Changes of the Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide during Myocardial Infarction in Rats

안동춘,김인식 한국임상수의학회 2012 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is associated with the variety of disorders of myocardial function. The effect,however, of myocardial infarction (MI) on ANP has not been fully described. Thus, this study investigated the effect of experimental MI, induced by left coronary artery ligation, on ANP secretion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 60d underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI and were compared with a group that underwent a sham operation. Rats of sham operation had a similar procedure without having the suture tightened around the coronary artery. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h or 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 d after the procedure. MI size was assessed by planimetry and perimetry, and plasma ANP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Mean infarct size was 39.6-44.5% of the left ventricle after coronary occlusion in experimental groups. No significant differences were observed in infarct size among groups. In contrast, the concentration of plasma ANP was significantly higher at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after left coronary artery ligation than in sham animals. This parameter, however, did not differ significantly at 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 d after ligation compared with sham-ligated controls. These results demonstrate that plasma ANP levels are markedly increased in the early phase of MI in the male rat and can be a useful biomarker for diagnosis in acute MI.

양액의 NO3-: NH4+ 비율이 절화장미의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향

안동춘,진영돈,황주천,김진기,정용모,정병룡 한국원예학회 2002 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.43 No.5

The growth and yield responses of rose cultivars to various raties of NO3-:NH4+ nutrient solution having NH4+ of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of total nitrogen were studied. Plants were grown in rockwool slabs from Oct. 1990 to Aug. 2000 with 4 to 10 irrigations per day. In most cultivars, root zone pH during the experimental period decreased as ratio of NH4+ increased. In 0% NH4+ treatment, root zone pH was maintained at 6.0~7.0, while in treatments with 10, 20 and 30% NH4+, it was maintained at 5.0~6.0, 4.0~5.0 and 4.0~5.0, respectively. In the latter two treatments, root zone pH dropped below 4.0. The number of shoots were increased as NH4+ ratio increased except Grand Gala. In general, number of shoots increased in treatments containing both NH4+ and NO3- as compared with 0% NH4+ treatment. Days to flowering in most cultivars were shortened by 1 or 2 days in treatments over 20% NH4+ as compared with 0% NH4+ treatment. Effect of NH4+ ratio on cut flower yield varied depending on cultivar and growing season. During the winter, yield in most cultivars increased as NH4+ was supplied. However, from spring to summer yield was high in 10~20% NH4+ ratio. Total N concentration in tissue in Saphir and Grand Gala was the greatest in 10% NH4+ ratio, but it was insignificant in the other cultivar. Concentration of Ca, K and Mg in leaf tissue tended to be lower as NH4+ ratio increased, but S tended to be higher as NH4+ ratio increased in Grand Gala. Fe, Zn and Mn concentrations in tissue were decreased containing both NH4+ and NO3- as compared with 0% NH4+ treatment in all cultivar except Fire Ball. 암면배지를 이용한 장미의 년중 양액재배시 배양액의 NO3-: NH4+ 시비비율이 품종과 재배시기에 따라 절화의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 근권의 pH는 NO3- 단용처리시 급액 pH보다 높은 6.0~7.0의 범위에서 유지되었고, 10% NH4+ 처리에서는 급액직후 서서히 감소하여 대체로 pH 5.0~6.0의 범위에서, 20%와 30% NH4+처리에서는 급액직후 급격히 감소하여 pH 4.0~5.0의 범위에서 유지되었으며, pH 4.0이하로까지 떨어지는 시기가 많았다. NH4+의 비율이 높아짐에 따라 ‘Grand Gala’를 제외한 3품종 모두 신초의 수가 증가하였고, NO3- 단용 처리에 비해 NH4+ 혼용 처리에서 신초수가 많았다. NO3-를 단용시비하는 것보다 NH4+를 혼용시비하는 것이 대체로 개화소요일수가 1~2일 정도 단축되었으며, NH4+ 시비비율이 높아질수록 개화가 빨라지는 경향이었다. 겨울철 절화수량은 모든 품종에서 NH4+ 시비비율이 높을수록 수량이 높았다. 봄철과 여름철에는 10~20% NH4+처리에서 대체로 수량이 높았다. 겨울철에는 NH4+시비비율이 높을수록 절화수량이 많았지만 여름철에는 오히려 NH4+시비비율을 20% 이상 높이면 수량이 감소하였다. NO3-:NH4+시비비율이 절화장, 절화중, 화변수 등 절화의 품질에 미치는 영향은 모든 품종에 있어 나타나지 않았다. T-N은 ‘Grand Gala’와 ‘Saphir’의 경우 10% NH4+ 처리에서 각각 2.84%, 3.09%로 가장 높았으나 다른 두 품종에서는 처리간 차이가 없었다. ‘Grand Gala’의 경우 NH4+비율이 높아질수록 식물체내 Ca, K, Mg 농도가 낮아지는 일반적인 경향을 보였고, 반면에 S의 농도는 NH4+비율이 높아질수록 높아졌다. 미량요소는 ‘Fire Ball’을 제외한 3품종 모두에서 NH4+를 혼용할 경우 NO3- 단용처리에 비해 현저하게 Fe, Zn, Mn의 흡수가 억제되었고, NH4+의 시비비율이 높을수록 흡수농도가 낮았다

한국사람 손등 피부신경의 분포양상

안동춘,황규성,조원길,이관형,정호삼 대한체질인류학회 1998 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.41 No.-

SOD 및 DMTU 가 자유산소기의 작용으로 배양중인 흰쥐섬유모세포에서 나타나는 손상에 미치는 영향

안동춘,강현국,백두진,정호삼 한양대학교 의과대학 1999 한양의대 학술지 Vol.19 No.1

This study performed to examine the effects of SOD and DMTU on the cytotoxicity of the cultured fibroblasts induced by oxygen free radicals. The rat fibroblasts was obtained from the subcutaneous tissue and the culture cells were exposed to hypoxanthine(HX) (1mM/ml) and xanthine oxidase(XO) at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 mU/ml, respectively. Then the cells exposed oxygen free radicals were treated by superoxide dismutase(SOD), superoxide scavenger, and 1, 3-dimethyl-2-thiourea(DMTU), hydroxyl radical scavenger, respectively. After 4 hours, the cells were observed under the inverted microscope and the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The results as follows; 1. The morphologic changes derived by oxygen free radicals was observed at the 1mM HX plus 10mU and 20mU XO. 2. The survival rates of the cells were 88.0±8.5%, 24.0±4.4%, 12.0±1.0%, and 6.3±0.6% at the 1mM HX plus XO at concentration of 1, 5, 10, 20mU, respectively. 3. The viability of cells treated with SOD, one of the superoxide anion scavenger, was 90.7±16.3%, 66.0±9.8%, 32.7±6.7%, 16.3±2.5% at concentration of 1, 5, 10, 20mU XO, respectively. 4. There were no difference of cell viability between the DMTU treated cells and untreated well cells. These results suggest that the oxygen free radical cytotoxicity generated by HX and XO occur in the rat fibroblasts, and SOD can prevente its effects in vitro.

유황오리 위에 대한 형태학적 연구

안동춘,김현철 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소(구 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소) 2004 동물자원연구 Vol.15 No.-

This morphological study was performed on the stomach of ducks at 6, 12, 18 months after feeding the 6% of sulfur in diet and control fed the same diet without sulfur. After weighting of body of 36 ducks, we sacrificed the ducks and harvested stomach. Then we check the fed materials and the lumen of stomach. H-E, alcian blue - PAS (pH 1.0), and alcian blue - PAS (pH2.5) stains were used to histological and histochemical observation for the mucus The body weights decreased dependent upon the duration of feeding sulfur statistically, however, the stomachs kept their weight except the 18 month fed group. Ulcerative papillae containing caseous necrotic region were conspicuous on the lumen of proventriculus of sulfur-fed ducks. In addition, some lobules of proventricular glands adjacent to the papillae were observed with severe atrophy. mucus secreted from mucous epithelium showed same pattern between control and sulfur-fed ducks, but the ducts of proventricular glands in 12, 18 months groups had nonsulfated mucopolysaccharides. Gizzard had no pathological changes, however, ingested feed were mixed with re-fluxed bile juice from duodenum. Gastric glands in the gizzards of sulfur-fed ducks had increased the number of acidic mucin positive cells as well as surface cells containing PAS positive materials, which were thought to bring the change of matrix that observed with strong purple color. These data suggest that sulfur feeding for long term causes the damage on the proventriculus mucosa and its glands and also the change on the cuticle secreted from giazzard glands. These changes may be related to decrease of body weight.

수경재배 절화장미 ‘옐로킹’의 절곡지 굵기가 신초생장과 절화품질에 미치는 영향

안동춘,김진기,황주천,진영돈,배민지,정병룡 한국화훼산업육성협회 2013 화훼연구 Vol.21 No.1

장미 수경재배시 적절한 엽면적확보와 상품생산에 미치는 절곡 지 굵기의 영향을 확인하기 위해 2011년 4월부터 11월까지 처 리별 절곡지 생장특성과 절화수량 및 품질을 조사하였다. 상품생 산을 위해 굵은 가지를 절곡할수록 절곡지 생체중과 절곡각도가 커진 반면 잎의 량은 6~8mm 굵기의 가지를 절곡하였을 때 엽 면적지수가 3.5로 가장 높았고, 9~11mm인 가지를 절곡하였을 때는 오히려 2.7로 가장 낮았다. 단위면적당 상품수량은 엽면적 지수와 같은 경향을 보였고, 상품률과 절화중, 절화직경은 절곡지 굵기에 비례하였다. 절화 길이와 꽃의 볼륨감이 조화와 균형을 이루어 상품성이 좋았던 등급은 절화 길이가 60~80cm였고, 80cm 이상 지나치게 굵은 가지는 줄기와 잎에 비해 꽃의 볼륨 감이 떨어져 오히려 상품성이 떨어졌다. 이와 같은 이상적인 절 화 생산비율이 6~8mm인 가지를 절곡하였을 때는 63.4%로 9~11mm인 가지를 절곡하였을 때보다 8%가 높았고, 한편으로 상품성이 떨어지는 굵은 절화 비율은 9~11mm인 가지를 절곡하 였을때 28.8%로 6~8mm인 가지를 절곡하였을 때보다 10% 높았다. 지나치게 굵은 가지를 절곡하였을 때는 절곡지 엽면적 감소와 지나치게 굵은 가지의 발생으로 인해 절화수량이 감소하 였다. 절곡후 잎과 상품수량 확보를 위해서는 줄기 굵기가 6~8mm 두께의 가지를 절곡하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to examine effect of bending stem diameter on insurance of suitable leaf amount and good production of rose ‘Yellow King’ in hydroponic culture from March to November 2011. The bigger bending stem diameter to produce marketable flower, the larger fresh weight and an angle of bending stems but leaf area index (LAI) was highest of 3.5 with bending 6~8 mm stems and lowest 2.7 with bending 9~11 mm stems. Marketable flower yield per m2 showed the same tendency with LAI and marketable flower ratio, flower weight, stem diameter was proportional to bending stem diameter. Optimal stem lenghts which have good harmony and balanced with stem length and flower volume was 60~80 cm but on the contrary, salability of cut flowers was decreased with larger stems due to the less flower volume than stem and leaf. This good stems produced 8% more through bending 6~8 mm stems then bending 9~11 mm stem, on the other hand too big stem with less salability produced 10% more by bending 9~11 mm stem then 6~8 mm stems. Bending with larger stems resulted in decreased cut flower yield through less leaf package and larger stems. It came to conclusion that it was better bending 6~8 mm stems for insurance of suitable leaf package and marketable flower yield after bending.

한국사람 손등피부신경의 분포 양상

안동춘,황규성,백두진,한승호,정호삼 대한체질인류학회 1999 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.12 No.1

한국사람 손등피부신경의 분포양상을 알아보기 위해 59구(남자 39, 여자 20)의 시체에서 113예(오른손 58/ 왼손 55)의 손등을 해부하여 관찰하였다. 분포유형은 노선경의 분포영역을 기준으로 자신경과의 분포 범위에 따라 구분하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 노신경과 자신경으로 이루어진 손등피부신경의 분포양상은 10가지 유형이 관찰되었다. 2. 노신경이 셋째손가락 노쪽절반까지, 자신경이 셋째손가락 자쪽절반까지 이르는 경우(제VIII형)가 33.9%로 가장 많이 관찰되었다. 3. 노신경과 자신경이 셋째손샅에서 혼재하는 경우로, 노신경이 넷째손가락 노쪽절반까지, 자신경이 셋째손가락 자쪽절반까지 이르는 경우(제III형)가 25.7%, 노신경이 셋째손가락까지, 자신경이 셋째손가락 자쪽절반까지 이르는 경우 (제VI형)가 11.0%였다. 4. 노신경과 자신경의 등쪽손가락신경이 셋째손샅에서 합쳐져 하나의 신경가지를 이루는 경우(제IV형)가 12.8%로 나타났다. 5. 두 신경이 둘째손샅과 셋째손샅에서 혼재하거나 둘째손샅에서 합쳐져 분포하는 제III, VI, IX, X, XI 형은 새롭게 관찰된 유형이었다. 6. 근육피부신경이 노신경을 대신하였던 경우는 4가지 유형으로 각각 1예씩 관찰되었다. 7. 손등피부신경의 분포양상을 성별 및 왼손과 오른손에 따라 비교한 결과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 한국인의 손등피부신경은 노신경과 자신경이 셋째손가락 양쪽까지 이르는 경우가 가장 흔한 유형임을 알 수 있었다. In order to investigate the distribution patterns of the dorsal digital nerves of the radial and ulnar nerve in the Korean, authors dissect the 113 hands (right 58/left 55) of the 59 cadavers(39 males/20 females). The types were classified by the area of radial dorsal digital nerves and the ulnar digital nerves. The difference in the distribution pattern between males and females, right and left hands was analysed by x^(2)-test in the case presenting the prequency more than 10%. The results as follows; I. The ten types of the distribution patterns consisted of the radial and ulnar nerves were observed on the dorsum of the hands. 2. The case of the highest prequency was type VIII(33.9%), in which radial nerve supply the radial side of the 2½ of digits and ulnar nerve extends the ulnar side 2½ of digits. 3. In the cases of the both nerve mingling in the third digital web, the incidences in which the radial nerves extend to the radial half of ring finger and ulnar nerve to the ulnar half of middle finger(type III) were 25.7%, and that the radial nerves extend to the ulnar half of middle finger and ulnar nerve to the ulnar half of middle finger(type VI) were 11.0%. 4. Type IV as combined branch between the radial and the ulnar nerve extend to the third digital web was observed in the 12.8%. 5. The type III, VI, IX, X, XI showing the both nerves mingling in the third digital web and in the second digital web or combining in the second digital web were new observed in the Korean. 6. The musculocutaneous nerve replaces the superficial branch of the radial nerve in 4 cases. 7. There was no statistical difference in the distribution pattern between males and females, right and left hands. From the above results, it was suggested that the majority of the cases were that the ulnar digital nerves supplied the ulnar half of the middle finger in the Korean.

A Morphological Study of Intrachondral Articulations in the Korean Water Deer

안동춘,태현진,박병용,심정하,기소양,정옥봉,김인식 한국임상수의학회 2011 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Intrachondral articulations are the synovial joints that occur within costal cartilage in artiodactyls. The anatomical structure of Korean water deer differs from that of other deer. However, there have been no reports on the occurrence and shape of intrachondral articulations in the deer. To provide information on these articulations, we examined the occurrence and shape of intrachondral articulations in the Korean water deer by gross findings,radiography, computed tomography (CT), and histological observation. These joints often occur in the second to the tenth ribs. Morphologically, they are spheroidal joints, especially from the third to the eighth ribs, and their configuration is discernable in gross findings, radiography, CT, and histological sections. These basic results would be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the lateral thoracic wall of the Korean water deer.

Incomplete Brachiocephalic Trunk in a Korean Water Deer

안동춘,태현진,박병용,심정하,김종택,김인식 한국임상수의학회 2011 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.28 No.5

The brachiocephalic trunk (Bct) branches from the aortic arch (Aa) and consists, in ruminants, of the common trunk of the left subclavian artery (LSb), the bicarotid artery (Bc) or left and right common carotid artery (LCc and RCc), and the right subclavian artery (RSb). This pattern differs from the primitive mammalian Aa pattern due to the fact that the analogs of the LCc and LSb migrate cranially and merge with the common trunk of the RCc and RSb in the embryonic stage. A Bct having a septal remnant that consisted of the tunica media was observed in a female Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus), which was deemed to have resulted from an incomplete merging of the vessel walls between a carnivoran-type Bct and an incomplete LSb. This is the first report of an abnormal Bct in a Korean water deer.

허혈양상화와 KATP 이온통로 활성이 허혈-재관류된 흰쥐 심장에서 PKC-ε, NF-κB와 AP-1발현에 미치는 영향

안동춘,전승하,서윤경,전수경,박현주,이상완,심정하,백두진 대한체질인류학회 2006 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This study was aimed to elucidate the effects of KATP activation during IPC on the PKC-ε, NF-κB and AP-1 in ischemia-reperfused rat hearts. SD male rats weighting from 300 to 350 g were split into 9 groups, such as sham control (S), IPC, 3 cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion, continuous preconditioning (CP), 8 cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion, KATP opening (KO) with pinacidil (1.0 mg/kg), KATP blocking with glibenclamide (1.0 mg/kg) injection, ischemia (IS), 30 min ischemia, IPC followed by IS, 8) KATP blocking and IPC followed by IS (KB+IPC+IS), IS and KATP opening (KO+IS). Heart were subjected to ligation of left descending coronary artery and reperfusion in groups of IPC, CP, IS with or without IPC. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for PKC-ε, NF-κB and AP-1 were performed at 3, 6, 24 hours after reperfusion or treatment. Immunoreactivities against PKC-ε antibody were observed stronger in the groups of IPC, KO, IPC+IS and KO+IS than groups of KB, IS and KB+IPC+IS. NF-κB activation and translocation were only observed in the groups of including 30 min ischemia and reperfusion. AP-1 activation and translocation were opposite to the results of PKC-ε activation. In the group of CP, KB, IS and KB+IPC+IS, reactivities of AP-1 antibody were stronger than IPC+IS, KO+IS, and weaker in the groups of S, IPC and KO. These results suggest that KATP opening with IPC or pharmacological methods may direct effect on the PKC-ε activation and that KATP blocking has effect on the AP-1 activation and translocation in the heart of ischemiareperfused of rats. 본 연구는 허혈-재관류된 흰쥐 심장에서 허혈손상을 감소시켜주는 허혈양상화와 KATP 이온통로 활성화 혹은 억제가 PKC-ε, NF-κB, AP-1 활성 변동에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 직접적인 관련성이 있는지 검증하고자 본실험을 시도하였다. 실험군은 9군으로 즉, 대조군 (sham: S), 허혈양상화군 (IPC), 지속적 허혈양상화군 (continuous preconditioning: CP), KATP 이온통로 활성군(KATP opening: KO), KATP 이온통로 억제군(KATP blocking: KB), 허혈군(ischemia: IS), 허 혈양상화 후 허혈군(IPC+IS), KATP 이온통로 억제 후 허혈양상화와 허혈군(KB+IPC+IS), KATP 이온통로 활성과 허혈군(KO+IS)으로 나누었다. IPC는 5분 허혈 - 5분 재관류를 3회 반복하였으며, CP는 5분 허혈 - 8분 재관류를 8회 반복하였다. 허혈은 30분 시켰으며, KO군은 pinacidil (1.0 mg/kg)을 허혈 개시 5분 후 정맥주사 하였고, KB군 은 glibenclamide (1.0 mg/kg)를 IPC 20분 전 정맥주사 하였다. 재관류 혹은 처치 후 3, 6, 24시간에 심장을 얻어 PKC-ε, NF-κB, AP-1에 대하여 면역조직화학염색과 Western blotting을 이용하여 관찰하였다. PKC-ε 활성은 IPC, pinacidil 단독 투여군에서 가장 많이 증가하였고, NF-κB의 활성은 오직 30분 허혈이 있었던 군(IS, IPC+IS, KB+IPC+IS, KO+IS)에서 증가하였으며 AP-1의 활성은 PKC-ε 결과에 반비례하였다. 이 결과는 IPC에 따른 KATP 이온통로 활성이 PKC-ε 활성에 직접 영향을 주고, KATP 억제는 AP-1 활성에 직접적 인 영향을 미치는 것이라고 결론지을 수 있다.