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金載珍 慶北大學校 1958 論文集 Vol.3 No.-
This thesis is to clarify the land organization and social classes of Koryu period. Until now Zong(丁) has been known as the common noun for an adult. It has been thought that Ban-Zong(半丁) referred to the adult above sixteen years of age and that Jun-Zong(全丁) referred to a man over twenty. But in Koryusa (高麗史) I discovered another Zong(丁) referring the amount of an arable land given to such service men as soldiers Goon-In(軍人) and clerks Hyang-Nee(鄕吏). This character sometimes appears as Jun-Zong(田丁), or Zong-Jun (丁田), or Ho-Zong(戶丁). Seventeen kyuls (17結) of arable land or seventeen times the amount cultivated by a serf is called Zok-Zong(足丁). Zok-Zong seems to have been and the upper members of the Hyang-Nee(鄕吏). Ban-Zong(半丁) half the area of Zok-Zong seems to have been given to the middle members of Hyang-Nee and the Provincial Soldiers Il-Phum-Gum (諸州一品軍) Those who were selected as service men and received Zok-Zong or Ban-Zong seemed to hav been called Zong-Ho (丁戶). Zong-Ho seemed to have been the middle class of the Koryu Society with the Yang-Ban (兩班) above them and the serfs below. All arable land seems to have been on the whole delimited with Zok-Zong, which being the measurement of the areal size of the administrative district in the period of Koryu.