생활치 미백제가 우치 법랑질의 투명도에 미치는 영향

김동준,김영주,김학근,박은종,서은주,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.3

본 연구에서는 현재 임상에서 home bleaching을 위해 사용되고 있는 표백 재료들이 치아 법랑질의 투명도에 어떠한 변화를 일으키는지 고찰해 보고자 시행하였다. 실험 대상으로는 하루 전 발거한 우치 (bovine tooth)를 사용하였다. 치아의 순면에 수직되게 다이아몬드 드릴을 이용해 수주 하에서 직경 6 mm의 원통형 치아 시편을 만들어 순면이 노출된 상태로 투명한 아크릭 레진에 포매한 후, low speed diamond saw (Isomat, Buehler Co., USA)를 사용하여 1.2 mm 두께로 절단하였다. 절단된 시편은 순면을 먼저 편평하게 연마하고,절단된 면을 연마하여 두께 1 mm의 시편을 완성하였다. 완성된 시편(우치 25개)을 무작위로 추출하여 3개의 그룹으로 나누고 나머지는 대조군으로 하였다. Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide, Ultradent, Milford, USA), Rembrandt (10% carbamide peroxide, DenMat, USA) 및 Opalescence F(15% carbamide peroxide with fluoride, Ultradent)를 시편의 순면에 1주일 동안 적용 (표백제는 24시간마다 교체)하였고, 설측면은 증류수를 적신 거즈에 접촉된 상태로 보관하였다 표백제를 적용하기 전과 적용 3, 5, 7일째에 시편의 삼자극치 X, Y, Z 값을 색채색차계 (Color & Color Differencemeter, Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co., Japan)로 백색 배경판과 흑색 배경판 상에서 측정하였다 백색 배경판과 흑색 배경판 상에서 측정된 Y값의 평균값을 이용해 contrast ratio를 계산하였다 얻어진 값을 One Way Repeated Measured ANOVA를 이용하여 통계 처리한 결과 10% Opalescence처치군, 15% Opalescence-F처치군 및 대조군에서는 통계적으로 유의할만한 증감을 보이지 않았고, Rembrandt처치군에서는 Contrast ratio가 증가하였다 (p < 0.01) . This study was done to evaluate whether vital bleaching agents could influence on the translucency of the bovine enamel. The anterior bovine teeth that were extracted one day before and without any gross discoloration were obtained and then were preserved in physiologic saline. 6 mm cylindrical tooth specimens were fabricated with diamond puncher perpendicularly on labial surface of bovine tooth. After embedded in transparent acrylic resin with labial surface being exposed, they were cut to a thickness of 1.2 mm with low speed diamond saw (Isomat, Buehler Co., Lake Bluff, IL, USA). They were smoothly ground to 1 mm thickness of enamel with sandpaper. 24 specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups and control group respectively. Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide, Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), Rembrandt (10% carbamide peroxide, DenMat, USA) and Opalescence F (15% carbamide peroxide with fluoride, Ultradent, USA) were applied on labial sides of the bovine enamel for 7 days (bleaching agents were reapplied every 24 hours) and the opposite surface was contacted to cotton that soaked in distilled water. The control group was soaked in distilled water. Three stimulus value X, Y and Z were evaluated with colorimeter (Color ' Color Differencerneter, Model TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co., Japan) on the labial surface of all specimen three times on white and black background plate before the bleaching agents were applied and on 3rd, 5th and 7th day after applied. The degree of translucency was normally assessed by measuring the inverse property, opacity (contrast ratio). 10% Opalescence, 15% Opalescence-F, and control group showed no significant variation in the translucency of bovine enamel, However Rembrandt decreased the translucency of it (p < 0.01).

위암수술 환자에서의 cp 개발과 cp적용에 따른 질 향상 활동에 관한 연구

임은주,황순휘,박도중,하광일,배현주,김형호 한국의료QA학회 2006 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Background : In an era of increasing medical costs, safe reduction in postoperative stay has become a major focus to optimize utilization of healthcare resources. The authors aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the critical pathway(CP) for gastrectomy patients by implementing standardized postoperative management and electronic medical records. Method : From August 2006 to April 2007, critical pathways were introduced to inpatients and outpatients with gastric cancer. 60 consecutive patients undergoing distal gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups; 30 CP group(A) and 30 non-CP group(B). Simultaneously, we also retrospectively reviewed the records of 438 patients(C:control group) who were able to be enrolled in CP program. We compared group(A) with (B), (C) in terms of hospital stay, complication rate, use of antibiotics and hospital costs. Patient satisfaction was surveyed by questionnaires. Result : There was no significant demographic difference between group(A) and (B). Of 30 patients in group(A), 5 drop-outs and 14 variances occurred. The mean postoperative hospital stays(Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy: LADG/Open distal gastrectomy: ODG) were 7.6/10.5 days for the group(A), 8.9/12.7 days for the group(B) and 12.6/14.5 days for the group(C) (p=0.02 in LADG). The total hospital cost of group(A) had a tendency to be less than that of group(B) and the amount of hospital cost per day in group(A) was significantly higher than that in group(B). The usage rates of the first generation antibiotics were 73.33%, 63.33%, and 59.2% in group(A), (B), and (C), respectively. Patients’ satisfaction had a tendency to be higher in the CP group than non-CP group. Conclusion : The mean hospital stay in LADG patients was shortened meaningfully and hospital cost per day was enlarged after introduction of clinical pathway. It is necessary to apply a number of patients to the critical pathway and to make an effort to reduce the variation and drop-out rates.

오매(Fructus Mume)의 항산화물질의 분리 및 특성연구

황현주,안은미,백남인,조재선,김해영 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.19 No.-

천연물로부터 새로운 항산화제를 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 한방에서 사용되는 한약재 중의 하나인 오매(烏梅)의 물 추출물과 메탄을 추출물 및 순차 분획물에 대해 팜유, 우지와 돈지를 기질로하여 유지저아시험, Rancumat method, 전자공여작용 등으로 항산화성을 확인한 결과, EtOAc 분획물에서 강한 항산화 활성을 나타내어 column chromatography, thin layer chromatography를 통하여 활성성분에 관한 연구를 시도하였다. 1. 오매 용매분획물 중 EtOAc 분획물(400 ppm)은 유지저장실험(60℃)에서, 팜유, 우지와 돈지에 모두 우수한 효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 우지에서 높은 활성을 나타내었고, BHA(200 ppm)와 α-tocopherol(200 ppm)보다 활성이 높았다. 2. 오매 EtOAc 분획물(400 ppm)은 Rancimat method에서는 팜유, 우지와 돈지에 비교적 우수한 효과를 나타내었으며, 우지에서 AI가 4.39로 상당히 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 3. 오매의 용매분획물 중 EtOAc 분획물이 DPPH라디칼에 대한 강한 소거활성을 나타내었으며, 그 활성은 EtOAc 분획물의 농도에 의존하여 증가하였고, SC_(50)은 21.2μg/ml이었다. 4. 오매 EtOAc 분획물에서 분리한 8개 획분 중 E4에서 SC_(50)이 16.7μg/ml으로 높은 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성을 나타내었으며, 원인 물질은 여러 가지 스펙트럼 측정 결과 수종 물질이 혼합물인 것으로 밝혀져, 보다 순수한 형태로의 분리 후 정확한 동정의 시도가 요구되었다. Fructus Mume is the roasted hits of Prunus mwme and has been used as tradibonal Chmese medicine. The anboxidatwe effect of the extract from Fructus Mume was measured using different methodsn such as, electron donating abdihes(EDA), Rancimat and oven tests. The methanol extract obtained from the Fructus Mume was solvent-fractionated with ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidative activity among them. To identify the compounds with antioxidative activity, the isolates from thm layer chromatography were studied further. This study demonstrates that Fructus Mume might be useful for the prevention or treatment of disorders associated with oxidative damage.

제2형 근관의 확대에 따른 최종근관장파일 크기의 비교

정은주,이동균,백신영,황호길 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.5

제2형의 근관형태를 갖는 치아에서 각각의 근관을 모두 근관장까지 확대한 경우,여러 확대기구에 따른 최종근관장파일의 크기를 상호 비교하여 얼마나 많은 변화가 있었는지를 분석하고자 치근 우식이 없고 치근단공 형성이 완료되었으며 2개의 근관 입구에서 시작하여 하나의 치근단공을 갖는 제 2형의 근관형태를 보이는 상악 소구치,상악 대구치의 근심협측 치근 및 하악 대구치의 근심 치근을 선택하여 확대기구에 따라 KF 군, PT 군,HS 군, K3 군으로 분류하고 치경부 조기 확대를 시행하였다. 초기근관장파일이 15번 크기인 지아를 각 군당 20개씩 무작위로 선택하였고,모든 근관을 각 군에 해당되는 30번 크기의 파일까지 제조회사의 지시에 따라 확대를 시행한 후,촉감과 universal testing machine을 이용하여 최종근관장파일의 크기를 결정하였다. 각 군의 최종근관장파일의 크기와 제거 시 요구되는 힘의 크기에 대한 유의성 검증은 one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 비교 분석하였으며,사후검정은 Tukey HSD test를 이용하여 0.05의 유의수준에서 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 제2형의 근관형태를 갖는 치아의 근관확대 시,모든 근관을 각각의 근관장으로 확대하는 방법은 확대에 마지막으로 이용된 기구의 크기보다 한,두 단계 정도 증가된 최종근관장파일을 나타냈다. 그러므로 제2형 근관형태를 나타내는 치아의 근관치료 시 임상가들은 근관충전에 앞서 치근단 받침을 다시 확인하고 형성하는 과정이 필요하리라 사료된다. Type II root canal was defined that two canals leave the chamber and merge to form a single canal at short of the apex. The aim of this study was to analyse the master apical file (MAF) size according to various instrumentation techniques in the type II root canal when each canal was enlarged to working length. Eighty mesial roots of molar with ISO #15 initial apical file (IAF) size in type II root canals were randomly divided into four experimental groups with 20 teeth each. According to enlarging instruments, four groups are: K-FLEXOFILE^(?) (KF), engine-driven Ni-Ti PRoT_(APER)^(?)(PT), HERO Shaper^(?)(HS), K³™ (K3). All canals were enlarged to each working length with ISO #30 size: #30 in KF, F3 in PT, .04/30 in HS, and .06/30 in K3. The master apical file (MAF) size was confirmed by tactile sensation and universal testing machine (EZ test, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan). The mean MAF size was statistically compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test at the 0.05 probability level. These results show that the MAF size was appeared one or two sizes larger than the final enlarging instrument when all canal in type II configuration were enlarged to each working length. Therefore, the clinician have to confirm the apical stop once more after instrumentation of type II root canal.

감염근관에서 Black-Pigmented Bacteria의 동정에 대한 연구

권은경,김은숙,곽주석,이황,이수종,임미경 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.1

Black-pigmented bacteria have been implicated in the endodontic infections. This group of microorganisms includes Porphyromonass endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingicalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigresceus. The organisms display a wide variety of virulence factors that may be pertinent to acute endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to identify P.endodontalis, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, and P.nigrescens by using special potency disk test, filter paper spot test, 16S rRNA gene-directed PCR, and API 32A. Microbial samples were collected from root canals of 33 intact teeth with necrotic pulp and/or apical periodontitis. Conventional laboratory methods were used for identification of the strains of black pigmented bacteria. Eighteen of 33 samples were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacteria. Five colonies were cultured from each pure cultured colonies from Brucella agar plate. Seventy seven colonies were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacteria. Thirty three of 77(42.6%) were identifed as P.nigrescens, 10 of 77(12.9%) were P.gingivalis, 6 of 77(7.8%) were P.endodontalis, 10 of 77(12.9%) were P.intermedia. On the contraty the reference strains of P.nigrescens, experimental strains of P.nigrescens was sensitive to kanamycin in special potency disk test. 16S rRNA gene PCR and API test after rapid presumptative identification methods. such as special potency disk test and filter paper spot test, would be accurate detection methods for black-pigmented bacteria.

공동주택의 어린이 놀이를 위한 친수공간 특성에 관한 연구

신은주;황연숙 한양대학교 2004 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.24

In recent days, environments-friendly design to pursue the quality of life, health in apartment housing in Korea has been emphasized. These trends lead us to develop and plan various kind of outdoor space such as tracts of green, grass road, ecological pond, stream lets and hydroponic facilities. etc. After the various plans have been proposed, it should be examined to see how much those out door space facilities were needed and how often those were used by residents in apartment housing. Therefore, this study was intended to propose practical planning method for usage of outdoor space facilities in apartment housing through a water friendly space for children. For this study, a literature review and field research are adopted and performed. Field research data were collected through 46 water friendly spaces in 29 apartment housing sites within domestic apartment complexes. Research was based on the water friendly space location in complex, linked system with outdoor space whether it is fit to play or not. Results of this study are summarized as follows: Water friendly spaces were located mainly in the center of apartment complex, which is divided into two categories, Play types and Non-Play types. Non Play types in water friendly spaces were divided broadly into 3 types, pond type, fountain type and mixed with art work type. The Play types in water friendly spaces were divided broadly into 4 types, flat fountain type, arch fountain type, stream type and pool type.

풋마늘의 冬季養液裁培에 關한 硏究

鄭恩周,吳仲烈,黃海鎭,韓相政 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1995 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

겨울철 新鮮한 풋마늘의 生産體系 確立으로 端境期를 解消함과 아울러 아파트 人口가 增加하고 있는 오늘날 室內에서 簡單한 方法으로 풋마늘을 生産하는데 必要한 資料를 얻고자 하였다. 1) 萌芽率은 15±1℃區와 20±1℃區의 Hyponex와 水道물에서 瀋陽種(暖地型)이 瀋種 7日後에, 그리고 濟州種(暖地型)이 播種 21日後에 各各 100%를 나타내었다. 그러나 義城種(寒地型)은 15±1℃區에서 播種 7日後에 全혀 萌芽하지 않았고 21日後에 15±1℃區와 20±1℃區에서 各各 85% 및 95%의 萌芽率을 보였다. 2) 草長은 15±1℃區보다 20±1℃區에서, 그리고 水道물보다 Hyponex에서 더 크며 그의 伸長速度가 빨랐다. 瀋陽種은 15±1℃區와 20±1℃區의 Hyponex와 水道물에서 播種 35日後에 잎이 黃化하면서 草長의 伸長이 停止되었으나 濟州種과 義城種은 伸長을 繼績하였다. 瀋陽種은 다른 2品種에 比하여 草長이 顯著히 컸으며 伸長速度가 매우 빨랐다. 3) 播種 21日後의 葉數, 葉?徑, 葉重 및 葉?重은 15±1℃區보다 20±1℃區에서, 그리고 水道물보다 Hyponex에서 더 增加하였다. 供試 3品鍾中 瀋陽種이 各處理區에서 葉數가 顯著히 많고 葉重이 무서웠다. 義城種은 15±1℃區의 Hyponex와 水道물에서 葉伸長을 볼 수 없었다. 4) 比生長率(CGR)은 15±1℃區와 20±1℃區의 Hyponex와 水道물에서 瀋陽種과 濟州種은 播種7日後에, 그리고 義城種은 播種 14日後에 極大期를 나타낸 다음 漸次 減少하였다. 極大期의 比生長率은 15±1℃區보다 20±1℃區에서, 그리고 水도물보다 Hyponex에서 더 높았다. 5) 20±1℃區에서 CGR의 잎으로서 寄與率은 瀋陽種과 濟州種이 播種21日後까지 增加한 다음 漸次 減少하는 傾向을 보였으나 義城種은 繼績 增加하였고, 뿌리로의 寄與率은 3品種 모두 播種14日後부터 急激히 減少하였다. 6) 葉面積指數는 20±1℃區에서 3品種 모두 水道물보다 Hyponex에서 높았다. 播種28日後의 葉面積指數는 濟州種이 2.0 그리고 義城種이 1.0이었는데 比하여 瀋陽種은 4.0 以上이었다. 7) 本實驗의 어느 境遇에 있어서도 瀋陽種이 濟州種 및 義城種에 比하여 萌芽率가 빠르고 草長이 크고 葉收量이 많았으며, 15±1℃區보다 20±1℃區에서 그리고 水道물보다 Hyponex에서 生育이 良好하였다. 그리고 瀋陽種은 20±1℃區의 Hyponex와 水道물에서 播種後 14日이 經過하면 收穫이 可能하였다. The purpose of this study is to establish a production system for providing fresh leafy garlic in winter season and to obtain data for an easy method of indoor nutriculture of this plant, especially in apartment life. 1. Emergence rates in 15℃ and in 20℃ cultured by Hyponex and by tap water were 100% after 7 and 21 days from planting in Shenyang cultivar, a Southern ecotype, and in Cheju cultivar, a Southern ecotype respectively. Euisung cultivar, a northen ecotype, did not planting uner 15℃ until 7 days from planting, but emerged 85% and 95% after 21 days from planting under 15℃ and 20℃ conditions, respectively. 2. Plant lengths were higher in 20℃ and in Hyponex culture than in 15℃ and in tap water culture, respectively. Shenyang cultivar in 15℃ and 20℃ cultured by Hyponex and tap water ceased to eloongate the leaf and showed chlorosis after 35 days from planting, but Cheju and Euisung cultivars continued to elongate the leaf. The plant length of Shenyang cultivar was especially long as compared with other two cultivars and grew fast. 3. After 21 days from planting, leaf number, diameter of leaf sheath, leaf weight and weight of leaf sheath were higher in 20℃ and in Hyponex culture than in 15℃ and in tap water culture. respecively. Among three cultivars, Shenyang had much more leaves and heavy ones. 4. Comparative crop growth rate(CGR) showed at maximum after 7 days from planting in 15℃ and in 20℃ cultured by Hyponex and by tap water in Shenyang and Cheju cul-tivar while after 14 days from plamting in Euisung cultivar, then decreased gradually afterward. The CGR at maximum was higher in 20℃ and in Hyponex culture than in 15℃ and in tap water cul-ture, respectively. 5. The percentage of contribution of CGR to leaf were increased until 21 days from planting, then decreased gradually afterward in Shenyang and Cheju cultivars, but Euisung showed continu-ous increase. The percentage of contribution of CGR to root declined markedly after 14 days from planting in all three cultivars. 6. Leaf area index(LAI) were high in all three cultivars in 20℃ in Hyponex culture as compared with tap water culture. After 28 days from planting, LAI was 2.0 and 1.0 in Cheju and in Euisung cultivar respectively, comparing with above 4.0 in Shenyang cultivar. 7. In every conditions, Shenyang cultivar exceeded in emerging date, plant length and leaf produc-tion, and the growth was better in 20℃ and in Hyponex culture than in 15℃ and in tap water cul-ture, respectively. After 14 days from planting, Shenyang cultivar was possible to harvest in 20℃ cultured by Hyponex and by tap water.

치아크기 계측오차에 관한 연구

심은주,황현식 전남대학교 치과대학 1999 전남치대논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Precise and accurate measuring of tooth size is essential procedure in orthodontic diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of tooth size measurements with regard to tooth and investigator. Five investigators measured the size of one side of teeth, from central incisor to first molar, on 20 sets of casts that show a moderate degree of crowding. Mesio-distal width was measured with digital vernier calipers in each tooth and this procedure was repeated three times at two weeks interval. To obtain a standard measurement for each tooth, dental casts were cut into individual tooth, and tis width was measured with micrometer. The difference between the measurement from dental cast and the standard measurement was defined as the measurement error. Through various statistical analyses, following results were obtained. 1. The reproducibility did not show significant differences with regard to tooth or investigator. 2. The measurement error showed some difference with regard to tooth and investigator. 3. The magnitude of the measurement error showed increasing tendency from anterior to posterior teeth with maximum value in the first molar. 4. While the measurements obtained on study casts generally showed smaller number compared to standard measurements, the direction of the difference showed variability according to tooth or investigator. 5. The measurement errors did not show significant correlations with the degree of crowding. The results of the present study indicated that the possibility of tooth size measurement error should be taken into consideration when diagnosing an orthodontic case.

치아크기 계측오차에 관한 연구

심은주,황현식,문재동 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 석고모형 분석 중 치아크기 측정시 발생할 수 있는 오차를 줄이고 측정의 재현도와 정확성을 향상시키는데 도움이 될 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 시행되었다. 치아밀집 치열 특징을 지닌 상하악 20조의 석고모형을 대상으로하여, 5명의 조사자가 각 치아의 근원심 폭경을 디지털 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용하여 2주 간격으로 3회 측정하여 실험측정치를 얻은 다음, 측정에 이용된 석고모형을 근원심 접촉점 부위에서 개개 치아로 분리한 후, 마이크로미터를 이용하여 측정한 표준치와 비교 · 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 3회 측정에 따른 재현도는 조사지별 치아별로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 표준치와 비교한 계측오차는 조사자별 또는 치아별로 차이를 보였다. 3. 표준치와의 오차는 전치에서 구치로 갈수록 증가하여 제1대구치에서 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 4. 표준치와 비교시 전반적으로 작게 측정하는 경향을 보였으며 이에 대한 치아별,조사자별 차이가 두드러졌다. 5. 전반적인 오차 발생 정도는 치아밀집 정도와 유의한 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 교정증례 분석시 치아크기 계측오차 발생 가능성의 고려가 필요함 을 시사하였다. Precise and accurate measuring of tooth size is essential procedure in orthodontic diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of tooth size measurements with regard to tooth and investigator. Five investigators measured the size of one side of teeth, from central incisor to first molar, on 20 sets of casts that show a moderate degree of crowding. Mesio-distal width was measured with digital vernier calipers in each tooth and this procedure was repeated three times at two weeks interval. To obtain a standard measurement for each tooth, dental casts were cut into individual tooth, and its width was measured with micrometer. The difference between the measurement from dental cast and the standard measurement was defined as the measurement error. Through various statistical analyses, following results were obtained. 1. The reproducibility did not show significant differences with regard to tooth or investigator. 2. The measurement error showed some difference with regard to tooth and investigator. 3. The magnitude of the measurement error showed increasing tendency from anterior to posterior teeth with maximum value in the first molar. 4. While the measurements obtained on study casts generally showed smaller number compared to standard measurements, the direction of the difference showed variability accrording to tooth or investigator. 5. The measurement errors did not show significant correlations with the degree of crowding. The results of the present study indicate that the possibility of tooth size measurement error should be taken into consideration when diagnosing an orthodontic case.

광양만으로 유입하는 하천하구에서의 이화학적 특성 : 우수기 직후 유입하천에 따른 영향 effect of inputting rivers after rainy season in summer

김은영,정흥호,정호승,조환익,황주찬,최상원 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.9

Physicochemical characteristics of Kwangyang Bay, have been investigated on the effects of inputting rivers just after rainy season in summer 2003. The results ranged from 4.96~8.01 mg/L for DO, 1.16~3.09 mg/L for COD, 7.21~67.71 μM for DIN and 0.12~121.84 μM for phosphate. The COD of Yeosu Area was 1.19~3.09 mg/L, Kwangyang Area was 1.23 ~ 2.76 mg/L. The COD of Wallae cheon in Yeosu Area was 3.09 mg/L and Donghoan in Kwangyang Area was 2.76 mg/L. The reason of high COD might be industrial sewage of organic chemical plants and iron foundry. DIN of Yeosu Area and Kwangyang Area were 7.21--63.43 μM and 8.43 67.71 μM respectively. The average phosphate of Yeosu Area was 23.65 μM. The source of phosphate might be industrial sewages of fertilizer plant and phosphate gypsum stocked with high amounts. The metal concentrations were measured in the range of 1.01~175.10 ㎍/L for Cu, 0.13~1.78 ㎍/L for Cd, 1.13~5.21 ㎍/L for Pb, 1.58~13.57 ㎍/L for Cr and 1.07~20.68 ㎍/L for As. The average Cu concentration was 78.99 ㎍/L in Kwangyang Area. The source of Cu might be industrial sewage of iron foundry. The average Cr concentration of Yeosu Area was 9.07 ㎍/L. That is 2 times higher than Kwangyang Bay 5.74 gg/L, because of sewage of chemical plants.