Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

Kai‑Dong Xie,Qiang‑Ming Xia,Jun Peng,Xiao‑Meng Wu,Zong‑Zhou Xie,Chun‑Li Chen,Wen‑Wu Guo 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.2

The unreduced (2n) gametes have long been used in triploid breeding of citrus. In lemon, the previously reported mechanisms for 2n megagametophyte formation were controversial, whereas that for 2n pollen production is still unknown. Herein, the frequency of and mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte and 2n pollen formation in ‘Eureka’ lemon were investigated based on cytological observation and genotyping of the triploid hybrids between ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Early gold’ sweet orange. As a result, 4.79% of the viable pollens of ‘Eureka’ lemon were identified as the 2n pollen with a larger diameter (70.16 ± 3.92 μm). The 2n pollen might be resulted from the formation of parallel spindles at meiosis stage II. Among the 204 plantlets regenerated from embryo rescue following the sexual cross, 12 were triploids as identified by flow cytometry. According to the analysis of heterozygosity transmission using 13 pericentromeric single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 20 randomly distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 11 triploids were identified to be originated from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes of ‘Eureka’ lemon, with a frequency of 5.39%. Among them, nine 2n megagametophytes were supposed to be arisen from the second division restitution (SDR), whereas the other two were from postmeiotic genome doubling (PMD). These results to understand the mechanism underlying 2n gamete formation in lemon are valuable for its efficient polyploid breeding.

통합교육을 위한 부모교육 프로그램 개발의 기초 연구

정계숙 釜山大學校 師範大學 1999 교사교육연구 Vol.37 No.-

교육연극을 적용한 집단상담프로그램이 유아의 친사회적 행동 증진에 미치는 영향 : 또래관계 형성이 어려운 유아를 중심으로

정계숙,김미정,김정은 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2002 영유아보육연구 Vol.8 No.-

This study examined the applicability of creative drama to group intervention for poorly accepted elementary school children. The study was one of the planned variations study series for identifying the effectiveness of the social and emotional difficulties or developmental delays by the Child Counselling and Intervention Center Child Educare Research Institute, PNU since 1998. The goal of the program was to improve prosocial behavior through creative drama on emotion regulation and social skill. The subjects were 6 children, age 10∼13, with poorly accepted elementary school children. The program was composed of total 16 sessions for 16 weeks. Each session was implemented for 90 minutes by intervenient. Every child was observed and recorded on 3∼4 target behaviors after the 4th session. The behavior episodes of each of children were described through all sessions by the assigned observers for each child. The effects of the program were described with qualitative analysis and the behavior episodes related each child's target behaviors. The changes of target behaviors and other related prosocial behaviors of children were different to children. It was concluded that the group intervention program intended to improve prosocial behavior through the creative drama was generally effective for poorly accepted children.

통합학급 장애유아의 또래놀이 가입행동의 지속성과 융통성에 관한 연구

정계숙,김진희 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 1997 영유아보육연구 Vol.3 No.-

AbstractA Study of Disabled Children's Persistence and Flexibilith of Entry Behaviors into Peer Play in Early Childhood ClassroomsKai-Sook Chung and Jin-Hee KimThe purposes of this study were 1) to examine the persistence and flexibility of entry behavious into peer play for young children with disabilities, 2) the differences of the play group size which children try to enter, the types of entry behaviors and peer responses to entry behaviors according to the degree of disabled children's persistence and flexibility.The subjects of this study were 10 disabled children ranged from 4 to 6 years age and selected from 8 early childhood classrooms which include disabled children in Pusan.The measuring tools used to diagnose young children with disabilities in this study were Korean Education Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC) and KIRBS Intelligence Scale for Children(KISC), Language Recognition-Comprehensive Competence Test and Development Measurement Scale.The entry behaviors into peer play of disabled young children were checked with the Observation Checklist of Entry Behaviors for Young Children with Disabilities. The results were as follows :First, the rates of flexibility and persistence of young children with disabilities were mostly high. In total, the rate of flexibility was higher than that of persistence. Second, the most size of peer group which young children with disabilities entered was one child. The high and low gorups of persistence and flexibility mostly entered into single child. The high group of flexibility secondly entered into peer groups composed of 2 children, but the low flexibility group secondly entered into peer groups composed of 4 children.Third, the high group of persistence mostly wated and hovered to enter and secondly selected non-play-related utterance/action. The low group of persistence mostly selected group play-related utterance/action and secondly wated and hovered. The high flexibility group choosed play-related utterance/action mostly, while the low group of flexibility mostly wated and hovered to enter.Fourth, the four groups of persistence and flexibility were mostly(average 70.3%) not accepted by the peers with whom they wanted to play.

대인간 기술(People Skills) 증진 프로그램의 효과 연구(Ⅰ)

정계숙,심미경 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 1998 영유아보육연구 Vol.4 No.-

The study aimed at implementing the social enhancement program, named the People Skills Program for children with problems of social development and describing the effects of the program. As a group counseling program, the People Skills Program was focused on enhancement of children's self-understanding and social skills. Four children from four elementary schools were target children referred by their mother and teachers to the Counseling Depart of Child Educare Research Institutel, Pusan National University. Two boys were in the 3rd grade and two girls were in the 2nd grade. The K-ABC Intelligence Test and the Social Skill Rating Scale were applied to identify whether the developmental charcteristics of the referred children were suitable for the program and the development levels of social skills of the target children. With annecdotal records for 12 sessions, each of the sessions took 90 minutes, once a week, the behavioral changes of the target children were analyzed. Effects of the program were described and discussed.

어머니의 거부적 양육태도로 인한 반항적/적대적 행동문제 유아의 놀이치료 사례연구

정계숙,이은하 부산유아교육학회 2003 유아교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

본 연구논 어머니의 거부적 양육으로 인한 반항적이고 적대적인 행동 문제로 일상생황에 부적응을 나타내는 만3세 5개월 된 유아를 대상으로 아동 중심 놀이치료를 실시한 결과에 대한 보고이다. 치료 과정을 탐색단계, 보호의 시험단계, 실험적 치료단계, 그리고 종결단계로 나누고, 그 단계별로 유아-치료자간의 관계와 놀이에 나타난 유아의 정서를 중심으로 유아의 변화를 펴보았다. 그리고 어머니와의 면담과 전화상담을 통한 모자 관계의 변화도 함께 기술하였다. 그 결과, 유아는 놀이치료 과정을 통하여 자신의 내면화된 갈등과 억압을 객관화함으로써 감정을 조절할 수 있게 되었고 자기상(self-image)이 긍정적으로 변화되어 문제행동이 크게 감소되었다. 또한 어머니의 양육태도와 행동의 변화로 모자관계가 바람직한 방향으로 변화되었다. This study aimed to report the effect of child-centered play therapy for a young child with oppositional/defiant behavior problems caused by rejective parenting of mother. The subject was a 3.5 year old girl. According to the 4 stages of play therapy process such as the exploratory stage, the testing for protection stage, the realistic healing stage, and the terminal stage, the changes of child were described qualitatively on the standards of analysis, the child-therapist relationship and the emotion of child expressed in play activities. The changes of mother-child relationship were analyzed on the basis of data from weekly direct interviews and telephone counseling with mother. The results showed that the child could externalize her own internalized conflicts and constraints resulting from inappropriate and rejective parenting and make her emotion objective through the process of play therapy, therefore the problem behaviors were reduced a lot. Having the regular interviews and counseling with therapist, mother could understand the development of her daughter and change her perception of child’s problem behaviors, and these changes made the mother-child relationship positive. It concluded that not with the child’s own changes, but the changes of mother helped her child to develop a positive self-image, and to reduce oppositional/defiant behaviors.

사회성 증진 프로그램의 유아 사회적 기술 향상 효과에 대한 연구

정계숙,문성숙 부산대학교 사범대학 1998 교사교육연구 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of social enhancement program on the social skills of young children and the differential effects of the program according to sex and the primary level of social skills. The 115 5-year-old children of experiment(n=69) and control groups(n=46) were selected from 4 public kindergarten classes in Pusan. The Social Skill Rating Scale was used for young children's social skills. The social enhancement program conducted for a 19-weeks period was developed on the bases of the model of children's peer-related peer-related social competence suggested by Guralnick (1990). It found that the program enhanced the social skills scores of young children, total and 2 sub-areas, cooperation and self-assertion scores, but not self-control score. There were no differential effects of the program on social skills according to sex and the levels of the primary social skills, except self-control skill by sex. The results were discussed on a methodological aspect for developing and implementing the social enhancement programs.

따뜻한 유아교육공동체 형성을 위한 구성원의 공통 핵심 역량 요소 탐색

정계숙,윤갑정,박희경 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2016 교사교육연구 Vol.55 No.2

The purpose of the study was to examine the community members’ core competences for forming a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community as an ideal model of early childhood education. For this purpose, 6 people including parents, teacher, practician in the communal childcare cooperatives and 6 people including professors, directors teacher, school supervisor participated in the Focus Group Interview (FGI). The results were as follows: The first core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sense of partnership which was characterized by; ‘understanding each other and warm hearted sympathy’, ‘a common purpose for children’s future’, ‘forgiveness and accepting each other’s differences’, and ‘meeting for building a positive relationship’. The second core competencies for developing a ‘warm’ early childhood educational community was sharing of key values between members which was characterized by; ‘establishment of self-identity and community identity’, ‘sharing perspectives and values on education’, ‘willingness for learning together in daily life’ and ‘democratic communication skill and decision-making ability’. Implications for the core competencies development and support toward building a warm early childhood educational community was discussed.

경증 지적 지체유아 통합학급에서의 교육연극 활용 연구

정계숙 釜山大學校 師範大學 2003 교사교육연구 Vol.42 No.-

This study aimed to examine applicability of creative drama to the inclusive classrooms for changing attitudes of general children toward mentally retarded peers and promoting social interactions between them, and suggest an example of administration of a creative drama activity program. Most of inclusive teachers have difficulties for managing their classrooms because they didn't have informations enough about children with disabilities and teaching strategies. Social interaction between children with and without disabilities is a most important benefit of inclusion. Thus, inclusive teachers need the natural intervention strategies for promoting positive relationship between children. Children, even mildly mentally retarded ones, enjoy imagination and dramatic play. Creative drama has various educational and developmental meanings. It is a educational process of making a drama by collaboration and a process of self-development for all children through various experiences with emotional regulation, socially maturational behaviors and free verbal and non-verbal self-expression. Most of all, it doesn't need for inclusive teachers to be trained about the structured intervention strategies based on behavioral learning theories, distancing from developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education. By these points creative drama can be used as a natural routine activity of a preschool daily schedule successfully. It concluded that creative drama could be a effective strategy for changing negative attitudes of general young children toward peers with mild mental retardation and establishing positive relationship between children with and without disabilities.

釜山市人口增加率에 따른 上水道擴張計劃에 對한 上水道의 動脈線(上)

尹快俊 東亞大學校 1964 東亞論叢 Vol.2 No.2

Water is one of the most indispensable necessaries in human life. Though at present towards 68waterworks facilities supply no less than 600,000 ton of clean water, whose rate per capita for a day shows lower compared with the advanced countries.In five great cities including Seoul in this country,they are desparately in shortage of water supply for both drink and engineering. In this thesis, the writer tries to revise all kinds of short-sighted means of waterworks Pusan City has initially established with streamlets only, into a large-scaled one in preparation for a prompt population increase by not later than 1985 with groping some main artery water lines. As the table 9 shows, the annual rainfall does'nt suffice the total necessary amount for expanding population, so Pusan City is strenuously probing for an artificial means of waterworks, cultivating flumes of Naktong River with both routes of "Naktong-Hoedong" and "Mulkum-Kupo". However, The plan of water conduction from Naktong River much deviates from a standard one in the points that water does'nt be irrigated in clean re-servior from its conducting position, only passing through Hoedong Reservior with such preferable points as followings: 1. Standing water in Hoedong Reservior is capable to avail all the year round 2. In rainy season drawing works might be saved, 3. Flume pipes necessary for futher waterworks in preparation for popula-tion increase would much be cut down, etc. In near future, with expansion of the city,said "Mulkum-Kupo" route would be supplemented by the "Sasang-Hoedong-Kamchon"line as a subsidiary route. This plan will perhaps curtail lots of flume pipes,making profitable in hydrau-lic pressure disposition. From this point of view,demand for water supply to Pusan City will be de-pendent mainly upon Naktong River for 10 years hereafter,and for the increased population in Pusan by 1985,the Mulkum-Kupo route would fairly be competent together with for its coastal area.