한국인 주요우울장애 환자에서 혈중 ACTH, Cortisol 농도와 해밀턴 우울 평가 척도의 신체증상 항목과의 상관관계

여혜빈,김린,함병주,심세훈,권영준,정희연,정한용,한상우,이민수,이화영 대한생물치료정신의학회 2011 생물치료정신의학 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives:Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical(HPA) system dysregulation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Medically unexplained somatic symptoms comprised the predominant complaints of korean patients with major depressive disorder. It might be related to dysregulation of HPA system and somatic symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Hamilton Depression Rating Scale severity and the Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) & Serum Cortisol level in Korean patients with major depressive disorder. Methods:Our study design was prospective. A total 111 hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) at Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center between Jan 2009 and May 2011 were selected. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was measured by psychiatrist. Plasma ACTH, Serum Cortisol levels were analyzed at the time of admission. Results:There are significant correlations(p<0.05) between Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of somatic component(HAM-D 11-15 item) and Plasma ACTH and Serum Cortisol level. However, other HAM-D sub items were not significantly correlated with Plasma ACTH and Serum Cortisol level except somatic component. Conclusion:Our Study results suggest that hyperactivity of HPA axis might be correlation with somatic symptoms in korean patients with major depressive disorder.

항공 예약을 위한 실시간 음성 인식기 구현

이주헌,함동훈,권영헌,이건상 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2002 이학기술연구지 Vol.5 No.-

현재 항공기 예약 시스템을 사용하기 위해서 사용자는 전화, 인터넷 들을 이용하고 있다. 이러한 시스템은 상호 인터페이상의 제약에 따른 불편함이 있다. 본 논문은 음성 인식 기술을 바탕으로 보다 쉽고, 편리하게 항공기 예약 시스템을 사용할수 잇도록 실시간 인식기를 구현하였다. 음성 DB(database)는 인터넷상 예약 모델 시나리오에 기초하여 70여개의 단어에 대하여 5명의 화자에 대하여 20번씩 발음한 것을 이용하였다. code-book은 tri-phone을 기반으로 작성 하였으며,인식 속도의 향상을 위하여 인식 어휘에 따라 4종류로 code-book을 분리하여 5명의 훈련화자에 대해서는 선택 출발 도착지별 99.41%, 예매 인원수별 90.13%, 월별 74.17%, 일별 86.21%의 인식률을 얻었으며,테스트 화자(2명의 화자가 70여개의 단어에 대하여 5번씩 발음)에 대해서는 선택 출발 도착지별 97.47%, 예매 인원수별 90.00%, 월별 48.33%, 일별 75.48%의 인식률을 얻었다. Usually a user makes a reservation of airplane, through phone or internet etc. This brings some inconvenience such as restriction of mutual interface. This paper studies a realtime speech recognizer by which user conveniently makes use of aircraft It reservation system. We construct a speech database, which is based on the scenario of the reservation model in the Internet service, by recording 70 words pronounced by 5 speakers 20 times. Also for improving the recognition speed, we compose the code-book with four parts(departure and arrival, head count, month, and day). Then the recognition rates of 5 trained speakers are99.41% for departure and arrival section, 90.13% for the head count in advance purchase,74.17% for a month, and 86.21% for a day, and ones of 2 test speakers are 97.47%, 90.00%,48.33%, and 75.48%, respectively.

방사선 및 기관지경검사상 잠재성이었던 폐의 상피내 암종 1예

정희순,한성구,심영수,김건열,한용철,김주현,박인애,함의근 서울大學校 醫科大學 結核硏究所 1988 結核硏究所 硏究報告 Vol.2 No.1

한국의 노인우울증 환자에서 조발성 우울증과 만발성 우울증의 임상증상의 비교

박기홍,이화영,함병주,이민수,Park, Ki-Hong,Lee, Hwa-Young,Ham, Byung-Joo,Lee, Min-Soo 대한생물정신의학회 2010 생물정신의학 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives : Clinical differences between elderly patients with early and late onset depression have been described although these have been inconsistent. We aimed to compare differences of clinical symptoms using the 17 items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D-17) between two groups. Methods : Data of 175 elderly patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV from January 2005 to November 2009 were collected. Seventy five patients were early onset depression and one hundred patients were late onset depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for depression. Results : There were some differences in HAM-D-17 scores between early and late onset depression. Early onset depression patients scored significantly higher in retardation(t = 2.41, p = 0.017) and somatic symptoms( general)(t = 2.37, p = 0.019) than late onset depression patients. Conclusion : We concluded that early onset depression patients have more severe psychomotor retardation and general somatic symptoms than late onset depression patients in Korea. Because of some limitations of this study, further investigations will be needed to validate this study results.

Case Reports : A Synonymous Genetic Alteration of LMX1Bin a Family with Nail-Patella Syndrome

Joo Ho Ham,Seok Joon Shin,Kyu Re Joo,Sung Min Park,Hye Young Sung,Joong Seok Kim,Jin Soo Choi,Yeong Jin Choi,Ho Cheol Song,Eui Jin Choi 대한내과학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.24 No.3

The gene responsible for nail-patella syndrome, LMX1B, has recently been identified on chromosome 9q. Here we present a patient with nail-patella syndrome and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. A 17-year-old girl visited our clinic for the evaluation and treatment of proteinuria. She had dystrophic nails, palpable iliac horns, and hypoplastic patellae. Electron microscopy of a renal biopsy showed irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. A family history over three generations revealed five affected family members. Genetic analysis found a change of TCG to TCC, resulting in a synonymous alteration at codon 219 in exon 4 of the LMX1B gene in two affected family members. The same alteration was not detected in an unaffected family member. This is the first report of familial nail-patella syndrome associated with an LMX1B in Korea mutation, However, we can not completely rule out the possibility that the G-to-C change may be a single nucleotide polymorphism as this genetic mutation cause no alteration in amino acid sequence of LMX1B. (Korean J Intern Med 2009;24:274-278)

다양한 식물들을 이용한 Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Mannhemia haemolytica 및 Salmonella gallinarum 항균 추출물 탐색

Ham Young-Joo,Yang Jin-Ho,Na Chong-Sam 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Antibacterial activity is an important feature for the development of antibiotics alternatives. Plant extract is considered as a promising alternative for organic farming. In this study, a total of 11 plants were extracted using ethanol to determine their antibacterial activities against to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Mannheimia haemolytica and Salmonella gallinarum. The synergistic interaction among plant extracts was also investigated. Plants used in this study were Carthamus nctoricus L. (pA), Poncirus trifollata Raf. (pB), Scutellaria balcalensis Georgi (pC) Prunus sargentii (pD), Cucurbita moschata DUCH Leaf (pE), Allium cepa L. peel (pF) Portulaca oleracea L. (pG), Xanthium strumarium L. (pH), Duchesnea chrysantha (pI), Cudrania tricuspidata (pJ) and Juniperus chinensis L. (pK). The pB and pA had the most broad antibacterial spectrum and the highest activity against to Staph. aureus among plant extract, respectively. In the synergistic interaction, the mixtures of pA and pC as well as pA and pF had batter antibacterial activity against to Staph. Aureus compared with other mixtures.

Transdermal Penetration of Synthetic Peptides and Their Penetration Enhancement Caused by Some Terpene Compounds

Ham, Seung-Wook,Kang, Myung-Joo,Park, Young-Mi,Oh, Il-Young,Kim, Bo-Gyun,Im, Tae-Jong,Kim, Sung-Hee,Choi, Young-Wook,Lee, Jae-Hwi Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.9

The work presented in this paper represents a study of the rate and extent of transdermal penetration of three synthetic hexapeptides consisting only of glycine (Gly) and phenylalanine (Phe) as the constituent amino acids and they include Phe-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly (Pep-1), Phe-Phe-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly (Pep-2), and Phe-Phe-Phe- Gly-Gly-Gly (Pep-3). The present study demonstrated the extent to which the peptides having a high metabolic stability were transdermally transported from the various vehicles. The results of this study appear to indicate that minor differences in the lipophilicity of the synthetic hexapeptides have a slight influence on the rate and extent of transport. In the presence of terpene permeation enhancers, together with ethanol (i.e., menthone/ EtOH, carveol/EtOH or cineole/EtOH), the peptides were more rapidly penetrated through the skin and among the terpenes tested, cineole was the most effective for all three peptides. The maximum enhancement ratio of approximately 2 was achieved by cineole in 50% ethanol solution.

발효 애기똥풀 주정추출물의 항균 및 항산화활성에 있어 발효 균주의 효과

Ham Young-Joo,Shin Young-Keun,Choi Nag-Jin,Kang Sang-Mo 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermentation on biological activity of Chelidonium majus var asiaticum and to screen effective starter culture strains. Antibacterial activity against to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella gallinarum and antioxidant activity as free radical scavenging activity by using DPPH were tested. Total six starter culture strains, two of Lactobacillus brevis, one of Lactobacillus plantarum and three of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. Plant extract was prepared after fermentation by using ethanol. All strains showed normal growth in viable cell counts of fermented cultures and L. plantarum showed the highest cell growth significantly (p

집단분쟁의 해결을 위한 새 지평의 모색

함영주(Ham, Young Joo) 중앙법학회 2018 中央法學 Vol.20 No.2

현대사회에서 드물지 않게 발생하는 대규모 집단피해 사건 또는 대규모집단분쟁의 해결문제는 단순한 정권차원의 호오(好惡)와 정치권력의 유·불리에 따라 대처방법이 달라질 수 있는 문제가 아니라 산업화된 모든 국가에서 각국의 내부 사정을 감안하여 효율적이고 합당한 나름의 해결방법을 찾아내야 하는 21세기의 국가가 당면한 주요과제라고 할 수 있다. 현대사회는 시스템 경쟁의 시대라고 할 수 있다. 세계에서 가장 다양한 시스템을 많이 갖추고 있다고 가장 좋은 시스템을 갖추고있다고 할 것도 아니다. 상호연계가 잘 되는 효율적인 시스템이 아니라면 시스템 상호간의 충돌로 기존의 시스템도 망치는 일이 벌어질 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 근래 4차 산업혁명에 대한 논의를 위시하여 현대는 지식이 힘인 시대에서 사고력과 창의력이 힘인 시대로 가고 있다. 이러한 시대에는 제도가 얼마나 많이 활용되느냐의 기준보다 그 제도가 전체 시스템을 얼마나 잘 돌아가게 만드느냐가 더욱 중요할 수가 있다. 5년에 한 건 정도의 소송밖에 없다고 해도 사회 전체의 시스템을 개선하는 효과가 있는 시스템 개혁 소송(system reform litigation)이라면 존재 그 자체로도 효용이 있을 것이기 때문이다. 헤겔은 인류역사를 자유의확대과정으로 보았다. 이에 보태어 필자는집단소송의 역사를인간개인의자유와인간개인의목숨값을확보해가는과정으로보고자한다. 특히 미국의대표당사자소송은제대로 기능하는경우에 용기있는 소수가 현실적인 여건 때문에 침묵하는 다수를 위하여 정의를 구현해 주는 도구로 기능할 수 있는 제도가 될 수도 있다고 생각한다. 다만 제도와 그것을 운용하는 사람의 한계 때문에 발생하는 문제점 또한 적지않다는 점을 유의할 필요가 있다. Solving the problem of large-scale damages and disputes in the modern society is not a problem that can be coped with any special government or specific political party. That is every industrialized country"s major task in the 21st century, which could manage to be solved in an appropriate system according to the legal circumstances of each country. At the same time, modern age could be an age of systematic competition. The more diverse system itself doesn"t guarantee the most efficient system in the global world. That"s because the new system is not interconnected each other as a whole system with the old one, it could work rather ruinous or burdensome to the old system. In addition, with the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, modern age is moving into the era stressing on the thinking- and creativity power. In this age, well designed efficient one whole system is more important than many contradicting systems. The system reform litigation like class action which has the effect of improving the system of society as a whole, even if there is only one lawsuit filed every five years, could be very useful. Philosopher Hegel saw human history is an extension history of freedom. I would like to see the history of class and group action as a process of securing the freedom of individual and the value of individual"s life value. In particular, the U. S. class action system could be work the system that a few good man can do the right thing for the silent majority due to the economic and political hardships. In addition to the class action system itself, the processes of Korea state commission whether to restart construction on Gori nuclear power plant and U. S. September 11th Victim Compensation Fund are also need to be researched at the point of governance. However, it could also noted that many problems arising out of inabilities of the people who manipulates the system and training and fostering process expert.

대리인비용과 변호사 직역에 대한 신뢰 -정보의 비대칭성과 전관예우에 대한 논의를 포함하여-

함영주 ( Young Joo Ham ) 한국협상학회 2015 협상연구 Vol.18 No.1

우리 변호사법은 이러한 공공성을 담보하기 위하여 개인 변호사에게 높은 윤리기준을 요구하고 개업을 위한 변호사회의 등록에 심사절차를 도입하고 있으며 비행을 행한 변호사를 징계하는 절차를 마련하고 있다. 문제는 변호사법에서 정한 변호사 역할이 법률현장의 ‘실제 변호사의 역할’과 괴리가 매우 크다는 사실이다. 즉, 우리 변호사법에서는 변호사를 ‘공익의 수호자’로 높이 잡고 있으나, 현실의 변호사는 오히려 위 규정을 구실로 의뢰인의 이익마저 저버리고 자신의 이익만을 추구하고 있는 경우가 적지 않기 때문이다. 변호사의 공공성 추구와 의뢰인의 이익을 해치는 것은 분명 구별되어야 한다. 왜냐하면 변호사 개인의 편의를 위하여 의뢰인의 이익을 해치는 행위를 공공성이라는 이름으로 정당화할 수는 없기 때문이다. 대리인비용(대리인 문제; agency cost)의 문제는 변호사가 당장 눈앞의 자기이익을 우선시하여 의뢰인에게 해를 끼치는 것으로 장기적으로 변호사 자신에 대한 신뢰저하는 물론이고 변호사 업계 전반에 대한 불신과 함께 국가사법시스템을 무너뜨린다는 점에서 결코 사적인 사건이라고 할 것이 아니다. 의뢰인 이익침해의 원인은 의뢰인과 변호사 간 정보의 비대칭성(asymmetric information) 또는 감추어진 정보(hidden information)로 의뢰인들이 열등한 상품을 선택하기 때문에 발생하는 현상이라고 할수 있다. 이를 달리 역선택(adverse selection)이라고 하기도 한다. 변호사 광고를 금지하거나 변호사의 기존 사건의 수행에 대한 통계를 공개하지 못하도록 하는 경우 이러한 경향은 더욱 강화될 수 있다. 전관선호의 딜레마가 발생하는 환경이 조성 되기도 한다. 우리 대법원이 다수의견으로 승소율이나 전문성 지수는 위법한 행위가 아니나, 인맥지수는 변호사들의 개인정보에 관한 인격권을 침해하는 위법한 것이라고 판단한 사례도 의뢰인과 변호사간 정보의 비대칭성을 강화한다는 점에서 국가의 사법정책 방향의 설정이라는 측면에서 적절하지 않다. 변호사들간의 인맥관계를 계산하지 못하게 하는 것은 장기적으로 사법수요자들의 의혹을 증대시키고 사법분야의 신뢰를 떨어뜨리는 요인이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 변호사 수가 급증하고 있고 법률시장의 개방도 목전에 두고 있는 현실에서 국내 변호사에 대한 소송당사자들의 신뢰는 곧 우리의 사법서비스 분야 전반에 대한 대외 경쟁력과 동일한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 법률분야 전반의 신뢰를 떨어뜨리는 요소에 대한 적극적인 제도적 개선작업이 긴요하다. Korean lawyers, who are qualified lawyers by the Korea Lawyer’s Act, have been required as a public character of enhancing public good at the time of practicing. For this backgrounds, the law also asking for the lawyer to follow high level of ethical standards, to registrate on the Korean Bar Association (KBA), to impose sanctions for bad lawyers. The problem is that the asking level of the Korea Lawyer’s Act is one thing, and the judicial reality is another. Many practicing lawyers are pursuing their own interest contradictory to their client’s interests. Some of them are deceive or make a threat against their own clients making bad use of asymmetric information between lawyer and clients. Lawyers are make the usual excuses for their bad habits as an enhancing act of public good according to the Korea Lawyer’s Act. The public character of the Korean lawyer to enhance public good need to be differentiate to deceive or make a threat client. That’s because the act of deceive or make a threat client could not be justify in the name of public good or interest. These bad legal practices are usually due to agency cost of lawyers. Agency cost of lawyer fundamentally originates from the small numbers of lawyers in contrast with legal cases for a long time in Korea. Agency cost of lawyer also originates from asymmetric information or hidden information between lawyer and client. This could induce adverse selection on the lawyer market. The ad restrictions on the lawyer and strict restriction of open legal concerned statistics also problematic part. The Korea Supreme Court hold the opinion that winning rate of lawyer, guotient of professionalism could allowable, but the index of personal connections could not open to the public. Korea Supreme Court majority opinion [Korea Supreme Court 2011. 9. 2. sentence 2008da42430 en banc] is not justifiable on the present condition that the practice in judicial circles in which judges or prosecutors who become lawyers are taking advantage of their personal connections established while serving on the bench. Nearly all top court justices, judges and prosecutors has been practicing lawyer in law firm after retirement in Korea also the factor of degrading trust on judicial branch and lawyers. Opaque legal information system also bringing about continuing decrease of trust on the lawyer and misleading legal demand in the market. It needs to be actively deterred by the establishing open legal information system. Establishing open legal information market could be one of the possible methods of upgrading trust of lawyers and legal branch in Korea at the imminent time of open world legal market.