한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

국제기준에 의한 국내 비자동저울의 품질 평가에 관한 연구

김홍원,남궁재관,김창열,공재향 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

This study is to improve the quality of electronic weighing machine by providing a reformation plan on currently problems of domestic manufactured nonautomatic weighing instruments, and by test items and criteria considering internal situation, on base of identification of quality level of domestic manufactures electronic weighing machine according to the international standards.

연속 저항 회로망을 이용한 국소 광적응 윤곽검출 시각칩의 설계

김경문,김정환,박종호,공재성,신장규,이민호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

다종재료용 RP 시스템을 위한 3D 슬라이서 구현

공용해,엄태준,방재철,김기석 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2001 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

We developed an algorithm that effectively extracts slicing points from STL 3D models for a new RP system which can fabricate various materials. Since an STL file has a simple data structure and contains much embiguity, we considered all the cases between facet positions and slicing planes for effective slice extraction from the STL file, and reduced the overall processing time. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed slicing method was tested by many STL 3D samples.

DM 符號化 信號에 대한 디지털 필터構造

金在功,申宰浩 東國大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

In this paper digital filters which can directly process the introduced DM encoded signal is studied and the structure of the filter is proposed. In order to investigate the characteristics of the digital filter structure proposed in this study, artificial speech signal is generrated and then introduced into the digital filter after DM encoding. The results of computer simulation show that the proposed digital filter structure can be used effectively for direct process of DM-encoded signal.

CCA 처리재로부터 방부제 유효성분의 용제추출

김규혁,공일곤,나종범,조재성,김재진 한국목재공학회 2003 목재공학 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 CCA 처리재로부터 방부제 유효성분을 추출하기 위한 적정 용제를 선정하고, 선정된 용제의 최적추출조건을 평가하기 위 해 수행되었다. 추출수율과 용제의 사용 및 환경 안전성을 고려할 때, 과산화수소가 CCA유효성분을 추출하는 데 가장 적절한 용제로 선정되었다. 과산화수소를 이용한 추출 결과. 추출온도, 추출용제농도, 추출시간 간에 상호작용이 존재하였으나 추출온도와 추출용제의 농도가 높을수록, 그리고 추출시간이 연장될수록 CCA유효성분의 추출수율은 증가되었다. 경제적인 측면을 고려할 때 가능하면 낮은 농도의 추출용제를 사용하여 저온에서 추출하여야 하나, 이 경우에는 필요한 추출수율을 달성하기 위한 추출시간이 상당히 길어지기 때문에 40℃ 이상의 온도에서 추출이 바람직하며 사용할 추출용제의 농도는 추출시간을 고려하여 최종적으로 결정하여야 된다고 사료된다. This research was performed to select an appropriate agent to extract preservative components from CCA-treated wood, and then to evaluate the effect of reagent concentration, extracting temperature, and CCA-treated wood, and then to evaluate the effect of reagent concentration, extracting temperature, and extracting time on the removal of chrome, copper, and arsenic from treated wood. Hydrogen peroxide was selected as the best extracting agent when considered extraction yield as well as use and environmental safety. Its extraction yield was dependent on extracting variables (temperature, concentration, and time), and a highly significant interaction existed among variables. It should be possible to optimize extraction by manipulating these extracting variables. The results may suggest that the required temperature conditions for the reasonable removal of CCA components are at least above 40℃ because extracting time is too long at low temperature (20℃). Reagent concentrations for extracting at above 40℃ should be decided by considering the extracting time.

윤곽검출용 CMOS 시각칩의 수평억제기능에 대한 해석

김정환,박대식,박종호,김경문,공재성,신장규,이민호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

폭식 행동에 대한 인지행동 집단치료의 효과

공성숙,김준기,배재현 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구는 폭식행동을 보이는 대상자에게 인지행동 집단치료를 시행하고 폭식이나 구토 등의 식이행위와 식이태도, 자아존중감, 우울에 미치는 효과를 평가하여, 현재 우리 나라에 급증하고 있는 폭식행동자에게 경제적이고 효과적인 치료모델을 제시하는 데에 있다. 방 법 : 식이장애 전문 클리닉인 M병원에 내원한 대상자 중 EAT-26 검사에서 17점 이상인 44명을 대상으로 5차례에 나누어 8-10명 단위로 각 10회의 인지행동 집단치료를 시행하였으며 도중탈락자를 제외한 27명이 참여하였다. 치료 전후에 식이행위 기록지, 다차원적 식이태도 검사(EDI), Rosenberg 자아존중감 척도, 우울 척도(BDI)를 통해 자료를 수집하였으며 식이행위 기록지는 대상자가 매일 적도록 하여 주단위로 변화양상을 분석하였다. 통계방법은 백분율과 paired t-test를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 1) 폭식과 구토빈도는 식이행위 기록지를 분석한 결과 치료 후에 유의하게 감소하였으며, 변화양상은 치료 2주째 급격한 감소를 보였고 초기부터 종결까지 하향곡선을 나타냈다. 2) 식이태도는 '다차원적 식이태도 검사 (EDI)'로 평가한 결과 8개 소척도 중에서 마르고 싶은 욕망, 폭식경험, 신체불만족, 무능감, 내면자각에서는 유의한 감소를 보인 반면, 완벽주의, 대인관계 불신감, 성장 공포에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 자아존중감과 우울은 치료 후에 유의하게 감소되었다. 결 론 : 폭식행동자를 대상으로 인지행동 집단치료를 시행한 결과 폭식 및 구토 등의 식이행위와 자아존중감, 우울, 그리고 식이태도의 일부에서 유의한 호전을 보였으나, 식이태도 중 완벽주의, 성장공포, 대인관계 불신감에서 유의한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 이 세 변인들은 인지행동 치료를 통해 변화되기 어려운 성격적 요인으로 생각되며, 폭식행동의 감소와 같은 중요한 변인들에 유의한 효과가 있었으므로 인지행동 집단치료는 향후 우리 나라에서도 폭식행동자를 위한 경제적, 효과적인 치료모델로 제시될 수 있다고 본다. Objectives : The binge eaters are increasing rapidly since 1990's in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on improving the frequency of binging and purging, eating attitude, self-esteem, and depression. Method : The subjects were 27 women who showed over 17 on the EAT-26 among binge eaters visited at eating disorders clinic "M". 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy were provided to each group composed of 8-10 binge eaters. All subjects completed the Eating Disorders Inventory(EDI), Rosenberg Self-Eesteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) pre-and post intervention, and recorded daily food records. Paired t-test was used for the comparison of EDI subscales before and after treatment. Results : Frequency of binging and purging, self-Esteem, depression, drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness subscales of EDI showed significant immprovement but perfectionism, interpersoual distrust, maturity fear subscales of DEI showed no improvement after the cognitive-behavioral group therapy. Frequency of binging and purging per week showed a general trend of decline from the beginning to the end of the treatment and a rapid decrease at the second week was noticed. Conclusion : The results of this preliminary study suggest that cognitive-behavioral group therapy may be an effective initial approach for the treatment of binge eating. Future research aimed at replicating these initial results and providing systematic long-term evaluation is needed.

국내탄을 이용한 활성탄의 제조와 흡착특성에 관한 연구

공성호,김재호 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 2001 環境科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

본 연구는 국내무연탄의 비연료 활용을 위해 국내무연탄을 원료로 하여 흡착제를 제조하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 우선 활성탄 원료를 제조하기 위해서 중액선탄 방법으로 저회분 탄을 제조하였다. 파쇄탄과, 미분탄과 석탄 타르피치를 혼합하여 제조한 조립탄을 원료로 스팀과 CO_2로 활성화하여 활성탄을 제조하였다. 활성화 전에 알칼리로 처리하여 화학적 전처리의 영향을 고찰하였다. 활성탄의 흡착성능을 위해 액상으로는 페놀, 클로로포름을 중금속 시험으로는 Fe, Cr을, 그리고 기상용 실험으로는 벤젠, 사염화탄소 등을 사용하여 비교하였다. 활성화 결과 파쇄원탄으로 제조된 활성탄은 표면적 650㎡/g, 조립활성탄은 920㎡/g의 활성탄이 제조되었다. 파쇄원탄을 NaOH로 강한조건에서 화학적 처리한 결과 표면적이 650㎡/g에서 840㎡/g으로 증가하였으며 온순조건에서는 기공부피와 burn-off을 증가시키는 효과를 보였다. 화학적으로 처리된 파쇄활성탄과 CO₂로 활성화된 조립활성탄은 미세기공이 발달하여 기상용에 적합하였으며 스팀으로 활성화된 조립활성탄은 기공이 다양하게 발달하여 액상용으로 적합하였다. TPurpose of this study is development of activated carbons from domestic anthracite for non-fuel use. In order to obtain raw materials for activation, preparation of low ash coals by heavy media separation was conducted. Activated carbons were made with steam or CO₂ from crushed coals and granules made by mixing of pulverized coal and coal tar pitches. Treatment with alkali hydroxides was conducted prior to activation for the investigation of the effect of chemical pretreatment on the activation. Test for liquid phase organic compound removal, heavy metal removal and gas phase adsorption have been performed with phenol, chloroform, Fe, Cr, and with fumes of benzene and carbon tetrachloride. Activated carbons of surface area of 650㎡/g from crushed coals and of 920㎡/g from granules were produced. Chemical pretreatment has an effect on the surface area increase from 650㎡/g to 840㎡/g for the crushed raw coals at the strong pretreatment condition, and on the increase of pore size and burn-off by mild pre-treatment condition. It was found that the activated carbons from crushed coals by chemical pretreatment and from CO₂ activation have well developed microporosity, and that the activated carbons from granules by steam activation have wide ranges of porosity that are suitable for gas phase and liquie phase adsorption respectively.

불화음용수 섭취에 따른 백서골의 미세특성 및 결정구조 비교분석

사공억,김지영,송재상,권용훈,송근배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

The wide spread use of various vehicles for systemic or topical delivery of fluoride is undoubtedly responsible in large part for the remarkable decline in the prevalence of dental caries that is currently being experienced in many countries of the western world. But the effects of fluoride on bone health has been not completely confirmed still now. The aims of this study were to understand the micro-chemical and mechanical changes and the effects of the fluoride on rat femur after administration of various concentrations of fluoride. The three point bending test, surface micorhardness test, fluoride analysis, FT-Raman spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The obtained results ware as follows; 1. Bone strength was increased significantly in the 5 and 25ppm group compared to control and 1ppm group. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease of stress at fracture in 75ppm group than 25ppm group(p<0.005). 2. Surface microhardness of the femur were also increase in the 1,5 and 25ppm groups than control and decreased at 75ppm group, but there were no significant differences in all the group(p<0.05). 3. With increasing the concentration of administrated fluoride, contents of fluoride in the ashed femur were increased. It was the highest in the 75ppm group than other groups(p<0.05). 4. The change of hydroxyapatite to fluorrapatite structure was not differentiated by FT-Raman analysis.