촉진인자(EPO)를 제왕 절개술 5예, 전자궁 적출술 2예, 난소 종양 2예에 투여하였다. EPO를 투여 받은 9예에서는 평균 혈색소 수치가 수술 전에 비해 수술 후 오히려 의미있게 증가하였다. 조직학적 결과로는 자궁 선근증 9예, 평활근종 8예, 생식 세포종 3예, 자궁외 임신 2예, 자궁 상피내 종양 1예, 상피성 난소 종양 1예, 출혈성 황체 낭종 1예, 성기삭 간질성 종양 1예로 총 27예이었다. 무혈 수술로 인한 술 후 사망은 없었으며 이환율도 적었다. 결론 : 여호와의 증인 환자에 대한 산부인과적 수술이 요구될 때 세심한 수술 기법과 다양한 혈액 보존법 등을 이용한다면 비교적 양호한 무혈 수술의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 향후 여호와의 증인 환자에 대한 특수화된 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 사료되었다. Objective : Jehovah's Witnesses are members of a religious denomination whose beliefs prohibit the use of blood or blood products. Plasma volume expanders and extracorporeal hemodilution of the patients's own blood are theologically acceptiable. And so we evaluated effectiveness of major operative procedures carried out on Jehovas's Witnesses patients without blood transfusions or blood products. Methods : We retrospectively studied 50 cases of Jehovas's Witnesses who underwent obstetric and gynecologic bloodless surgery from February 1995 to August 1999. No patients recieved any blood or blood products during hospitalizaion. Results : The age distribution of patients was between 9 years and 58 year, average 36.7±8.7 years old. The most common cases for bloodless surgery was Cesarean section. The recombinant human erythropoietin(EPO) was treated in 5 cases of Cesarean section, 2 cases of TAH and 2 cases of ovarian tumor perioperatively. EPO-treated 9 cases were increased postoperative mean Hb levels compared with preoperative mean Hb levels. Histology revealed 9 cases of adenomyosis, 8 cases of leiomyoma, 3 cases of germ cell tumor, 2 cases of ectopic pregnancy, 1 case of CIS, 1 case of Krukenberg tumor, 1 case of epithelial cell tumor, 1 case of hemorrhagic corpus tumor and 1 case of sexcord stromal tumor, total 27 cases. There was no operative death and postoperative morbidities were few. Conclusions : We concluded that if we preformed the surgeries with careful operative techniques and various blood conserving procedures we could do the bloodless surgery of Jehovah's Witnesses with relative safety. But the establishment of a well programmed special medical supports for the Jehovah's Witnesses community will be needed in future.