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Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans와 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 활용한 고농도 비소 함유 광석 내 중금속 용출 거동 연구
김가희,김리나,김관호,유광석,Kim, Gahee,Kim, Rina,Kim, Kwanho,You, Kwang-suk 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2021 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.30 No.2
To investigate the potential for leaching of heavy metals by bacteria from ores stacked on actual mining sites, leaching tests of a complex metallic ore (Pb-Zn-As ore) were conducted over 60 days using acidophile bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans under initial acidic conditions. Initially, a small amount of heavy metals was leached due to the initial acidic conditions. After 20 days, when A. thiooxidans in the reactor was adapted to the ore, the amount of leached heavy metals rapidly increased; the concentrations of leached arsenic, iron, and zinc reached a maximum of 2800, 3700, and 2500 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, in the presence of A. ferrooxidans or in the control test without bacteria, heavy metals, except zinc, were barely detected in leaching. Through this study, it was confirmed that (i) bacteria could leach heavy metals at mining sites under acidic conditions and (ii) leaching of heavy metals from a high arsenic-containing ore by A. thiooxidans was more significant than that by A. ferrooxidans.
O2 플라즈마 전처리 및 후속 열처리 조건이 Ti 박막과 WPR 절연층 사이의 계면 접착력에 미치는 영향
김가희,이진아,박세훈,박영배,Kim, Gahui,Lee, Jina,Park, Se-hoon,Park, Young-Bae 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2020 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.27 No.1
Fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) 재배선 적용을 위한 Ti 박막과 WPR 절연층 사이의 계면 신뢰성을 평가하기 위해, O<sub>2</sub> 플라즈마 전처리 및 후속 열처리 시간에 따라 90° 필 테스트를 진행하였다. O<sub>2</sub> 플라즈마 전처리 시간이 증가 할수록 계면 접착력이 감소하다가 유지되는 거동을 보였으며, 이는 과도한 O<sub>2</sub> 플라즈마 전처리가 WPR 절연층 내의 C-O-C 또는 C=O 결합을 끊어 WPR 표면이 손상을 받아 계면 접착력이 저하된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 O<sub>2</sub> 플라즈마 전처리를 30초 진행한 시편을 150℃ 후속 열처리 진행한 결과, 계면 접착력이 0시간에서 24시간까지는 감소하였으나, 100시간까지 유지되는 거동을 보였다. 이는 고온에 취약한 WPR 절연층이 과도한 열처리로 인해 손상되어 계면 접착력이 급격히 감소하다가 유지되는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 절연층 소재에 대한 최적의 플라즈마 전처리 조건을 확보하는 것이 FOWLP 재배선의 계면신뢰성 향상을 위한 핵심요소임을 알 수 있다. The effects of O<sub>2</sub> plasma pre-treatment and post-annealing conditions on the interfacial adhesion of Ti thin film and WPR dielectric were investigated using 90° peel test for fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) redistribution layer (RDL) applications. Peel strength between Ti film and WPR dielectric decreased from 8.9±1.3 g/mm to 2.7±0.9 g/mm for variation of O<sub>2</sub> plasma pre-treatment time from 30s to 300s, which is closely related to C-O-C or C=O bonds breakage at the WPR dielectric surface due to excessive plasma pre-treatment conditions. During post-annealing at 150℃, the peel strength abruptly decreased from 0 h to 24 h, and then maintained constant until 100 h, which is also mainly due to the damage of WPR dielectric which is weak to high temperature. Therefore, the optimum plasma pre-treatment conditions on the surface of dielectric is essential to interfacial reliability of FOWLP RDL.
Bravo silver - 중·노년층에서 증가세를 보이는 '역류성 식도염' 바로알기
김가희,Kim, Ga-Hui 한국건강관리협회 2015 건강소식 Vol.39 No.9
60대 자영업자 A씨는 언제부턴가 식사를 하고 나면 씁쓰름한 신물이 식도를 역류해 올라왔다. 어떤 때는 음식물이 넘어와 되새김질을 하기도 했다. 상복부가 쓰리고 가슴 통증이 생겨 병원을 찾아 검사한 결과 '역류성 식도염' 진단을 받았다. 역류성 식도염은 잘못된 식습관에서 비롯되기도 하지만 A씨처럼 나이가 지긋한 경우엔 위 괄약근 조직이 약해져 나타난 것일 수 있다.
김가희,김희진,유회수,Kim Ka-Hee,Kim Hee-Jin,Ryoo Hoi-Soo 대한용접접합학회 2005 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Quantitative evaluation was performed on the microstructure of flux-cored arc(FCA) weld metal using a method blown as IIW scheme. It was mainly intended to figure out any practical difficulties in applying this method and also to provide the consumable makers with basic guide line in developing FCA welding consumables far better properties. Assessment of the experimental results showed IIW scheme was quite reliable in the low heat input range where the acicular ferrite was a major constituent. However, in the high heat input range, some scatter was noticed as the other phases like grain boundary ferrite and Widmansttaten ferrite become dominant. It implies that the accuracy of IIW scheme depends on the faction of microstructural constituents and it become worse as the fraction of latter two phases increases. This tendency was discussed in terms of the characteristics of those two phases. In addition, base line microstructure of rutile type FCA weld metal was addressed for developing new FCA welding consumables intended for higher heat input welding.
A New Technique Using Ultra-slim Endoscopy for High- Grade Crohn’s Stricture
김가희,Kyung-Jo Kim,Gi Ae Kim,Jee Eun Yang,Hee Jung Park,예병덕,명승재,양석균 대한대장항문학회 2012 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.28 No.5
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Most patients with CD will eventually develop a stricturing or penetrating complication. Colonoscopic findings may predict the clinical course in patients with CD. Moreover, since CD patients are at increased risk for developing dysplasia and colorectal cancer, surveillance colonoscopy is necessary for the detection of malignancies. We describe here a CD patient with a high-grade anorectal stricture who successfully underwent a total colon examination with an ultra-slim upper endoscope after an insertion failure with a standard colonoscope and gastroscope.
칫솔질을 이용한 구강간호가 중환자실 환자의 구강상태 및 인공호흡기 관련 폐렴에 미치는 효과
윤혜영,이은숙,김정연,김향숙,김경애,김은성,손주온,김가희,김민정,김아람,박선정,추성미,손미정,하은진,오의금,Yun, Hye-Young,Lee, Eun-Sook,Kim, Jung-Yeon,Kim, Hyang-Sook,Kim, Kyung-Ae,Kim, Eun-Sung,Sohn, Joo-Ohn,Kim, Ka-Hee,Kim, Min-Jung,Kim, Ah-Ram 한국중환자간호학회 2011 중환자간호학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tooth-brushing oral care on oral health and ventilator-associated pneumonia of patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A total of 74 participants were recruited from a medical, surgical, or neurosurgical ICU at S Hospital in Seoul, Korea, from September of 2010 to January of 2011. An experimental group (n= 36) received oral care with tooth-brushing while a control group (n=38) received oral care with cotton ball and gauze. In both group, the oral care was done three times a day at least one minute for 7 days. Oral health was examined by the Modified Oral Assessment Guide before the intervention and each night. Results: There is no difference between the groups in aspect of passage of time (p = .603), interaction between time and intervention (p =.300), the performance intervention (p = .766), and the incidence of VAP (p = .486). Conclusion: The effect of oral care with tooth-brushing on oral health and VAP was not different from that of usual oral care in ICU. However, further study is necessary due to high attrition in this study.