『 한국음악교육(韓國音樂敎育)의 제문제 』

이승열 한국국악학회 1974 한국음악연구 Vol.3 No.-

Determining the Best Treatment for Simple Bone Cyst: A Decision Analysis

이승열,정진엽,이경민,성기혁,원성훈,최인호,조태준,유원준,여지현,박문석 대한정형외과학회 2014 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.6 No.1

Background: The treatment of simple bone cysts (SBC) in children varies significantly among physicians. This study examined which procedure is better for the treatment of SBC, using a decision analysis based on current published evidence. Methods: A decision tree focused on five treatment modalities of SBC (observation, steroid injection, autologous bone marrow injection, decompression, and curettage with bone graft) were created. Each treatment modality was further branched, according to the presence and severity of complications. The probabilities of all cases were obtained by literature review. A roll back tool was utilized to determine the most preferred treatment modality. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the threshold value of the treatment modalities. Two-way sensitivity analysis was utilized to examine the joint impact of changes in probabilities of two parameters. Results: The decision model favored autologous bone marrow injection. The expected value of autologous bone marrow injection was 0.9445, while those of observation, steroid injection, decompression, and curettage and bone graft were 0.9318, 0.9400, 0.9395, and 0.9342, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that autologous bone marrow injection was better than that of decompression for the expected value when the rate of pathologic fracture, or positive symptoms of SBC after autologous bone marrow injection, was lower than 20.4%. Conclusions: In our study, autologous bone marrow injection was found to be the best choice of treatment of SBC. However, the results were sensitive to the rate of pathologic fracture after treatment of SBC. Physicians should consider the possibility of pathologic fracture when they determine a treatment method for SBC.

북핵 해결을 위한 ‘제재’와 ‘협상’의 실패 요인 분석: 북미중의 전략적 삼각관계론을 중심으로

이승열 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 2010 평화학연구 Vol.10 No.3

The most important actor of North's nuclear problem is North Korea. The other key actors are the United States and China. While the Geneva Agreement, the first North Korean nuclear crisis in 1994, was a bilateral problem between the North and the U.S., after the second North Korean nuclear crisis in 2002, the North's nuclear problem became a strategic triangle of the three countries(North Korea, U.S., China) due to active intervention of China(e.g. three-party talks, six-party talks. In other words, China rose as a main actor. This paper describes the causes for success and failure of ‘sanctions' and ‘negotiations’ which have tried to solve the North's nuclear problem after the second North Korean nuclear crisis through the ‘strategic triangle’ theory. For the two main measures of resolving North Korea's nuclear problem, i.e. sanctions and negotiations, to succeed, strategic cooperation between the U.S. and China is the basic condition)To solve the North's nuclear problem, a 'stable marriage' must be established that brings North Korea's isolation(-) through the cooperation(+) between the U.S. and China. However, while the sanctions were in process, China broke the cooperation structure between the U.S. and China, restored its traditional relationship with North Korea, and thus formed a 'romantic triangle' by failing to cooperate with the U.S. The most important composition in problem-solving through negotiations is strategic cooperation between the U.S. and China. An example of problem-solving through negotiations is the 9․19, 2005 U.S.-China Joint Declaration, and as a result of the cooperation between U.S. and China, ‘the menage a trois', which forms a symmetrical friendship(+) with North Korea, was made. However, because North Korea carried out its first nuclear experiment and tried to talk directly with the U.S. immediately after the six-party talk, the U.S. broke its cooperation with China. Eventually, China returns back to the traditional China-North Korea relationship, rather than cooperation with the U.S. In the end, even in the process of problem-solving through negotiation, the distinct limits in solving North Korea's nuclear problem was revealed by the ‘romantic triangle' which is most advantageous for North Korea. 북핵문제의 가장 중요한 행위자는 북한이다. 그리고 또 다른 두 행위자는 미국과 중국이 다. 제1차 북핵 위기인 1994년 제네바합의가 북미 양국의 문제였다면, 제2차 북핵 위기인 2002년 이후부터 북핵 문제는 중국의 적극적 개입(3자회담, 6자회담)으로 인해 북미중의 전략적 삼각관계(strategic triangle)가 되었다. 즉, 중국이 중요한 행위자로 등장한 것이다. 이 글은 2002년 10월 제2차 북핵 위기 이후 북핵 해결을 위해 시도되었던 ‘제재’와 ‘협상’의 실패 원인을 북미중의 전략적 삼각관계론을 통해 설명하고 있다. 북핵 해결의 주요한 두 가지 수단인 제재와 협상이 성공하는 가장 기본적인 조건은 미중의 전략적 협력이다. 이를 기반으로 제재를 통한 북핵 해결은 미중의 협력(+)과 북한의 고립(-)을 의미하는 ‘안정적 결혼’관계이다. 그러나 제재가 진행되는 과정에서 중국은 미중의 협력구도를 깨고, 북한과의 전통적 관계로 다시 복원함으로써 북한에게 가장 유리한 ‘로맨틱 삼각관계’를 만들어 주면서 실패하였다. 협상을 통한 북핵 해결의 대표적인 사례는 2005년 9․19 공동성명으로서 미중의 협력이 북한과의 상호 대칭적 우호관계(+)를 형성하는 ‘삼각경영관계’를 만들어 주었다. 그러나 미국은 북한이 핵실험을 감행하자 곧바로 6자회담 밖에서 북미간 직접 양자회담을 시도함으로써 중국과의 협력관계를 깼다. 결국 중국은 미중 간의 협력보다는 북중 간의 전통적 관계로 다시 복원하였다. 결과적으로 협상을 통한 해결과정에서도 북한에게 가장 유리한 ‘로맨틱 삼각관계’로 마무리 되면서 북핵 해결의 한계를 드러내고 말았다.

鐵骨造 工事의 自動化를 위한 로봇 핸드

이승열,최종호,심형준,김진우,김병화,한창수 대한건축학회 2006 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.22 No.9

This paper presents a study on the automation of steel frame building. The hooks used with tower crane are passive, and the linking and unlinking operations between hooks and steel objects are done manually. These operations are laborious as well as dangerous. In particular, the unlinking operations which must be accomplished by workers at the tip of steel columns on the top of building are very dangerous. This study describes invention of a mechanism and a control system for safety and user interface. The design of the mechanism and the control algorithm was evaluated in the construction site.

建設 自動化 시스템의 導入에 따른 커튼월 設置作業의 安全度 比較에 관한 연구

이승열,최종호,김병화,한창수 대한건축학회 2007 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.23 No.1

Recently, a new method using a construction robot is widely spreading in construction site. It is necessary to evaluate economical efficiency and safety contributed by a construction robot. The methodology to evaluate safety, which is relatively difficult to predict for economical efficiency, is proposed in this paper. We considered PC(Posture Classification), WE(Working Environment), and WT(Working Time) as parameters to compare safety performance between man-power process and robotized process. Influence by each parameters is quantitatively analysed. To verify the methodology, we applied safety evaluation index in curtain-wall installation process. It is expected that quantitative safety evaluation for application of a construction robot is possible.

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크를 위한 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 2.4GHz 베이스 밴드 설계 및 검증

이승열,김현식,정덕진,김동순 대한전자공학회 2006 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.43 No.1

This paper describes the design and the verification of IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 2.4GHz Physical layer for Ubiquitous Sensor Network(USN). We designed the Carrier Frequency Offset(CFO) compensation satisfied the frequency tolerance of IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN and the adaptive matched filter that re-setting of the threshold for the symbol synchronization of the various USN environment. The multiplications is reduced 1/16 by this method each other at i, q phases and has 0.5dB performance improvement in detection probability. Proposed baseband system is designed with verilog HDL and implemented using FPGA prototype board. 본 논문에서는 2003년 표준화된 저속, 저전력, 저가의 근거리 무선 통신망(WPAN, Wireless Personal Area Network)기술로서 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크를 위한 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 표준의 2.4GHz 대역의 물리계층에 대한 설계 및 검증에 관해 기술하였다. IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN 표준에서 제시하는 주파수 tolerance 인 을 만족하는 반송파 주파수 옵셋 보상 방법과 다양한 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 환경에 적절하게 반응하기 위한 임계값 재 설정 방법의 적응형 정합 필터에 기반한 심볼 동기부를 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법에 의해 동기를 위한 연산량이 i, q 위상에서 각각 1/16으로 감소가 되었으며, 약 0.5dB의 성능 향상을 얻을 수 있었다. 하드웨어 구현은 verilog HDL을 사용하였고, FGPA를 이용한 테스트 보드를 통해 성능 검증을 수행하였다.

Perioperative Complications of Orthopedic Surgery for Lower Extremity in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

이승열,손혜민,정진엽,도상환,이경민,권순선,성기혁,이선형,박문석 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.4

Because complications are more common in patients with cerebral palsy (CP), surgeons andanesthesiologists must be aware of perioperative morbidity and be prepared to recognizeand treat perioperative complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence of andrisk factors for perioperative complications of orthopedic surgery on the lower extremitiesin patients with CP. We reviewed the medical records of consecutive CP patients undergoingorthopedic surgery. Medical history, anesthesia emergence time, intraoperative bodytemperature, heart rate, blood pressure, immediate postoperative complications, GrossMotor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, Cormack-Lehane classification, andAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification were analyzed. A totalof 868 patients was included. Mean age at first surgery was 11.8 (7.6) yr. The incidences ofintraoperative hypothermia, absolute hypotension, and absolute bradycardia were 26.2%,4.4%, and 20.0%, respectively. Twenty (2.3%) patients had major complications, and 35(4.0%) patients had minor complications postoperatively. The incidences of intraoperativehypothermia, absolute hypotension, and major postoperative complications weresignificantly higher in patients at GMFCS levels IV and V compared with patients at GMFCSlevels I to III (P < 0.001). History of pneumonia was associated with intraoperative absolutehypotension and major postoperative complications (P < 0.001). These results revealedthat GMFCS level, patient age, hip reconstructive surgery, and history of pneumonia areassociated with adverse effects on intraoperative body temperature, the cardiovascularsystem, and immediate postoperative complications.

Gadamer의 해석학적 이론에서 본 한국 영어교사의 소통 탐색: 영어원어민 교사와의 관계를 중심으로

이승열 한국교육철학회 2015 교육철학 Vol.55 No.-

In the globalized world of today it is inevitable for us to live with people from different cultures. Globalization also requires Korean English teachers to work with native English speaking teachers in their classes. We have believed that the teachers would collaborate with each other successfully in carrying out teaching students in class. However, some teachers I met told me that they have not usually done co-work with each other and divided their roles in class. I have wondered what happened in English classes. While seeking for the answers for the query I have found that two factors, a societal hegemony and a administrative political power, had a great influence over the two groups of teachers and brought about conflicts between them. In order to reduce the conflicts, I have adopted Gadamer’s(1994) suggestion: “we must place ourselves in the other situation in order to understand it” (p. 330). I propose that native English speaking teachers learn the Korean language and cultures as Korean English teachers make efforts to learn the English language and cultures. This endeavor would make the class a space of understanding and sympathy and thus reduce the distance between the two groups of teachers and reach a peace between them in the end as suggested by Gadamer(2007).

Design Method of Tunable Pixel with Phase-Change Material for Diffractive Optical Elements

이승열,김한나,김용해,김태엽,조성목,강한별,황치선 한국전자통신연구원 2017 ETRI Journal Vol.39 No.3

In this paper, we propose a scheme for designing a tunable pixel layer based on a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) alloy thin film. We show that the phase change of GST can significantly affect the reflection characteristic when the GST film is embedded into a dielectric encapsulation layer. We investigate the appropriate positions of the GST film within the dielectric layer for high diffraction efficiency, and we prove that they are antinodes of Fabry–Perot resonance inside the dielectric layer. Using the proposed scheme, we can increase the diffraction efficiency by about ten times compared to a bare GST film pixel, and 80 times for the first-to-zeroth-order diffraction power ratio. We show that the proposed scheme can be designed alternatively for a broadband or wavelength-selective type by tuning the dielectric thickness, and we discuss a multi-phase example with a double-stack structure.

국내 소아 영상의학검사의 Diagnostic Reference Level 마련 연구

이승열,박상명,채수영,백승민,이준호,박지혜,정일선,김재훈,김재량,김형수,한순영 대한방사선방어학회 2014 대한방사선방어학회 학술발표회 논문요약집 Vol.2014 No.11