학부번역전공자의 인간번역과 기계번역 포스트에디팅 품질 비교

이선우,이상빈 이화여자대학교 통역번역연구소 2021 T&I review Vol.11 No.2

The quality of machine translation outputs, including those of Google Translate and Naver Papago, has increased rapidly over the last few years. This development has raised the question of whether the current undergraduate translator training program is still relevant and feasible. Against this backdrop, a small-scale experiment was conducted in this study to assess the quality of human translation and post-edited machine translation undertaken by university students. The participants were two groups of 30 Korean undergraduates who attended a basic translation course in the spring semester of 2021. They were asked to translate two Korean texts, Text A (171 characters) and Text B (160 characters), both of which were extracted from relatively easy newspaper articles, into their B language (English) under two different conditions. One of the participant groups translated Text A for 10 minutes using machine translation outputs and translated Text B for 20 minutes without the help of any translation machine. The other group performed the same tasks, save that the source texts were assigned in reverse order. A total of 117 translations were collected and rated independently on a five-point scale by the two teacher-researchers. The results showed that the post-edited translations were much better than the human translations and that the human translations contained more errors in vocabulary and grammar.

디지털 워터마킹을 이용한 영상 정보 보호 시스템

박정빈,정성환,이우선 國立 昌原大學校 精報通信硏究所 1999 精報通信論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Recently, with advance in computer network and multimedia technology, digital media is rapidly proliferating, and digital copy has been widely practiced. So an efficient technology for the protection of intellectual property is required. Watermark techniques effectively protect the intellectual property for multimedia data, and can prevent an unauthorized person from copying the multimedia data. In this paper, we propose a watermarking scheme to hide watermark information in low-frequency and high-frequency of wavelet transform. Experimental results show that the proposed watermark scheme is robust to several distortions including Gaussian noise and filtering, compression and contrast at different qualities.

Agrobacterium transformation 에 의해 Manganese SOD가 과발현된 transgenic tobacco의 개발에 대한 연구

徐廷彬,金榮照,李宇成 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

식물체는 냉해, 가뭄, air pollutants 등과 같은 다양한 외부 환경적인 스트레스에 노출되어짐으로써 매우 활동적인 oxygen radicals 생성을 유도한다. 이러한 활동적인 oxygen radicals 는 식물체 내의 수 많은 생리적 문제를 유발시킨다. 이러한 스트레스에 적응하고자 식물체 내에는 다양한 방어 기작이 있으며, 그 중 하나가 superoxide를 Hydrogen peroxide로 바꾸는 효소인 superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1)이다. 방어 기작에 있어서 SOD의 역할을 조사해 보고자, 본 실험에서는 담배의 엽록체에 완두의 manganese SOD를 과발현시킨 형질 전환 식물체를 개발하였다. Northern hybridization과 SOD activity gel staining을 해 본 결과, 이러한 형질 전환된 담배 엽록체 내에서 완두의 manganese SOD가 안정적으로 발현되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Upon exposure of plant to diverse environmental stress such as chilling, drought, and air pollutants, the activated oxygen radicals are actively produced. These reactive oxygen species are associated with a number of physiological disorders in plant. One of the enzymes involved in the defense is superoxde dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) which converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. To test the role of SOD in the defense system, We produce transgenic plants which are overexpressed Mn SOD of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in chloroplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi). Using Northern hybridization and SOD activity gel staining, it was confirmed that these transgenic plants overexpressed the introduced gene.

영도구의 생식보건사업 성과분석 : 남자중학생을 대상으로 한 성교육 효과 분석을 중심으로 the Effects of Sex Education on Middle School Students

남은우,강혜숙,박성빈,최재임,민체류 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2001 영도연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to reduce the sexual problems of middle school students in Youngco-Gu, Busan. The survey was conducted by content analysis which was related with reproductive healty services such as budget, manpower, etc. This study was also conducted with sex education as the object and to measure the effects of sex education. Questionnaires from 203 students(7th-9th graders) in a male middle school were surveyed on Sept. 12-14, 2001. The statistical analysis used were t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and χ^2 test by using SPSS/PC+ WIN 8.0 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, 66.2% of the students among the subjects had a religion, and of those 50% were buddhists, 34.4% christians, 9.5% catholic. Religion of sexual related matters showed no significant effect. Of these students 68.1% showed medium interest in sexual related matters, 18% little interest or none and 13.5% high interest. 8th graders seemed to show more interest in sexual related matters than other grades. 41.8% of Students seemed to get information on sexual matters from friends and 27.1% from the internet. 30.9% of the respondents talked about their boy/girl friends with their parents compared to 43.3% who chose to talk to their friends about their sexual related problems. Second, 56.7% logged into lascivious-sites on the internet. Of those who logged onto lascivious-sites 46.1% logged in once or twice a month, 31.9% once or twice a week, and 2.7% logged in daily, 69.2% Felt curiosity, 23.4% felt indecent and 7.5% felt like engaging in a sexual act after visiting one of these sites. Third, the effects of sex education on experimental groups of 7th graders showed a 2.1 point increase(p<0.1), 4 point increase for 8th graders(p<.001), and 9th graders increased by 3.3 points(p<.001). Therefore this showed that it was advantageous for students to have sex education. Fourth, the effects of sex education on the students attitude showed only a little more improvement than before in the controlled groups whereas the experimental groups showed a large increase in good attitude in a good direction. Therefore, the experimental groups showed better results in sexual attitude compared to the controlled groups(p<.01).

실크 피브로인의 대규모 투석 공정의 단위 모듈의 개발

김동우,하성진,임건빈,허원 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 産業技術硏究 Vol.21 No.B

For the development of a large-scale dialysis process for silk fibroin solution, a batch and continuous dialysis chamber was designed and built, which are to be used as a unit module for the process. A series of dialysis experiments were carried out to estimate the kinetic parameters for dialysis using the solutions of salt-solubilized silk fibroin. The solution was dialyzed by distilled water either batch-wise or continuously. Dialysis kinetics was monitored by measuring refractometery at high salt concentration and conductivity at lower salt concentration. The apparent dialysis coefficients were 5.4g/m2-hr and 1.8g/m2-hr, for well mixed batch and continuous dialysis, respectively. The alteration of molecular weight distribution of dialyzed silk fibroin solution was monitored.

에이즈 환자의 거대세포바이러스 감염증

김홍빈,박상원,김남중,최희정,신동현,오명돈,김우호,정흠,최강원 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.4

배 경 : 거대세포바이러스 감염은 인간면역부전바이러스 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV) 감염자에서 발생하는 가장 중요한 기회감염증의 하나이다. 특히, 국내에서는 95%이상의 국민이 거대세포바이러스의 1차감염을 경험한 상태이므로 에이즈 환자에서 거대세포바이러스 질환의 빈도가 높을 것으로 예상된다. 대상 및 방법 : 1987년 10월부터 1996년 9월까지 서울대학교 병원에서 추적 관찰하였던 128명의 HIV 감염자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 환자의 의무 기록에서 임상 자료를 얻었다. 거대세포바이러스 망막염은 안과 전문의의 임상적인 소견으로 진단하였으며, 위장관 등 망막이외 부위의 거대세포마이러스 질환은 조직학적으로 확인된 경우에 한하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 128명의 추적관찰기간은 중앙값이 6(0∼59)개월 이었으며 7명 (5.4%)에서 거대세포바이러스 질환이 발생하였다. 거대세포바이러스 질환은 망막염이 6예, 식도염이 2예, 대장염이 1예, 폐렴 및 부신감염이 1예, 범발성 감염이 1예였다. 거대세포바이러스 질환의 발생빈도는 CD4+ 림프구 수가 적을수록 높았으며, CD4+ 수가 200/㎣미만인 환자 중 15% (6/33)에서 거대세포바이러스 질환이 확인되었다. 11예 중 9예를 ganciclovir로 치료하였으며 이중 7예에서 호전 또는 진행의 억제가 확인되었다. 추적관찰이 가능한 6예 중 3예 (50%)에서 재발하였다. 결 론 : 국내 에이즈 환자에서 거대세포바이러스 질환은 비교적 흔한 기회감염증이다. Background : Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the important opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. In Korea, seroprevalence of IgG against CMV is over 95%. Therefore, CMV diseases are expected to be a prevalent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. in Korea. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 128 patients with HIV infection who visited the Seoul National University Hospital during the period from Nov. 1987 TO Sep. 1996. All the patients were examined by one ophthalmologist and the diagnosis of CMV retinitis were made by funduscopic findings. Other CMV diseases were diagnosed when histopathologic examinations showed the characteristic cytomegalic cells. Results : Median duratior, of follow-up was 8 months. Eleven CMV diseases were found in 7 patients (5.4%): 6 patients ahd retinitis, 2 esophagitis, 1 colitis, 1 pneumonitis, and one patient developed disseminated infection. Fifteen percent (6/33) of the patients whose CD4+ lymphocyte counts were less than 200/㎣ at baseline developed CMV diseases. Out of the 9 cases treated with ganciclovir, 7 improved or were stabilized. No patient received maintenance treatment and 3 had relapsed. Conclusion : CMV diseases are common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in Korea.

흰쥐피부에서 7, 12-Dimethylbenzanthracene의 발암효과에 관한 병리학적 연구

이준우,김형춘,이정빈,박상철,송계용 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1988 中央醫大誌 Vol.13 No.1

To observe the carcinogenic effects of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene modulated by the application of phorbol ester and changes of administration route of DMBA, a pathological study was carried out on the female rates of 50 days-old by analyzing incidence, histopathological progession and relationship of administration route and/or the application in acute and chronic experimental groups. The results were as follows: 1. Tumor incidence was higher by the oral administration than topical application of DMBA and earlier tumefaction was noted by the application of the promotor. 2. Early histopathological changes were mild acanthosis and moderate inflammation by the promotor and more prominent acanthosis and papillomatosis by additional DMBA with repeated promotor application. 3. Most common tumor was adenocarcinoma even in topical application of DMBA, followed by fibroadenoma, fibroma and squamous cell carcinoma. Incidence of fibroma was increased by topical application of DMBA. 4. Histopathological patterns of the tumors were mixed, cribriform, microglandular, clear cell and solid types. Some of them showed background of adenomtous or fibroadenomatous tumors. 5. In oral administration group of DMBA, the increased tumor incidence was noted in topical applied area than non-applied area. Therefore, it was suggested that carcinogenicity of DMBA was promoted by phorbol ester, inducing adenocarcinoma of various hitopathological types. The change of administration route of the carcinogen could cause the histopathologic difference in tumor types.

슬관절부 골절에 대한 임상적 고찰

김기용,조우신,빈성일,백승일 울산대학교 의과대학 1992 울산의대학술지 Vol.1 No.1

The knee joint is the largest weight bearing joint. As the fractures of Knee joint in volve the articular surface and the surrounding soft tissues, permanent disabilities such as deformities, joint stiffness, instability and post-traumatic arthritis may ensue following treatment. Many authors have recommended various methods of treatment for these fractures. Recently, however, a trend toward internal fixation has become evident and good results have been reported by several authors. This study is to present 40 cases of knee joint fractures which were treated at Asan Medical Center from May 1989 to April 19992. The results were as follows ; 1. The causes of injury were traffic accident(60%), fall down(12.5%), slip down(12.5%) and sports injury(10%). 2. There were 23cases in 22 males and 17 females in series and average was 46.8 years ranging from 19 years to 82 years. 3. In femoral condylar fractures, the most frequent type was C2(8 cases ; 42.2%) and in tibial condylar fractures, B1(7 vases ; 35.5%) by the A.O. classification. 4. 7 Cases were treated by conservative method 32 cases by operative method and 1 cases by amputation. 5. Satisfactory results were obtained 73.3% in femoral condylar fractures and 88.2% in tibial condylar fractures by operative treatment. We concluded that satisfactory results were obtained from operative treatment with procedures of anatomical reduction, rigid fixation and early joint motion.

탈지대두박에서의 Isoflavone의 분리를 위한 흡착제의 조건

여경은,조성빈,김우정 한국산업식품공학회 2003 산업 식품공학 Vol.7 No.4

탈지대두박을 이용한 isoflavone의 분리 및 정제를 위한 최적 조건을 찾고자 absorption resin인 Amberlite XAD-1180를 사용하여 흡착제의 활성화용매의 농도, 흡착된 isoflavone의 용출용매의 농도, 용출용매의 양과 용출속도, 시료와 흡착제의 비율 그리고 수지에 미치는 pH와 ion의 영향을 조사하였다. 수지의 활성화와 용출에는 Amberlite XAD-1180의 경우 methanol 75%로 활성화시키기 ethanol 80%로 용출시키는 경우가 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 이때 사용하는 absorption resin은 isoflavone 흡착을 위해 사용한 단백질제거 탈지대두박용액양의 약 0.5배로, ethatnol의 양은 단백질제거 탈지대두박용액 양의 4배를 사용하여 flow rate 12mL/min의 경우가 적절한 조건임이 밝혀져 흡착제 사용이 isoflavone 함량을 최고 2~3배까지 향상시키는 결과를 보였다. 이때 분리된 isoflavone의 순도는 최고 40%까지 얻을 수 있었다. pH와 ion의 영향에서는 pH는 5.0,NaCl은 0.25N 이하에서 isoflavone의 유출량이 높았다. Conditions for sorption and elution of isoflavone with using amberlite XAD-1180 were studied to separate Isoflavone from defatted soybean flour (DSF). Isoflavone analyzed were daidzin, genistin, glycitin, daidzein, genistein and glycitein by HPLC. The result showed that washing Amberlite XAD-1180 with 75% methanol and then elution of isoflavone with 80% ethanol resulted the highest amounts of isoflavone recovered from the absorption resin. The most proper eluent factor was 4(eluent/sample volume), the sample factor was about 2(the volum of sample/the weight of resin) ad flow rate 12 mL/min. The pH 5.0 and less than 0.25 N NaCl were found to be proper for seperation of isoflavone. The isoflavone contents after seperation with absorption resin were about 40% in dry weight basis.

Design Consideration of Back-EMF Constant for 3-D.O.F. Spherical PM Motor

Sung-chul Go,Dong-woo Kang,Jong-bin Im,Ju Lee,Sung-hong Won,Seung-Bin Lim 한국자기학회 2010 Journal of Magnetics Vol.15 No.2

A 3-D.O.F. spherical PM motor has 3 degrees of freedom in its motion by tilting and rotating of a shaft, which can be applied in a range of fields. The back-EMF is proportional to the field flux and angular velocity. The back-EMF constant in conventional rotating machine has a uniform value. However, in a spherical PM motor, the back-EMF constant of the coils varies according to the tilting conditions regardless of whether the angular speed is constant. Consideration of the back-EMF constant is useful for designing 3-D.O.F. spherical PM motors. In this study, the back-EMF constant of the spherical PM motor was considered carefully.