Off-Line 필기체 문자 인식을 위한 효율적인 전처리기의 구성

김기석,홍인식,천인국 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2000 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to increase the cognition rates on hand-written characters. Unlike printed characters, the cognition of hand-written characters requires an algorithm which takes into consideration of the individual differences. Characters are basically a set of points. They can be represented in terms of feature parameters such as glyph vector that means sum of points per specific area in input character image. Then all characters can be represented by glyph multiplied by the feature parameters respectively. In this paper we propose a method for character cognition of off-line hand-written in terms of BP algorithm inference. That method makes improving the cognition quality of hand-written characters in speed and cognition rates. Usually improving the cognition quality of hand-written characters requires many preprocessing steps. These many steps tend to make the overall recognition system slower and less efficient. Therefore, an effective preprocessing, midprocessing and postprocessing scheme is proposed.

중재합의의 제3자에 대한 효력

김지홍 韓國仲裁學會 2007 중재연구 Vol.17 No.3

Arbitration is contractual by nature. One cannot be required to submit to arbitration any dispute which he has not agreed to so submit. As commercial transactions become increasingly complex, involving multiple parties and numerous contracts for a single transaction, however, limiting the parties who are subject to arbitration to only those who have signed a contract containing an arbitration clause would fmstrate the purpose of such arbitration clause and might lead to injustice among the relevant parties. Therefore, U.S. courts have recognized a number of theories under which non-signatories may be bound to the arbitration agreement of others : (1) incorporation by reference; (2) assumption; (3) agency; (4) veil-piercing/alter ego; and (5) estoppel. Incorporation by reference and veil-piercing theories have already been recognized by Korean courts. Agency theory and estoppel theory are not recognizable under Korean law. However, the same or similar result may be achieved by applying the third party beneficiary theory or assumption by third party theory. Although a couple of Supreme Court cases appear to be at odds with the assumption theory, on the basis of the recent amendments to the Arbitration Act, such court precedents can be and should be reversed.

시설재배 작물의 적정 시비량 결정을 위한 간이 검정법

홍순달,김기인,강성수 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

시설재배 토양의 질소공급능력을 예측할 수 있는 질산태 질소의 간이검정법을 개발하기 위하여 실험실 이온 전극법을 기준으로 test strip 측광기법, Hanna specific ion 비색법, Cardy meter법 등 분석방법간에, 그리고 토양수분조건에 따른 시료채취방법을 중량법 이외에 입자밀도법과 용적밀도법을 각각의 분석방법별로 비교 검토하였다. 정밀분석법인 이온전극법과 유사한 신뢰성을 갖는 간이검정법은 test strip 측광기법이었으며 영농현장에서의 활용성을 고려한 시료채취방법은 일정한 용적을 갖는 필름통을 이용한 용적밀도법이 가장 바람직하였다. 따라서 필름통을 이용하여 토양시료를 채취하고 중량은 용적밀도법으로 하는 test strip 측광기에 의한 현장검정법으로 신뢰성있는 토양의 질산태 질소 간이검정법을 개발하였다. 토양의 질산태 질소 함량이 46 mg kg-1에서 345 mg kg-1의 분포를 갖는 12개 시설재배 토양에서 시비수준을 무비구, 검정시비구 및 표준시비구로하여 토마토의 생산력을 검정하고 토양 화학성과의 상호관계 및 회귀관계의 평가로부터 질소 적정시비량 추천모델을 추정하였다. 무비구 토마토의 건물중 및 양분흡수량과 가장 밀접한 상관을 갖는 화학성은 질산태 산소였다. 토양의 질산태 질소 함량과 무비구 토마토의 건물중, 비료효과 및 시비효율의 회귀관계 분석으로부터 토마토 질소 무시비 재배를 위한 질산태 질소의 상한기준은 280 mg kg-1으로 추정되었다. 토양의 질산태 질소가 46, 96, 126 mg kg-1인 3개 토양에서 무비구 검정시비구 및 표준시비구의 3개 시비수준에 대한 건물중 변화관계로부터 토마토 질소 표준시비를 위한 질산태 질소 하한기준은 100 mg kg-1으로 추정되었다. 따라서 토양의 질산태 질소 100 mg kg-1이상에서 280 mg kg-1이하의 토양에 대한 질소 적정시비량은 회귀식 Y(표준시비량에 대한 시비비율, %) = -0.5556 x NO3-N (mg kg-1) + 155.568으로 평가되었다.

Micro-Factory 공정간 마이크로 부품 검사 프로브 개발

김기홍,이득우 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

This paper shows a non-contact optical method to inspect micron scale parts which will be manufactured in micro-factory system. This inspection system should have some characteristics like a small size, flexibility, and high measuring speed. In the viewpoint of measuring capabilities, it also has resolution under micron scale with measuring range over millimeter scale. Two methods will be presented in this paper, one is Moire and the other is white-light scanning interferometry. Also some experimental results will be presented to show the possibilities of the proposed inspection system.

시설재배 작물의 적정 시비량 결정을 위한 간이 검정법

홍순달,박효택,김기인,한갑동 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 1999 연구보고서 Vol.4 No.-

시설재배 토양의 질산태 질소 간이검정법을 선발하기 위하여 test strip을 이용한 Nitracheck Reflectometer법과 휴대용 비색계를 이용한 Hanna Ion Specific meter법을 실험실 kjeldahl법 및 이온 전극법과 함께 비교 분석하였다. 평가방법의 신뢰도는 NO3-N 함량이 10 mg/kg에서 340 mg/kg으로 분포되는 20개 시설재배 토양에 대하여 표준편차, 변이계수 및 회수율을 비교하였다. 휴대용 비색계법은 낮은 농도와 높은 농도에서 큰 오차범위를 보였으나 Nitracheck Reflectometer법은 두가지 실험실법과 유사한 신뢰도와 회수율을 보였다. 따라서 간편한 분석조작과 짧은 분석시간을 구비한 Nitracheck Reflectometer법은 신뢰성 있는 간이 검정법으로 활용 가능한 것으로 평가되었다. 시설재배 작물의 질소 덧거름 시용량의 결정을 위한 식물체 간이 검정법(SPAD, Minolta 502)을 개발하기 위하여 엽록소 측정치와 토마토의 생산능력 및 토양의 질소공급능력과의 상호관계를 조사하였다. 평가방법은 NO3-N 함량이 55~306 mg kg-1인 6개 토양에 대하여 무비구 토마토의 건물중과 질소 흡수량, 그리고 재배기간 동안의 경시적 엽위별 엽록소 측정치와의 회귀관계로부터 토마토의 생산능력과 질소공급능력에 대한 엽록소의 측정치의 기준을 추정하였다. 토양의 질산태 질소 함량과 무비구 토마토의 건물중 및 질소 흡수량의 상호관계는 유의성 있는 정상관의 곡선적 관계를 보였으며 최대 건물중과 질소 흡수량에 대한 질산태 질소의 함량은 각각 215 mg kg-1과 208 mg kg-1로 추정되었다. 이는 시설재배 배추의 질소 시비량 결정을 위한 질산태 질소의 상한기준 200 mg kg-1의 평가기준과 유사하였다. 토마토 재배기간 동안 엽위별 엽록소 측정치는 정식후 45일째 15매 잎에서 최대를 보인 후 감소되었으며 정식후 45일째 이후 토마토의 엽록소 측정치는 토양의 질소 공급능력에 따라 현저한 차이를 나타냈다. 토마토 잎의 엽록소 측정치는 단위 엽면적당 질소 흡수량과 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 보여 질소 영양진단을 위한 간이 검정법으로 활용 가능성을 보였다. 정식후 40일째 14매엽의 엽록소 측정치는 토양의 질산태 질소, 무비구 토마토의 건물중 및 질소 흡수량과 유의성 있는 정 상관의 곡선적 관계를 보였다. 부비구 토마토의 최대 건물중과 최대 질소 흡수량에 대한 엽록소 측정치의 기준은 각각 57.1로 동일하게 평가되었다. 무비구 토마토의 최대 건물중과 질소 흡수량으로 평가된 엽록소 측정치 57.1에 대한 토양의 질산태 질소 함량은 약 200 mg kg-1로 추정되어 무비구 토마토의 최대 건물중과 질소 흡수량으로 평가된 질산태 질소 기준 208~215 mg kg-1과 비슷하게 평가되었다. 따라서 엽록소 간이검정법은 토양의 질소공급능력을 예측할 수 있는 유효지표로 활용할 수 있는 것으로 생각되었다. To find a rapid determination method for soil nitrate concentration, two methods, "Nitracheck 404" reflectometer(Eijkelkamp, Netherlands) with nitrate test strip and a portable colorimeter "Hanna Ion Specific meter(USA) with a color development reagent, were tested for twenty soils with different nitrate contents ranged between from 10 mg kg-1 to 340 mg kg-1 and compared Standard deviation, coefficient of variability, and recovery of these values with those measured by conventional Kjeldahl distilation method and nitrate electrode method. The nitrate concentration measured by portable colorimeter method was higher in soils with low concentration and lower in soils with high concentration than that measured by conventional methods. However, concentrations measured by nitracheck reflectometer method was showed the similar coefficient of variability and recovery as those by conventional methods for all soil samples. With this result, the Nitracheck reflectometer method was thought to be available for rapid determination of soil nitrate with accuracy, quickness, and simplicity for operating of analysis. To find diagnosing method of nitrogen status in tomato plant for determining optimum application rate of side dress, chlorophyll content were measured by portable chlorophyll meter(SPAD 501, Minolta), and compared it soil nitrogen status. Regression between dry weight, nitrogen accumulation in tomato grown with no fertilizer and chlorophyll content at different stalk positions of tomato were evaluated for 6 soils with different nitrate concentrations ranged between from 55 mg kg-1 to 306 mg kg-1. Soil nitrate concentration was significantly correlated with dry weight and nitrogen accumulation in tomato grown with no fertilizer. And the critical levels of soil nitrate for maximum dry weight and nitrogen accumulation were 215 mg kg-1 and 208 mg kg-1, respectively. These critical levels of soil nitrate were similar to the estimating level (200 mg kg-1) for Chinese cabbage with no fertilizer under the greenhouse. The chlorophyll content of tomato occurred peak at the 15th leaf of stalk position on the 45 days after transplanting and this suggested that before and near the 45 days after transplanting is the critical time for chlorophyll test of tomato for diagnosing nitrogen status. And the chlorophyll content of tomato grown with no fertilizer after the critical time was affected by the level of soil nitrate concentration, which suggested that chlorophyll content after 45 days after transplanting reflect the soil nitrogen supplying capacity. The chlorophyll content of tomato leave was significantly correlated with amount of nitrogen per unit area of leave. It was suggested that chlorophyll content is useful for nitrogen diagnosis of plant. And the chlorophyll content of the 14th leaf at the 40 days after transplanting was significantly correlated with soil nitrate status, dry weight of tomato and nitrogen accumulation in tomato plant grown with no fertilizer. Chlorophyll content for maximum dry weight and nitrogen accumulation in tomato plant grown with no fertilizer were 57.1 mg kg-1 that represent soil nitrate as 200 mg kg-1. This critical level of soil nitrate was similar to those of 215 mg kg-1 and 208 mg kg-1 estimated by dry weight and nitrogen accumulation in tomato plant grown with no fertilizer, respectively. Consequently, rapid test of chlorophyll would be available for predicting the nitrogen supplying capacity of tomato.

의사 결정 지원 시스템의 도구로서의 무효화 가능 추론

김홍기 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

This paper discusses a logical modeling approach that provides useful tools in decision making to support reasoning in uncertain domains and reasoning with incomplete information. For this, first, I describe the inference mechanism of D-Prolog(Defeasible Prolog) that is a nonmonotonic extension of the Prolog programming language. Second, I present an argument based system, named D-Graphs(Defeasible Graphs). which provides tools to help a user to build a knowledge representation of a set interconnected arguments about any domain in a graphic manner. Finally, I consider another form of defeasible reasoning system that takes into account how an agent activates a perspective in response to a situation in which reasoning using a concept is called for and how the contents of each activated perspective is related to the contents of other perspective. I call this computational model PerTh(Perspective and Theory).

신경 회로망과 진화 프로그래밍을 이용한 Off-Line 필기체 문자 인식

김기석,홍인식,천인국 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2000 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.1

Generally speaking, pattern cognition system would be run since neural network is initialized by trained data. Vector, that is obtained from preprocessor, is input of neural network, and result is out of neural network. In case of time cost for pattern recognition, it is needed much more cost for training than cognition. The purpose of this paper is to reduce a cost for training and to increase the cognition speed. In pattern recognition, it is important to choose a recognizor as much as preprocessor. Therefore, back propagation neural network, that has a highly efficient for nonlinear problem, is used in implemented recognizor. Most neural network has a fixed training rate for training. But if it is trained with fixed training rate, oscillation and local maxima problem occurs in neural network, in the result, time cost will increase. Therefore, to improve these difficulties, we use a DTS(Dynamic Training Rate Selection) that selects training rate dynamically in run time. To realize DTS, We use EP algorithm. EP algorithm evolves a training-rate from 1st generation into 5th. Then, we can get a proper training-rate for training of neural network. On results of test, implemented system decreases time cost for training as 5~20%.

Cisplatin 병용화학요법시 발생한 오심, 구토에 대한 Ondansetron과 Metoclopramide의 효과에 대한 비교

김미자,국기용,김태원,박유환,김완중,허경,정춘해,홍순표 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1993 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.18 No.1

Inspite of possible effects for emesis following chemotherapy including cisplatin, nausea and vomiting are the most unpleasant side effects of cancer chemotherapy. None of the currently available antiemetic agents is entirely effective preventing emesis. Ondansetron, a 5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine)_(3) receptor antagonist, has been shown to be effective antiemetic agent in the control of cisplatin induced emesis. Twenty solid tumor patients who are scheduled to receive cisplatin containing combination chemotherapy participated in a prospectively randomized study to compare the antiemetic efficacy and safety of ondansetron and metoclopramide. Ondansetron was given in dose of 8mg intravenous 30min before cisplatin and then 4hours and 8hours after cisplatin on day 1, and Ⅰ.Ⅴ. every 8hours from day 2 to 5. In the metoclopramide group, metoclopramide was given in dose of 2 ㎎/㎏ intravenous every 8hours from day 1 to 5. The control of emesis was graded in the following way : complete response, no vomiting : major response, 1-2 emetic episodes : minor response, 3-5 emetic episodes : failure, above 5 emetic episodes. Complete or major response of emesis was achieved 10 of 12(83.2%) patients receiving ondansetron and in 5 of 8(62.5%) patients receiving metoclopramide, but effectiveness was not significantly different. Ondansetron was at least as effective as metoclopramide therapy in controlling cisplatin induced emesis. Side effects in ondansetron was less than in Metoclopramide.

경도 및 중등도 본태성 고혈압환자에서 Amlodipine단독요법

안기완,서영환,김상도,박윤환,김철,조경상,김완중,홍순표 최신의학사 1992 最新醫學 Vol.35 No.9

CATIA를 이용한 고속가공용 탭핑머신의 구조해석

권혁홍,김지용,하종국 대진대학교 2002 大眞論叢 Vol.10 No.-

In this study the structure analysis of tapping m/c is developed to improve dynamic characteristics. To this purpose a tapping m/c is mathematically modelled and dynamic response analysis of the model are investigated by use of Finite Element Method(FEM). The investigation procedures are as follows. The finite element modelling of the tapping m/c is done with triangular and rectangular plate elements and each node of the elements has 6 degrees of freedom. And this model is idealized as a forced vibration system under impulse load by cutting force. Model parameters, natural frequency and mode shape, and dynamic response for displacement and stress are analyzed by use of mode superposition method. To reduce computing time of dynamic response analysis, lower vibration mode is analyzed with master-DOF and mass participation factor. In this case maximum relative displacement is occured at 17.483 Hz in the right column.