신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

연료정책에 따른 대기오염 개선효과 분석에 관한 연구 : 대구지역을 중심으로

김차영,백성옥,박영규,최진수,장윤영 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.2

청정연료와 저유황유의 공급확대에 따른 대구지역의 대기오염 개선효과를 분석하기 위하여 향후 1996, 2001년 대구지역의 유종별, 소비부문별 소비량을 추정하고 이에 따른 아황산가스, 분진, 질소산화물 및 일산화탄소에 대한 배출량을 각각 산정하였다. 특히 향후 대구지역 대기중 아황산가스농도에 대하여 개정된 환경기준치의 달성가능성 여부를 연간 총배출량측면에서 검토한 결과 2001년의 아황산가스 배출량이 추정된 허용배출량 이하로 떨어질 것으로 나타나 저황유의 공급과 청정연료 사용의무화정책을 현재 계획대로 추진할 경우 아황산가스 농도는 대체로 환경기준을 충분히 달성할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. A study was carried out to evaluate the improvement of air quality in Taegu area in the years of 1996 and 2001 with the extended supply of cleaner fuels such as town gas and low sulfur fuel oil. The emission quantities of the air pollutants from the combustion of various fuel were estimated with respect to the sections of end-use in this area. With the implementation of the planned fuel policy to this area, the level of sulfur dioxide in the ambient air will satisfy the revised ambient air quality standard based on the yearly total quantity of the sulfur dioxide emission. If the fuel policy is implemented as scheduled, the attainability of the ambient air quality standard of sulfur dioxide will be possible as the total quantity of sulfur dioxide emission will be well below of that of the predicted value obtained under current fuel policy.

대규모 주택단지내의 인공구조물에 의한 숭온화효과에 관한 연구

김해동,이송옥,구현숙 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.7

In mid-August 2002, under clear summer pressure patterns, we carried out an intensive meteorological observation to examine the warming effects due to artificial constructions in a large housing complex. We set an automatic weather system(AWS) at two places in a bare soil surface within a limited development district and an asphalt surface within a large apartment residence area, respectively. As a result of observation, it became clear that the difference of the surface air(ground) temperature between the bare soil surface and its peripheral asphalt area reached about 4℃(13℃) at the maximum from diurnal variation of surface temperatures on AWS data. Through the heat balance analysis using measurement data, it became clear that the thermal conditions at two places are dependent on the properties of surface material. The latent heat flux over the bare soil surface reached to about 300 W/m², which is more than a half of net radiation during the daytime. On the other hand, it was nearly zero over the asphalt surface. Hence, the sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface was far more than that of the bare soil surface. The sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface showed about 20~30 W/m² during the night. It was released from asphalt surface which have far more heat capacity than that of bare soil surface.

NaCl-KCl 혼합 수용액에서의 기체체류량과 물질전달계수에 관한 연구

金相烈,朴東源,崔載旭,韓相玉 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1990 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.2

Gas Holdup and mass transfer coefficient were measured and the effect of activity coefficeent and gas velocity on them was studied. Gas holdup increased as the gas velocity increased, and decreased as the concentration of aqueous solutions of NaCl-KCl increased Mass transfer coefficient increased as the gas velocity increased, and decreased as the concentration of aqueous solutions if NaCl-KCl increased. Correlation equation between the gas holdup and mass transfer coefficient, and the various factors is shows a good agreement with experimental values.

國語와 英語의 時制에 관한 比較硏究

金相玉 건국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.1

In this paper a comparative study has been made of the tense system between English and Korean. The followings are the major important conclusions. 1.Tense= Aspect Is distinctively shown in English, whereas that of Korean can be conceptually discriminated, but my belief is that morphologically tense-aspect can't be separately expressed in Korean. 2.The present tense and present progressive tenst in English corresponds to 'φ (absolute present tense formative)'in Korean. 3.The fact that 'φ' has the meaning of progressive tense is one of the tense systems of Korean. 4.The progressive forms in English are frequently used to express futuristic meanings, whereas 'φ' in Korean is futuristic expression, but nut '-Ko Yiss(-고 있)' 5.The frequency of 'φ' that expresses the past tense is higher in Korean than in English. 6.'o˘ss (었)' used in future tense is either a modalistic usage or emphatic expression, whereas 'the past tense' in English denotes politeness. 7.The past tense, past progressive tense, and present perfect in English are equivalent to 'o˘ss (었)' which is absolute past tense for native. 8.'Kess(겠)' and 'to˘(더)' fall under the modal category. 9.'o˘ss(었)' and 'o˘ss-o˘ss(었었)' are absolute past tense formatives, which expresses the past, past progressive and perfect tense.

무용전공여대생의 신체구성에 관한 비교연구

김말애,임석옥,김민정 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1997 體育學論文集 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the body composition of female by part of dance major in university. For this purpose a total of 32 female students, attending university K in Seoul participated in the study. The subjects were selected randomly 24 female students majored in dance in university(Korean dance: 8, Modern dance: 8, Ballet: 8), and 8 regular female students, who did not have any dance experience. The results of the study were as follows; 1.Skinfolds thickness 1)In factors of triceps showed in Control group 17.71±7.97 mm, Korean dance group 12.98±3.14mm, Modern dance group 11.85±3.48 mm, Ballet group 11.11 ±3.48 mm. Among these group there was significantly(p<.05). 2)In factors of subscapular showed in Control group 11.26±4.59 mm, Modern dance group 9.33± 2.29 mm, Korean dance group 9.13± 1.52 mm, Ballet group 8.74±2.53 mm. Among these group there was no significantly. 3)In factors of abdomen showed in Control group 12.29±5.24 mm, Modern dance group 7.75±2.94mn, Korean dance group 8.58 ± 3.36 mm, Ballet group 6.97± 2.27 mm. Among these group there was significantly (p<.05). 4)In factors of thigh showed in Control group 21.51±8.22 mm, Korean dance group 76.30± 1.92 mm, Modern dance group 15.45±3.08 mm, Ballet group 14.45±3.94 mal. Among these group there was significan11y(P<.05). 2.Body fat 1)In factors of body density showed in Ballet group 1.0633 ±0.0072 g/ml. Modern dance group 1.0615±0.0059 g/ml. Korean dance group 1.0602±0.0031 g/ml, Control groupp 1.0512±0.0144 g/ml Among these group there was significantly(P<.05). 2)In factors of %fat showed in Control group 20.59±6.11 %, Korean dance group 76.82± 1.24 %, Modern dance group 16.34±2.41 %, Ballet group 15.61 ±2.95 %, 킬song these group there was significantly ( p<.05). 3)In factors of fat showed in Control group 10.87±5.62 kg, Korean dance group 8.45± 1.21 kg. Modern dance group 8.14± 1.49 kg, Ballet group 7.76± 1.81 kg. Among these group there was no significantly. 4)In factors of LBM showed in Ballet group 41.67±4.04 kg, Korean dance group 41.61±3.14 kg, Modern dance group 41.51 ±2.47 kg, Control group 39.76±3.36 kg. Among these group there was no significantly.

節補文에 關한 硏究

金相玉 건국대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

In this paper we have reviewed the distinction between the nun - finite clause without 'intervening NP' and tile icon - finite clause with 'intervening NP', with special emphasis on the properties of the syntactic and semantic structure. There is a direct semantic relation between the Expect - class verbs and their main clause sujects, whereas there is no direct semantic relation between the Seem-class verb and their main clause subject. This kind of relation is also true of the persuade - class verbs Intend - class verbs respectively. In terms of the propositional moaning, the Seem/ Intend - class verbs have the same meaning, whereas the Expect / Persuade - class verbs don't. In the light of the thematic manipulation, the change in thematic meaning holds with the Seem / Intent class, but not with the Expect / Persuade calss. Viewed from the syntactic point, the Intend - class verbs have two respective complement within their predicates. The two respective complement, however, expresses a single semantic argument. So far as the there - insertion goes, the Seem / Intend - class verbs allow it, but not the Expert / Persuade class. As with the varieties of the spectrum, so with the various idiosyncratic verbs. It is desirable that we reanalyze and re-classify some idiosyncratic verbs such as allow, make.

동아리 활동을 통해 본 교육 대학 문화 연구

김재영,김지자,조주연,심성옥 서울敎育大學校 學生生活硏究所 1999 學生生活硏究 Vol.25 No.-

학생들의 동아리 활동은 정규 교육 과정에서 충족시키지 못하는 여러 가지 학생들의 요구를 충족시켜 주면서 그들의 사고 방식과 생활 양식 및 여가문화 형성에 크게 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구는 서울교육대학교 학생들의 동아리 활동에의 참여 양태를 분석함으로서 교육 대학생들의 문화의 일면을 밝혀 보기 위한 것으로 자료의 수집은 동아리 활동에 참여하고 있는 학생들(188명)을 대상으로 한 설문지 분석과 동아리 대표들(22명)을 대상으로 한 구조화된 면접에 의하여 이루어졌다. 자료의 수집 분석은 1998년 9월부터 10월에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 동아리에 가입하여 활동하고 있는 서울교육대학 학생들은 동아리 활동이 대학 생활을 풍부하게 하고 여가 및 취미 생활에 도움이 된다고 지각하면서 동아리 활동에 높은 만족도를 표명하였다. 그러나 동아리 활동을 하는 과정에서 경비 부족-능력 부족-학과 수업에 지장 초래 등의 애로사항을 상당수 느끼고 있었고 동아리에의 가입은 흥미와 적성을 고려하여 스스로 선택하는 경우가 많았으나, 실제 동아리활동 참여는 여가활용이나 능력 개발을 목적으로 하는 동아리를 선호하고 학술 동아리의 선호도는 약세를 보이고 있다. 동아리 가입한 학생들의 56%정도가 거의 매일 동아리방을 찾는 실정이며 19%정도가 격일에 한번, 그리고 20%정도가 주 1-2회 동아리방을 찾고 있어, 전반적으로 동아리방의 방문이 상당히 높은 편이었다. 이들이 의미있게 느끼는 동아리 활동은 동아리의 기본 활동이었으나 (46.7%) 동아리 모임후의 뒷풀이(24%)와 친교모임(17.9%), 그리고 공강시간의 활용 (11.3%) 역시 의미가 크게 나타났다. 동아리 모임후 뒷풀이 유형으로는 식사 및 술마시기가 85.1%로 압도적인 활동으로 나타나고 있어 대학가 음주문화가 예외없이 뿌리를 내리고 있었다. 동아리 활동이 대학생활을 풍부하게 하고 교사의 자질함양에도 도움이 된다고 만족감을 보이고 있는데 동아리 활동의 만족도는 임원이나 고학년 학생들에게서 높게 나타나는 편이었다. 한편 동아리 대표들은 학생들의 동아리 가입을 높히기 위한 주요 유인책으로 깊이있는 인간관계를 들고 있으나 동아리 회원의 모집과 학교로부터의 지원 부족 등에 크게 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이었다. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the university culture at the teacher training university in view of their Student Circle Activities. Since Student Circle Activities can help meet the students' needs which can not be met from their regular curricular activities, and can give influence to the formation of their way of thinking, mode of action, and their culture of leisure life etc.. The data was collected from 186 members of 22 Circles with Questionnaires and 22 leaders of these registered Circles at the Seoul National University through interview with structured Interview Schedules in September through October. 1998. The majority of the Circle members expressed higher degree of satisfaction with regard to their Circle Activities in terms of nurturing university life, and help good utilization of their leisure times, etc. However, most of them showed some difficulties in Circle Activity participation due to lack of expenditures, lack of competencies, and some hinderance for the classroom participations, etc. Though they tend to choose their circles by themselves in consideration of their interest and aptitudes, their actual participation appeared to be inclined more to the leisure oriented programs than academic orientation. The leaders and senior student members of the Circle showed more satisfaction than the non-leaders and freshmen or sophomores toward their experience of Circle Activities.

피아노 교육의 어린이 인격형성에 미치는 영향 : 만4세부터 11세까지 아동을 대상으로

김혜경,김송옥 조선대학교 사범대학 부설 교과교육연구소 2001 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.4 No.1

It is a well-know fact that the piano music education has a great influence on the formation of children's character and personality. The curriculum of music subject enacteded by the Ministry of Education also states that Musical talent of child is developed through a desirable music experience and it makes a harmonious personality by cultivating rich sentiment and creativity. This study examines early education to be treated most importantly in piano music education and its subjects are children of four and eleven-year old. In addition, the researcher conducts this based on the actual experiences of piano education, analyzes the proper time of piano education in contents, goal and music education of piano education, examines how piano education affect music education of children nd then is to investigate the effects of piano education on the formation of children's personality.

중학교 가정교과의 열린교육 활성화를 위한 수업 모듈 및 웹 기반 교육자료 개발

신상옥,유태명,한규정,윤지현,홍정숙,김유정,양정혜 한국 가정과 교육 학회 2000 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.12 No.3

This study is about open and secondary level Home Economics Education which is applicable to field and which includes the characteristics, purpose and problems of each open education. secondary education and home economics education. Based on the ideology of open education, this study will identify the meaning of openness in terms of Home Economics Education reconstructing meaning. purpose, characteristics, curriculum paradigm and curriculum. The instructional model and module which use web, will be Presented as the results of the reconstruction works. The open instructional module in Home Economics Education, which will be operated on the web, is consisted of 1)setting the orientation of curriculum development, 2)instructional model development. 3)rebuilding the Home Economics Education curriculum 4)development of instructional modules and web-based materials and 5)construction of the web-site . Six instructional module begin with critical/emancipatory curriculum Paradigm in open Home Economics Education. use module as a unit of class management instead of 1 class. facilitates nest-type integration which is applied from open education keeping the nature of Home Economics Education. and focus on practical problem and problem solving through reconceptualization with dialectical perspective on individual, family and society. The practical problem solving model has four steps : Identifying practical problems. Understanding the contexts of Problem, Searching for solutions and examining its consequences . Action and evaluation . The web-site has to be developed based on the six instructional module includes those issues : self-identification for reinforcing autonomy and self-esteem. living with famity. living with friends, autonomous living. healthy living, and understanding sexuality.