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Cho, In Ha,Lee, Min Jung,Kim, Dae Hwan,Kim, Bora,Bae, Jeomil,Choi, Kyu Yeong,Kim, Seon-Myung,Huh, Yun Hyun,Lee, Kun Ho,Kim, Chong-Hyun,Song, Woo Keun Springer Basel 2013 Cellular and molecular life sciences Vol.70 No.22
<P>Actin plays a fundamental role in the regulation of spine morphology (both shrinkage and enlargement) upon synaptic activation. In particular, actin depolymerization is crucial for the spine shrinkage in NMDAR-mediated synaptic depression. Here, we define the role of SPIN90 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in regulating actin depolymerization via modulation of cofilin activity. When neurons were treated with NMDA, SPIN90 was dephosphorylated by STEP61 (striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) and translocated from the spines to the dendritic shafts. In addition, phosphorylated SPIN90 bound cofilin and then inhibited cofilin activity, suggesting that SPIN90 dephosphorylation is a prerequisite step for releasing cofilin so that cofilin can adequately sever actin filaments into monomeric form. We found that SPIN90 YE, a phosphomimetic mutant, remained in the spines after NMDAR activation where it bound cofilin, thereby effectively preventing actin depolymerization. This led to inhibition of the activity-dependent redistribution of cortactin and drebrin A, as well as of the morphological changes in the spines that underlie synaptic plasticity. These findings indicate that NMDA-induced SPIN90 dephosphorylation and translocation initiates cofilin-mediated actin dynamics and spine shrinkage within dendritic spines, thereby modulating synaptic activity.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1391-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
Graphene–Carbon–Metal Composite Film for a Flexible Heat Sink
Cho, Hyunjin,Rho, Hokyun,Kim, Jun Hee,Chae, Su-Hyeong,Pham, Thang Viet,Seo, Tae Hoon,Kim, Hak Yong,Ha, Jun-Seok,Kim, Hwan Chul,Lee, Sang Hyun,Kim, Myung Jong American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.46
<P>The heat generated from electronic devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), batteries, and highly integrated transistors is one of the major causes obstructing the improvement of their performance and reliability. Herein, we report a comprehensive method to dissipate the generated heat to a vast area by using the new type of graphene carbon metal composite film as a heat sink. The unique porous graphene-carbon-metal composite film that consists of an electrospun carbon nanofiber with arc-graphene (Arc-G) fillers and an electrochemically deposited copper (Cu) layer showed not only high electrical and thermal conductivity but also high mechanical stability. Accordingly, superior thermal management of LED devices to that of conventional Cu plates and excellent resistance stability during the repeated 10 000 bending cycles has been achieved. The heat dissipation of LEDs has been enhanced by the high heat conduction in the composite film, heat convection in the air flow, and thermal radiation at low temperature in the porous carbon structure. This result reveals that the graphene carbon metal composite film is one of the most promising materials for modern electronics.</P>
Time-dependent Changes of Cadmium and Metallothionein after Short-term Exposure to Cadmium in Rats
Cho, Mi-Ran,Kang, Hwan-Goo,Jeong, Sang-Hee,Cho, Myung-Haing Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.2
The time-dependent changes in cadmium (Cd) concentration were studied in Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats during and after Cd exposure via drinking water (10 and 50 ppm) for 30 days. The cadmium concentration in muscle, liver, kidney, blood plasma, and urine, and the metallothionein concentration in blood plasma were determined every 10 days during exposure and every 7 days after exposure for 3 weeks. The muscle Cd concentration did not change during, and neither after, exposure. The liver Cd concentration increased from 1.4 to 3.3 (at 10 ppm) and from 6.1 to 10.1 folds (at 50 ppm) during exposure and remained higher than those of controls in both groups even during post-exposure period. The kidney Cd concentrations were 2.3 to 5.1 (at 10 ppm) and 4.9-14.0 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls during exposure and also remained elevated during the post-exposure period. Plasma Cd concentrations were not significantly different from those of controls in both groups. Urine Cd concentrations were more than 2 folds (at 10 ppm) and 6.5 to 12.6 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls but rapidly decreased over the 7 days of withdrawal. Blood plasma metallothionein concentrations were more than 2.4 folds (at 10 ppm) and 3.1 to 7.4 folds (at 50 ppm), and they remained elevated till 7 days (10 ppm) and 14 days (at 50 ppm) after exposure. Our data support that Cd in urine could be a useful biomarker during Cd exposure period and metallothionein in blood plasma could be as a supportive biological marker for during and post Cd exposure.
Cho, Hanna,Baek, Min Seok,Choi, Jae Yong,Lee, Seung Ha,Kim, Joong Seok,Ryu, Young Hoon,Lee, Myung Sik,Lyoo, Chul Hyoung Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - American Acad 2017 Neurology Vol.89 No.11
<B>Objective:</B><P>To investigate tau distribution in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) using <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 PET.</P><B>Methods:</B><P>Six consecutively recruited patients with CBS and 20 age-matched healthy controls underwent 2 PET scans with <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 (for tau) and <SUP>18</SUP>F-florbetaben (for β-amyloid). We compared standardized uptake value ratio maps of the <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 PET images between the patients with CBS and controls.</P><B>Results:</B><P>Compared to controls, patients with CBS exhibited asymmetrically increased <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 binding in the putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus contralateral to the clinically more affected side and in the ipsilateral globus pallidus and dentate nucleus. Voxel-based comparison additionally showed asymmetrically increased <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 binding in the focal regions of the precentral gray and white matter and in the midbrain, predominantly in the contralateral side. <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 binding in the precentral white matter correlated with motor severity.</P><B>Conclusions:</B><P><SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 asymmetrically binds to motor-related subcortical gray and white matter structures in patients with CBS. This pattern corresponds to tau pathology distribution in postmortem studies, and motor deficit in patients with CBS may be associated with tau accumulation predominantly in the subcortical white matter underlying the motor cortex, leading to disruptions in motor-related networks.</P>
Risk factors for specific methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in a Korean hospital
Cho, Dong Taek,Cha, Hwa Yun,Chang, Hyun-Ha,Kim, Shin-Woo,Chung, Jae Myung,Kim, Jungmin,Lee, Yoo Chul,Seol, Sung Yong,Lee, Je Chul Oxford University Press 2006 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Vol.57 No.6
<P><I>Objectives</I>: To analyse the risk factors for nosocomial methicillin-resistant <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (MRSA) infections caused by different clonal types.</P><P><I>Methods</I>: A total of 134 non-duplicate nosocomial MRSA isolates were analysed for clonal types by molecular typing techniques. The medical records of 90 patients who had documented MRSA infection were evaluated retrospectively.</P><P><I>Results</I>: Two predominant MRSA clones of sequence types (STs) ST239 (<I>n</I>=75) and ST5 (<I>n</I>=39) accounted for 85% of the isolates. Management of patients in the departments of orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery and plastic surgery was identified as a risk factor for infection with MRSA of ST239, while the presence of intravascular catheters was a risk factor for infection with ST5. Pulmonary infection was significantly higher in the patients infected with ST239 strains than in the patients infected with ST5 strains (<I>P</I> < 0.05). The overall mean duration of antimicrobial therapy for the patients with ST239 infection was significantly more than that for the patients with ST5 infection (<I>P</I> < 0.05).</P><P><I>Conclusions</I>: ST239 and ST5 were the predominant MRSA clones in the study hospital. Risk factors were significantly different between ST239 and ST5 strains. The results of this study will be of use in designing larger prospective epidemiological studies for MRSA infection based on clonal types.</P>