韓國大巡真理會對《大學》思想的解釋與轉化

쫑윈잉(鍾雲鶯) 대진대학교 대순사상학술원 2020 대순사상논총 Vol.34 No.-

본 논문은 한국 대순진리회의 『대학』사상에 대한 해석과 변화를 연구한 것이다. 한국은 한자문화권에 속하는 나라이고, 중국 과거제도의 영향을 받았으며, 또한 주희의 『사서집주』를 과거 시험에서 인재를 선발하는 교재로 삼았다. 조선 유학자 정약용은 실용의 관점에서 『대학』을 해석하였기 때문에 후대 유학자들은 대부분 실학으로써 『대학』사상을 해독하였다. 대순진리회 종통의 최초 연원이 되는 강증산(강일순, 1871~1909)은 이러한 전통의 맥락 속에서 『대학』을 종교적 수행의 관점으로 새로운 의미를 부여하였다. 강증산은 『대학』 특히 「경일장(經一章)」을 매우 중시 하였다. 그는 『대학』을 심성(心性)의 학과 실학, 특히 성의정심의 진실한 수련을 겸비한다고 생각하였다. 그는 『대학』을 신성화하고 신비화하여 『대학』으로 하여금 종교서적이 되게 하였다. 『대학』은 마치 도교의 부적과 같이 신비한 힘을 가지고 있다고 여겼다. 그리고 『대학』의 「경일장」을 읽으면 난치의 잡병들이 모두 치료될 수 있으므로 『대학』을 의료서적이 되게 하였다. 대순진리회의 도주 조정산은 성의정심 사상을 ‘성, 경, 신’과 ‘무자기’로 정하였으며, 성의로써 수도의 으뜸으로 삼았다. 도전 박우당의 상세한 해석과 강한 추진력 하에 현재 대순진리회의 핵심교리와 수도공부가 완성된 것이니 이를 통해 한국 신종교가 『대학』의 ‘성의정심’사상을 발전시켰으며 이로써 그 발전된 현황을 살펴 볼 수 있다. This study focuses on the interpretation and transformation of “The Great Learning” within the Korean new religion, Daesoon Jinrihoe. Joseon Dynasty Korea was a member of the Chinese Character Cultural Sphere in East Asia. The examination and recruitment system of the Yuan Dynasty influenced the Joseon Dynasty for a long historical period. Zhu Xi’s (朱熹) version of The Four Books were accepted and applied in imperial examinations during the Joseon Dynasty. The 18th century Confucian thinker, Jeong Yak-Yong (丁若鏞), overturned and rebuilt his own system for studying and interpreting The Four Books (四書學). Zhu Xi and Jeong Yak-Yong’s systems of thought influenced Confucianism knowledge in that era. The historical figure deified as the Supreme God by Daesoon Jinrihoe, Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山), was trained in the study of The Four Books within that cultural and philosophical context, and this is especially evident in his interpretation and transmission of “The Great Learning.” Kang Jeungsan regarding The Great Learning as deeply important. That text combined Confucian discourse on Principle, Mind, and Practice. In his interpretation, The Great Learning was also a medical and religious book that had holy and mysterious powers. In Mugeuk-do and Taegeuk-do (direct predecessors to Daesoon Jinrihoe), Jo Jeongsan interpreted the concept of Sincerity and Regularizing the Mind and incorporated them into doctrine as ‘Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness’ and ‘Guarding against Self-deception.’ Park Wudang practiced and spread those doctrines to Korea, and Daesoon Jinrihoe devotees continue to follow those doctrines in present times.

The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed NiAl and NiAl with Additions of Ti, Ta and Mo

Yang, Jae-Woong,Ann, Jae-Woo,Hwang, Seung-Joon 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

元素分末 및 合金粉末을 사용하여 Szegvari型 粉碎機로 機械的 合金化 處理하여 니켈알루미나이드(NiAl)를 製造하였다. 또한 Ti, Ta 및 Mo를 追加構成元素로 하는 合金들을 製造하였다. 機械的으로 合金化된 分末들을 高溫壓出 成形하여 1μm보다 작은 크기의 粒子에 10에서 100nm 크기의 酸化物들이 均一하게 分布되어 있는 完全 稠密組織의 材料를 얻었다 또한 NiAl 鑄物을 高溫壓出하여 MA재료와 比較調査하였으며 空氣 중 常溫으로부터 1300K까지 壓縮試驗을 行하여 機械的 特性을 硏究하였다. 機械的 合金化된 材料들의 降伏强度는 각 材料나 測定溫度에 따라 32MPa까지의 영역에 걸쳐 있었으며 T1과 Ta를 含有한 合金들을 제외한 모든 MA合金들은 常溫에서 어떤 微細龜裂 現象도 없이 11.5% 以上의 相當히 큰 壓縮延性을 보였다. 한편 鑄物材料는 2.3%의 나쁜 延性을 보였으며 常溫變形 후 粒界에서 微細龜裂이 確認되었다. 最低延性은 MA材料에서 800K에서 관측되었는데 이는 動的變形時效 때문으로 생각된다.

공기공급방식별 계분 퇴비화의 분해율 비교에 관한 연구

金丙泰,安俊帥,朴泰術 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

Composting has had little practical use in solid wastes disposal until now because of a lack of understanding of process control. Ventilation control was reported to be convenient to operate and maintain good product quality during composting. This study was carried out to compare the degration rate and evaluate optimum temperature for composting of poultry manure by the aeration method. Substrate losses were investigated by the degradation rate of total, dry, volatile matter, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The optimum temperature for composting of poultry manure was estimated by the CO₂ production rate and O₂consumption rate. The period of initial heating stage, thermophilic stage and transition stage in the temperature feedback aeration method was longer 2days than that of constant aeration method The degradation rate in the temperature feedback aeration method was higher than that in the constant aeration method The degadation rate in both aeration methods peaked in the thermophilic region. Dry matter was degraded about 58~59% until the thermophilic region. The variation of gas exchange was similar to that of temperature On the basis of the recommened range of CO₂ production rate and O₂ consumption rate, the optimum temperature range for composting of poultry manure appears to be below 60℃.

Vanillylidene 유도체의 합성 반응에 대한 속도론적 연구

成耆天,金基俊 대진대학교 1995 大眞論叢 Vol.3 No.-

The Kinetics velocity for synthesis reaction of vanillylidene derivatives has been measured by ultra-violet ray spectrophotometer in 20wt% dioxane-H_(2)O at 25 C. It was measured the reaction rate constant of vanillylidene derivatives that can be applied widely following to PH-change at 25 C. Final products that hydrolyzed the vanillylidene certified in vanillin and aniline derivative, and the effect of substitution radical that has affected on synthesis reaction was largely promoted to reaction rate by electron attrating group in acidity and electron donoring group in basic. From the results of rate equation to synthesis reaction, substituent radical effect and final products, It has certified the reaction mechanism of vanillylidene derivatives.

실내외 호흡성분진중 금속성분에 관한 조사연구

박태술 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to measure indoor and outdoor concentrations of metal elements in a office building in the Seoul City. Fine (<2.5 μm) and coarse (>25 μm) particle samples were collected by PM-10 dichotomous sampler and PM-10 high volume sampler at medical school office building of Hanyang University from February to Octerber, 1993. Respirable particulate sampling was taken place both inside and outside the office building. The mean concentrations of indoor and outdoor respirable particulates were 56.6 μg/㎥ and 89.2 μg/㎥, respectively. The result of PCA of outdoor fine particles indicated that the three factors, which will be discussed in this paper, responsible 89.6% of total variance at daytime and 84.6% at nighttime. And major contribution to fine particles seemed to be soil dust, oil combustion, automotive emission, refuse burning and industrial activities, respectively

Adiabatic 하며 Noncyclic 한 경우의 기하 위상고찰

李用山,金洪錫 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

For a cyclic evolution, the value of the geometrical phase is unique. we discuss that, for a noncyclic evolution, it may have two different values in cases with and without measurements in the projective Hilbert space, respectively. that which value of them will be calculated depends on the use of geodesic rule. In order to illustrate this, we propose the calculation method of Berry s phase by the use of geodesic rule in the systems of adiabatic and noncyclic evolution curves.

후천개벽의 종교학적 연구

윤기봉,유승종 대진대학교 1995 大眞論叢 Vol.3 No.-

The main purpose of this study is in the examination of concept of Hu-Chun-Gae-Byuk. The problem of dukkha and diease has alway played an important part in the attitude of Dae Soon and Buddhism. One of the Cardinal and noble truths of Buddhism was that everything was sorrow. And all regrets was of moral origin and the culmination of morality is in theory of Hae-Won. Man is asked to proceed on the course of moral struggles for the removal of diease and sorrow. And so the object of actions and feelings, Charity are the stimulation of moral progress. Conclusionally the concept of Hu-Chun-Gae-Byuk define in terms of its highest ideals and perfection of its moral culture. in Dae Soon thoughts.

선험적 지식은 필연적이고 보편적인가?

김학택 대진대학교 1995 大眞論叢 Vol.3 No.-

Most philosophers have been sought out a priori knowledge which is opposed a posteriori or empirical knowledge and given the pecular place to it. In particular, Kant argued that a priori knowledge must be necessary and universal. But relations of them are not so simple as he thought. A priori knowledge, I think, must be but just not universal, some necessary truths and universal truths could be known empirically. This thesis can be supported by S.A.Kripke. According to Kripke, it is possible to be necessary and empirical propositions. Also if not universal, it is possible to be known a priori. Some proposition can be known a priori not from universal one but from particular one. Meaning of a priori knowledge depends on the nature of apriority, necessity and university. Therefore Kant's assertion that a priori knowledge must be necessary and universal is incomplete. In addition, since W.V.Quine refuted the distinction between a priori and a posteriori, we can suppose that systems of knowledge give a different meaning to a priori knowledge. Thus even though not satisfied with its nature, Kant's account presents important natures of it.

高麗 後期 鄕吏出身及第者의 成長過程

朴敬子 대진대학교 1995 大眞論叢 Vol.3 No.-

The governing group who appeared in the main governing world through the state examinations(科學試驗) is the new illustrious official who had combined the 'civil office(文)', 'official(吏)' and were excellent in the civil office and official. Even though, who could take the examination were the descendants of the village governors, it's not exceeded estimate to say that they all came from native villages. As a result of it, we can expect they entered government office through the state examination(科學試驗) after studying the literature cultures and by depending on the economical background as the local power groups. The village governors(鄕吏) the last period of the Koryo was divided into two groups; the upper group entered the central governor group as the illustrious official through the state examination, the lower group led the village society by remaining there. Those who entered government office in the early year, stepped into the center with making new official class with the excellency of civil office and official protected by the political sovereignty of the Choi house. We obtained following results by observing the political character's change by dividing into three groups; the period of seizure of military, the period of the mongolian interruption and the period of the dynasty changes after the king Kongmin(恭愍). Namely, one group entered government office in the seizure of military period by flattering governing soldier and had power season as the result of it, and another group weighted onlay self-cultivation through the integrity and innocent life. We can expect the former was weakened naturally right after the destruction of the political sovereignty of military. Next, those who appeared in the period of Mongolian Interruption has 士大夫的 attribution(屬性) and weakened against the influential families(權門勢族), but reached the formation of the political governing group which had same interests in politics and economy. The fact that they led the the reformation by participating the 詞林院 整治都鑒, by meeting the king's reforming will assured this. And the successful examinee who came from native village after the king Kongmin(恭愍) systematized the political idea by accepting Sung Confucianism political philosophy. Finally, they could grow up to the governing power station by being political power through the course of confronting with the influential families on the base of political idea matured continuously after the coup of the soldiers. The village governors couldn't enter the service of government office through 蔭敍, but could through the examination(科擧) and the marcial career freely and could grow as the main characters who might managed construction of the Chosun Dynasty. On the other hand, the lower group who couldn't be the governors, remained as 邑吏, 郡吏 etc, and maybe be occupied in several village affairs by degrading as the local administration worker and already lost the original position in the social-economic swirl of the last period of Koryo. We can think that the general understanding, 'the downgrading of the village governor position in the last period of Koryo and the first period of Chosun Dynasty(麗末鮮初)', is the result of only 士大夫 class. On considering all these, we can have the opinion that we may approach the nature of the village officer by observing simultaneously both the acture conditions of the lower group and the upper group which continuously serve in the center after the coup of the military.

The Negative Inauthenticy of Irresolute Existence in Pinter's Plays : The Birthday Party and The Caretaker

Park, Jeong-Geun 대진대학교 1993 大眞論叢 Vol.1 No.-

핀터는 카프카와 베케트의 영향을 받은 실존주의 작가로서 그의 주요 작품 속에 실존적 요소를 담고 있다 특히 "생일파티"와 "관리인"은 실존주의 소설가 카프카의 "시련"과 동일한 주제를 다루고 있다 현대 세계의 기술문명이 고도로 발달되어가고 조직체가 치밀해짐에 따라 그 속에서 생활을 영위해가고 있는 개체들은 자신들의 정체성과 사생활을 침해당하지 않을 수 없다. 거대한 조직체 속에서 한낱 부속품이나 숫자의 역할에 불과한 인간은 자신의 실존적 삶을 결단하지 못하고 도피행각을 벌이거나 은밀한 곳에 은둔하려고 한다 쪼는 자신의 실존을 상징하는 이름을 사용하지 못하고 가명을 차용하여 스스로 자신의 정체성을 부인하기조차 한다 헤롤드 핀터는 이러한 현대인의 곤경을 두작품 속에서 잘 다루어 주고 있다. 현대사회는 특수한 개별적인 삶을 장려하기 보다는 그 사회가 제공하는 안락에 순응하도록 요구한다. 즉 일상생활의 평범함 속에서 습관처럼 무기력하게 살아가도록 압력을 가하는 것이다. 그러나 실존적인 인간은 살아가는 동안 순간 순간마다 자신의 양심의 소리에 귀를 기울려야 하고 자아를 상실하지 않도록 결단력있는 태도를 보여주어야 한다. 헤롤드 핀터는 개성을 인정하지 않는 집합적 사회에 대해서 비판을 가하고 그 속에서 미로를 헤매고 있는 현대인들의 우유부단한 삶을 풍자하고 있다 "생일파티"의 스탠리와 "관리인"의 데이비스는 자신이 속했던 조직체에서 도피하여 자신의 정체성을 속이고 자신의 결단력있는 목소리를 상실한 채 비실존적인 삶을 살아가려 하는 소시민적 희생물로 나타나고 있다. 그들은 죽음을 회피할 수 없기에 그 앞에서 정직하고 당당하게 대면해야 하듯이 중산층의 환상적으로 제시하는 일시적인 비실존적 안락에 대한 유혹에 무릅을 꿇어서는 안된다. 헤롤드 핀터는 이러한 문제에 대한 해결책을 제공하기 보다는 이와 똑같은 상황에 빠져있는 현대인들에게 충격을 가하고 자신의 정체성에 대해 각성하기를 기대하는 것이라 여겨진다.