이방성 담낭(Bicameral Gallbladder) : 1례 보고

이현경,오연희,김승현,이성우,안우섭 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

담낭의 선천성 기형 중 이방성 담낭은 매우 드문 기형으로 저자들은 우상복부 동통을 주소로 내원하여 초음파, 전산화 단층 촬영, 간담도 스캔 검사에서 이방성 담낭으로 진단되고 수술로 확진된 이방성 담낭(Bicameral GB) 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고 하고자 한다. The bicameral gallbladder is one of the rarest congenital malformation of the gallbladder. A 26 years-old male was examined for the colicky pain in right upper quadrant area. On sonographic examination the lumen of gallbladder was partitioned, nearly completely, into two chamber(fundal and ductal) that are of approximately equal size. There was gallbladder wall thickening with cholelithiasis in the fundal chamber. Surgical finding showed bicameral gallbladder divided into two camber of same size and gallbladder wall thickening with cholelithiasis in the fundal chamber.

濟州道 菜蔬·花卉園藝의 生産實態, 育成方案 및 流通構造改善에 관한 硏究

李宗錫,吳現道,蘇寅燮,張田益,姜志勇 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1986 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.3 No.-

濟州道의 施設을 理用한 菜蔬類와 球根切花類 및 洋蘭類의 재배실태를 調査한 結果는 다음과 같이 要約할 수 있다. 1. 作目이 토마토와 오이에 編重되어 있어 딸기等을 첨가하여 作目이 多樣化하여야 할 것으로 思料되었다. 2. 施設內의 土壤管理에 대한 認識이 不足하며, 均衡施肥가 施行되지 않고 있었고 土壤酸度도 矯正해야 할 농가가 많았다. 3. Mg이 缺乏된 施設이 대부분이므로 이의 是正이 時急한 課題였다. 4. 施設內 土壤에서 鹽類集積의 被害가 우려되는 곳은 거의 없었으나 裁培年限이 5年以上된 施設에서는 土壤改良이 이뤄저야 할 것으로 思料되었다. 5. 作付體係를 改善해서 年 2期作 體係가 確立되어야 겠으며 施設管利技術이 普及, 育苗技術의 改善 및 共同育苗를 施行해서 健全苗의 養成이 重要課題였다. 6. 濟州道內에서 産業的으로 栽培되고 있는 蘭類 中에서 熱帶産 Cymbidium類가 全體 洋蘭 栽培量의 67.8%로 가장 많았는데 그 中에서도 Eiko, sharnell-5, Kenny가 數的으로 많았다. 7. 溫帶産蘭(東洋蘭)類 中에서는 새우난초類가 數的으로 가장 많았고, 나도풍난, Dendrobrum moniliforme, Cymbidium 風蘭의 順位이었으며, 自生寒蘭은 대 40,396촉이 栽培되고 있었다. 8. 供試 5種의 球根類들은 virus 감염이 甚하여 全量이 virus 無病株로 대체되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 9. 서귀포지역의 土壤은 害蟲이 많이 分布하여 球根切花栽培에 큰 위협조건으로 나타났으며 앞으로 도양소독에 대하여 보다 집약적이고 효율적인 方法이 개발되어야 하겠다. 10. 한라산의 고냉지를 利用한 球根의 低溫處理 效果에 對하여 많은 적응시험이 요망되며 道當局은 고냉지의 개발과 利用에 적극적인 지원을 투여하여야 할 것이다. 11. 植栽되고 있는 5種의 球根類 모두 50% 以上이 外國수입에 의존하고 있으므로 國內의 組織培養技術을 利用한 virus 無病良質球根의 生産이 절실히 요망된다. Studies on various cultural practices of vegetable crops, and orchids have been conducted in Chejudo. Followings are the results of such studies. 1. Too much importance has been given to Tomato and Cucumber crops. An additional crop such as Strawberry should be included to broaden the studies. 2. In general, lack of informations on soil managements appear to be prevailing; scheduled fertilization, for instance, has not been performed and pH level must be adjusted on many farm lands. 3. Mg deficiency has been very much in common, therefore, is corection are matter of utmost importance. 4. Problems arising from salt accumulation were nearly unimportant, however, soil improvements through various cultural practices are recommended for those soils which have been continuous cropping for more than 5 years. 5. Planting system should be improved so as to establish 2-crops/year system. In addition, proper extention of various soil management techniques and improvement on nursing techiques are of inportant matters. Commonly sharing community nursing practices must be accompanied in order to provide healthy-seedlings. 6. Among commercially growing orchid species in Chejudo, the tropical Cymbidium species found to be the most widely grown, nearly 67.8% 'Kiko', 'Sharnell-5', 'Kenny' appear to be most in common. 7. Among oriental orchids, Calanthe spp are found to be most prevalent followed in the order of Aerides japonica, Dendrobium moniliforme, Cymbidiums, respectively. 8. The total number of the shoots of Cymbidium kanran being cultivated in Chejudo were found to be 40,396. 9. Virus infections appear to be universal in all 5 species of bulbs studied therefore, virus-free stocks must be essential. 10. Sogwipo-soil, in general, heavily infected by soil-born insects of various kinds are badly affecting bulb productions. More efficient methods of soilsanitations must be studied and introduced in the future. 11. The studies of low temperature treatment on bulb crops by utilizing the high altitude growing in the area of mountain Halla are in great need. An extensive assistance from the provincial government are very much in need in order for the development and utilization of the high-altitude cultivation. 12. More than 50% of the bulbs of the 5 species grown are being imported. Domestic production utilizing 'meristem culture' which enable the virus free stocks are in great demand.

濟州道 菜蔬·花卉園藝의 生産實態 育成方案 및 流通構造改善에 관한 硏究

張田益,李宗錫,蘇寅燮,姜志勇,吳現道 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1986 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The increasement of products and the technological development in Cheju's floriculture can be easily derived from the appropriate climate to the cultivation and the high level of farmer's education. And the economical and social condition around the floriculture have come to maturity. Therefore, if the questions that confronts us are solved and the reasonable supporting method to floriculture rearing is established, the cultivation of flowers will be florished. The rearing methods of Cheju's floriculture are as follows. Fist, the creation of production complex Second, the increasement of modern production facilities Third, the establishment of production and diffusion system of excellent seeds Fourth, the reinforcement of research institutes Fifth, the improvement of flowers distribution structure Sixth, the reinforcement of supporting policy of Cheju provincial administration

Clinical Factors Associated with Response or Survival after Chemotherapy in Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Korea

Lee, Ho Sup,Kim, Kihyun,Yoon, Dok Hyun,Kim, Jin Seok,Bang, Soo-Mee,Lee, Jeong-Ok,Eom, Hyeon Seok,Lee, Hyewon,Kim, Inho,Lee, Won Sik,Bae, Sung Hwa,Kim, Se Hyung,Lee, Mark Hong,Do, Young Rok,Lee, Jae Ho Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 BioMed research international Vol.2014 No.-

<P>Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell proliferative malignancy characterized by immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy and bone marrow infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells. Clinical features and cytogenetics of WM in Asia including Republic of Korea remain unclear. Moreover, no study has reported treatment outcomes in patients with WM treated with novel agent combined with conventional chemotherapy. This study investigated clinical features and assessed treatment outcomes with novel agent and conventional chemotherapy in Republic of Korea. Data from all (<I>n</I> = 71) patients with newly diagnosed WM at 17 hospitals who received chemotherapy between January 2005 and December 2012 were collected retrospectively. The median age of patients was 66 years (range: 37–92 years) and male to female ratio was 5 : 1. Patients treated with novel agent combined chemotherapy displayed higher overall response rate (ORR) compared to conventional chemotherapy alone (92.9% versus 52.6%, <I>P</I> = 0.006). The 5-year overall survival rate was 62.6% (95% confidence interval: 34.73–111.07). Use of novel agents produced higher ORR but survival benefit was not apparent due to the small number of patients and short follow-up duration. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of novel agents in patients with WM.</P>

Preparation of a chemically amplified photosensitive polyimide based on norbornene-end-capped poly(amic acid ethoxymethylester)

Jung, Myung-Sup,Lee, Sang Kyun,Hyeon-Lee, Jinkyu,Park, Moon Ki,Jung, Hee-Tae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.43 No.22

<P>A positive-working chemically amplified photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) developable with basic aqueous solutions was obtained from poly(amic acid ethoxymethylester) (PAAE) as a polyimide precursor and diphenyliodonium 5-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonate (DINS) as a photoacid generator. The norbornene-end-capped PAAE based on 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline exhibited high transparency at 365 nm. The protection ratio of the ethoxymethyl groups was optimized to maximize the difference between the dissolution rates of the exposed and unexposed areas. The acid generated from DINS in the UV-exposed region effectively deprotected the ethoxymethyl groups of PAAE by a chemical amplification mechanism. A 10-μm-thick film of the PSPI precursor system containing 16 wt % DINS exhibited a sensitivity (D<SUP>o</SUP>) of 1100 mJ cm<SUP>−2</SUP> when developed with a 2.38 wt % aqueous tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution at room temperature. A fine, positive, 5-μm line-and-space pattern was fabricated in a 15-μm-thick film with 1500 mJ cm<SUP>−2</SUP> of UV exposure. This resolution is excellent in comparison with those previously reported for chemically amplified PSPIs, and such a film can thus be used as a buffer coating in semiconductor packaging. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5520–5528, 2005</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Scanning electron microscopy images are shown of high-resolution patterns with a film thickness of 15 μm produced from a norbornene-end-capped poly(amic acid ethoxymethylester)/diphenyliodonium 5-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonate system: (a) 8-μm dots and lines/spaces, (b) 5-μm lines/spaces, (c) 20-μm holes, and (d) 10-μm holes. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2005-43-22-POLA21040-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2005-43-22-POLA21040-gra001'> </P>

Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on dams and embryo–fetal development in rats

Hong, Jeong-Sup,Park, Myeong-Kyu,Kim, Min-Seok,Lim, Jeong-Hyeon,Park, Gil-Jong,Maeng, Eun-Ho,Shin, Jae-Ho,Kim, Yu-Ri,Kim, Meyoung-Kon,Lee, Jong-Kwon,Park, Jin-A,Kim, Jong-Choon,Shin, Ho-Chul Dove Medical Press 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.9 No.2

<P>This study investigated the potential adverse effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO<SUP>SM20[−]</SUP> NPs; negatively charged, 20 nm) on pregnant dams and embryo–fetal development after maternal exposure over the period of gestational days 5–19 with Sprague Dawley rats. ZnO<SUP>SM20(−)</SUP> NPs were administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20, and all the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Toxicity in the dams manifested as significantly decreased body weight at 400 mg/kg/day and decreased liver weight, and increased adrenal glands weight at 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day. However, no treatment-related difference in the number of corpora lutea, the number of implantation sites, the implantation rate (%), resorption, dead fetuses, litter size, fetal deaths, fetal and placental weights, and sex ratio were observed between the groups. Morphological examinations of the fetuses demonstrated no significant difference in the incidences of abnormalities between the groups. No significant difference was found in the Zn content of fetal tissue between the control and high-dose groups. These results showed that a 15-day repeated oral dose of ZnO<SUP>SM20(−)</SUP> was minimally maternotoxic at dose of 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day.</P>

A 0.87 W Transceiver IC for 100 Gigabit Ethernet in 40 nm CMOS

Hyosup Won,Taehun Yoon,Jinho Han,Joon-Yeong Lee,Jong-Hyeok Yoon,Taeho Kim,Jeong-Sup Lee,Sangeun Lee,Kwangseok Han,Jinhee Lee,Jinho Park,Hyeon-Min Bae IEEE 2015 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.50 No.2

<P>This paper describes a low-power 100 Gigabit Ethernet transceiver IC compliant with IEEE802.3ba 100GBASE-LR4 in 40 nm CMOS. The proposed bidirectional full-duplex transceiver IC contains a total of eight 28 Gb/s CDRs. Each CDR lane incorporates phase-rotator-based delay- and phase-locked loop (D/PLL) architecture for enhanced jitter filtering. All the CDR lanes operate independently while sharing a single voltage-controlled oscillator and supporting referenceless clock acquisition. To reduce power consumption, a multidrop clock distribution scheme with single on-chip transmission-line (T-line) and quadrate RX and TX schemes without CML logic gates are incorporated. Embedded built-in self-test modules featuring a random accumulation jitter generator enables bit error rate (BER) and jitter tolerance self tests without any external equipment. The TX featuring a three-tap pre-emphasis provides a variable output swing ranging from 478 mV<SUB>ppd</SUB> to 1.06 V<SUB>ppd</SUB>. RX equalizers employing a continuous-time linear equalizer and a one-tap decision feedback equalizer compensate for the channel loss up to 25 dB at the Nyquist rate. The measured RX input sensitivity for a BER of 10 <SUP>-12</SUP> is 42 mV<SUB>ppd</SUB>. The proposed IC consumes only 0.87 W at 28.0 Gb/s with a BER less than 10 <SUP>-15</SUP> on PRBS31 testing. The power efficiency of the proposed transceiver is 3.9 mW/Gb/s, which is the best among the efficiencies achieved by recently published 25 Gb/s transceivers.</P>

식품용 생분해성 합성수지제의 안전성 조사

윤희정,전종섭,김영수,박성희,송서현,구은정,채선영,이명진,Hee-Jeong Yun,Jong-Sup Jeon,Young-Su Kim,Sung-Hee Park,Seo-Hyeon Song,Eun-Jung Ku,Sun-Young Chae,Myung-Jin Lee 한국식품위생안전성학회 2024 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.39 No.2

유통 중인 생분해성 합성수지로 만들어진 식품용 기구 및 위생용품 50건을 대상으로 '식품용 기구 및 용기·포장공전'의 기준·규격을 검사하였다. PLA 재질의 유아식기 1건에서 '과망간산칼륨소비량'이 20 mg/L으로 기준치(10 mg/L 이하)를 초과하였고, 그 외 모든 시료에서는 포름알데히드, 납, 비소 등이 기준·규격 이하로 안전한 수준이었다. 또한 가정에서 유아식기를 소독하는 방법의 안전성을 조사하기 위해, PLA 재질의 유아식기(n=21)에서 반복적인 열탕소독과 자외선 조사에 따른 이행량의 변화를 조사하였다. 반복적인 열탕소독이 자외선 조사에 비해 포름알데히드와 비소의 이행량이 많았으나, 이행량은 매우 낮은 수준이었다. 그리고 유아(만 1-3세) 기준으로 계산한 포름알데히드와 비소의 일일추정섭취량(EDI)은 최대 6.0×10^-4mg/kg b.w./day 및 1.3×10^-1 ㎍/kg b.w./day였으며, 이는 일일섭취한계량(TDI, 0.15 mg/kg b.w./day) 및 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI, 9.0 ㎍/kg b.w./week)의 0.40% 및 10.42%로 낮은 수준임을 확인하였다. 따라서 현 국내에서 유통되고 있는 식품용 생분해성 합성수지제는 안전한 수준임을 확인하였다. In this study, we investigated the migration level of items specified in the Korean Standards and Specifications for Utensils, Containers, and Packages (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notification) for 50 utensils and hygiene products made of biodegradable resins. Our results revealed that one Polylactide (PLA) baby tableware contained 20 mg/L in consumption of potassium permanganate, exceeding the standard of 10 mg/L or less. In all other samples, formaldehyde, lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) levels could be considered very safe and remained below the standard. Moreover, we tested the PLA baby tablewares (n = 21) for migration into a food simulant (4% v/v acetic acid) upon repeated elution at 100℃ for 30 min or UV irradiation for 2 h. We detected increased formaldehyde and As amounts at the repeated 100℃ treatment for 30 min compared to those upon repeated UV irradiation. However, the migration level was markedly low under both conditions. Furthermore, the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) calculated on an infant-to-child basis from the formaldehyde and As migration at 100℃ for 30 min in the PLA sample was at the maximum value, i.e., 6.0×10^-4 mg/kg b.w./day and 1.3×10^-1 ㎍/kg b.w./day, corresponding to 0.40% and 10.42% of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI, 0.15 mg/kg b.w./day) and Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI, 9.0 ㎍/kg b.w./week), respectively. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed that biodegradable synthetic resins are safe to use for food.

부고환염의 초음파 소견 : 결핵성과 비결핵성의 감별진단

이현경,이성우,김순,오연희,이원재,이경섭,강승완,권삼 東國大學校醫學硏究所 1994 東國醫學 Vol.2 No.-

초음파 검사상 부고환의 팽대와 균질성 저에코를 볼 수 있는 부고환염의 진단은 용이하지만 결핵성 고환염 및 부고 환염의 초음파상 진단은 어려움이 따른다. 그렇지만 결핵성 부고환염과 비결핵성 부고환염의 감별진단은 고환의 기능 유지 및 치료 방침에 있어서 중요하다. 저자들은 초음파 검사 및 핵의학검사 소견으로 부고환염을 진단하였고 임상소견 및 병리소견상 결핵성 5례, 비결핵성 18례로 확진한 23례의 부고환염 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 후향적으로 초음파 소견을 비교 분석하여 결핵성과 비결핵성 부고환염을 감별 진단하고자 하였다. 결핵성 부고환염의 초음파소견은 첫째, 비균질성 제에코 소견이 5례중 4례를 나타내었고 둘째, 부위는 꼬리부분이 5례 중 4례를 차지하였다. 셋째, 합병증은 음낭 수종, 격막성 음낭 수종, 국소적인 석회화 등을 볼 수 있었다. 반면에 비결핵성 부고환염은 첫째, 균질성이 저에코가 15례, 고에코성이 3례의 소견을 볼 수 있었고 둘째, 부위는 모체부위가 14례로 가장 많이 차지하였다. 셋째, 합병증은 음낭수종, 격막성 음낭수종, tunica albuginia의 막비후등 다양하였다. 결론적으로 부호관의 꼬리 부분에서 병변을 많이 볼 수 있으며, 비균질성 제에코의 소견과 국소적인 석회화등이 보이는 경우는 결핵성 부고환염을 생각하고 폐결핵 혹은 복부결핵, 신장결핵의 과거력과 고름이 계속 형성되며 외부와 누를 형성하는 등 임상소견과 병행하면 진단이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. Although sonographic findings of epididymitis have been generally described as enlargement of the epididymitis with decreased echogenecity, sonographic characteristics of tuberculosis epididymitis and tuberculosis epididymo-orchitis have been reported in only a few cases. Differentiation of tuberculosis epididymitis from non-tuberculosis epididymitis is important with regard to the management of patient. We have 23 cases of the epididymitis on sonography and scrotal scintigraphy. Based on clinical, laboratory and pathologic findings, 5 cases are tuberculosis epididymitis and 18 cases are non-tuberculosis epididymitis. We compared analysis of tuberculosis epididymitis with non-tuberculosis epididymitis in sonographic findings retrospectively. As a results, in 5 cases tuberculosis epididymitis, conographic findings are inhomogeneous hypoechogenecity of 4 cases and tail predominance of 4 cases. In 18 cases non-tuberculosis epididymitis, there are homogeneous hypoechogenecity of 15 cases and hyperechogenecity of 3 cases and body predominance of 14 cases. The complications show variable such as hydrocele, septated hydrocele, thickened trnica albuginia and also noted calcification of 1 tuberculosis case. In conclusion, if sonography shows inhomogeneous hypoechogenecity and tail predominance and also noted calcification, with clinical findings as pus and sinus formation and history of systemic tuberculosis, it is possible to differentiate tuberculosis epididymitis from non-tuberculosis epididymitis.

Oral Toxicity Study and Skin Sensitization Test of a Cricket

Hyeon Yeol Ryu,Somin Lee,Kyu Sup Ahn,Hye Jin Kim,Sang Sik Lee,Hyuk Ju Ko,Jin Kyu Lee,Myung-Haing Cho,Mi Young Ahn,Eun Mi Kim,Jeong Ho Lim,Kyung Seuk Song 한국독성학회 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.2

Crickets have been attracting considerable interest in the field of nutrition and toxicology due to the global exhaustion of food resulting from a growing population. The cricket is normally eaten in several countries after roasting, similar to the grasshopper; however, safety evaluation data on cricket powder is limited. Here, we performed general toxicity studies of cricket powder including a single, 2-week repeated dose range evaluation test, a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity test in Sprague-Dawley rats, a single oral dose toxicity test in Beagle dogs, and a skin sensitization test in guinea pigs following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines 406 and 408 in addition to Good Laboratory Practice. To investigate the NOAEL and target organs of cricket powder, Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 4 groups: vehicle control, 1,250 mg/kg, 2,500 mg/kg, 5,000 mg/kg dose test groups and cricket powder was administered over 13 weeks after single dose and dose range finding studies in rats based on the results of the single oral administration toxicity study in rats and Beagle dogs. The results of the study showed that the NOAEL of cricket powder was over 5,000 mg/kg for both sexes of rats without adverse effects in a 13-week repeated oral toxicity study and there was no skin hypersensitivity reaction. Therefore, our results reveal that crickets can be widely used as a new substitute food or nutrient resource.