항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

석탄 가스화를 통한 전력 생산과 DME 병산 공정에 대한 기초 경제성 분석

유영돈 ( Young Don Yoo ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),조원준 ( Won Jun Cho ),모용기 ( Yong Gi Mo ),송용택 ( Tae Kyong Song ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.6

The key for the commercial deployment of IGCC power plants or chemical (methanol, dimethyl ether, etc.) production plants based on coal gasification is their economic advantage over plants producing electricity or chemicals from crude oil or natural gas. The better economy of coal gasification based plants can be obtained by co-production of electricity and chemicals. In this study, we carried out the economic feasibility analysis on the process of co-producing electricity and DME (dimethyl ether) using coal gasification. The plant’s capacity was 250 MW electric and DME production of 300,000 ton per year. Assuming that the sales price of DME is 500,000 won/ton, the production cost of electricity is in the range of 33~58% of 150.69 won/kwh which is the average of SMP (system marginal price) in 2013, Korea. At present, the sales price of DME in China is approximately 900,000 won/ton. Therefore, there are more potential for lowering the price of co-produced electricity when comparing that from IGCC only. Since the co-production system can not only use the coal gasifier and the gas purification process as a common facility but also can control production rates of electricity and DME depending on the market demand, the production cost of electricity and DME can be significantly reduced compared to the process of producing electricity or DME separately.

손자병법을 통한 디지털 경영전략

송경용,김원철 東新大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This research investigated about business strategy spread variously by compare 5 principle in art of war and is grafted together with administration strategic theory digital age. Infinity age that 21th century digital age is fast is coming. Keyword of 21th century administration is game plan, information, info, change, being etc. In 21th century, corporation formation's environment change is unforeseeable effectively. It is important that approach in strategic administration to do so that formation may can achieve result that want in these environment. Leader who retain strategic thoughtway examines together two faces of pros and cons necessarily when begin action that is new. Deflective thinking to lean on which one during work that is worth getting into gains and work that see damage must not have. Only so, can enjoy much successes keeping away miss beforehand. Principles that say in art of war called art of business strategy ever for these as necessary main principles to business strategy development in administration as well as war. Corporation must apply digital business strategy system properly taking a triangular position at early time because collect and uses value creation and great many information for customer.

대전지방 도시단독주택 지붕ㆍ현관ㆍ창호의 형태에 관한 조사연구

宋容浩,金尙謙,趙原德 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1986 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.1 No.2

Roof, porch and window are important exterior elements which constitute the building envelope. This is a research on these elements of urban detached houses in Taejon area to suggest the basic data for housing design. The research is executed by enquete survey, photographs, sketch, measurement of size and survey sheets. By analyzing the elements according to the building ages, type, size, materials and color, and then comparing them with the traditional elements, the findings extracted the following criteria; 1) the inclination of roof type/color. 2) the tendency of establishing porch. 3) the changing aspects of window type/materials/color as well as those of entrance door.

낭성법랑모세포종, 함치성낭, 치성각화낭의 방사선소견과 Ki-67, PCNA, Cytokeratin 발현과의 연관성에 관한 연구

송만용,이삼선,이진구,이원진,허민석,이재일,민병무,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.2

Purpose : To compare the proliferation potential of the epithelial cells between unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), dentigerous cyst (DC), and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and to correlate this proliferation potential with the radiographic features of these three pathoses. Materials and Methods : Immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, Ki-67, and cytokeratin as a proliferation marker were assessed for 15 cases of UA, 15 cases of DC, and 15 cases of OKC. The degree of immunochemical expression of three proliferation markers were correlated with the radiographic features, especially cortical expansion (negative and positive) and shape of border (scalloped and round). Results : Using PCNA and Ki-67, OKC showed the highest proliferation potential and UA the lowest. Statistically significant differences were found between the OKC and the UA (p.0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was present according to the radiographic features in all pathoses. Using cytokeratin, there was no significant differences of proliferation potential among three pathoses. Conclusions : OKC epithelium has the most intense proliferation potential, followed by the dentigeous cyst and then unicystic ameloblastoma. There is no significant relation between the radiographic features and the proliferation potential of epithelium of these three pathoses.

蛇行現象과 流路移動에 關한 硏究

宋在偶,丁榕泰,白景元 弘益大學校 1990 弘大論叢 Vol.22 No.2

The results of an analysis of channel characteristics for a river basin were as follows; 1) The concave bank for the downstream of once or twice of river width from the apex of curvature should be destroyed more than enlargement channel width by flood. 2) The bedslope increased because of cut-off and all the more flux flowed if the cross-section area was constant. The results of cut-off decreased the flood-flow-level at the upstream, but the bed was eroded and tended to be deposited at the downstream. 3) Based on the momentum equation for flow in a stream bend, the force per unit area which the flow exerts on the outer of a bend was expressed by the curvature ratio which was in proportion to flow characteristics, sediment characteristics, and bend geometry. 4) Considering the construction of riverbank, the average channel migration ratio had been 4.687m/yr from 1953 to 1967 and 10.485m/yr from 1968 to 1981. Generally a distribution of bed material showed that the grain size decreasd with a flow going downstream, exept nearly after the Pal-Dang Dam, the grain size bigger in 1981 than 1967 because the Dam cut the supply of sediment, so small grains were carried away by a flows.

두경부 편팡상피세포암 세포주에서 세포주기 조절인자의 활성 및 이상:후두편평상피세포암에서 종양억제 유전자 CDKN2 유전자 발현이상

송시연,한태희,배창훈,김용대,송계원 영남대학교 의과대학 2005 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are family of molecules that regulate the cell cycle. The CDKN2, a CDK4 inhibitor, also called p16, has been implicated in human tumorigenesis. The CDKN2, inhibits the cyclin/CDK complexes which regulate the transition from G1 to S phase of cell cycle. There is a previous repot that homozygous deletion of CDKN2 region on chromosome 9p21 was detected frequently in astrocytoma, glioma and osteosarcoma, less frequently in lung cancer, leukemia and ovarian cancer, but not detected in colon cancer and neuroblastoma. However, little is known about the relationship between CDKN2 and laryngeal cancer. Therefore this study was initiated to investigate the role of CDKN2 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma development. Materials and methods: We used 5 human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines whether they have deletion or losses of CDKN2 gene expression by DNA-PCR or RT-PCR, respectively. We examined 8 fresh frozen human laryngeal cancer tissues to detect the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) of CDKN2 PCR was performed by using micosatellite markers of short arm of human chromosome 9 (D9S126, D9S144, D9S156, D9S161, D9S162,D9S166, D9S166, D9S171,D9S200 and D9SIFNA).For informative cases, allelic loss was scored of the signal of one allele was significantly decreased in tumor DNA when compared to eh same allele in normal DNA. Results: the CDKN2 DNA deletion was observed in 3 cell lines. The CDKN2 mRNA expression was observed in only one cell line, which was very weak. LOH was detected in 7 cases(87.5%) Conclusion: These results suggest that CDKN2 plays a role in the carcinogenesis of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

도말층 존재 유무에 따른 One-step 접착 시스템의 미세인장결합강도

송용범,진정희,이세준,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study were to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of one-step adhesives according to various dentin surface treatments and to observe the interface between resin(Z-100^™) and dentin under SEM. In this study forty-five non-caries extracted human molars and three adhesive systems were used : All-Bond 2(AB), One-Up Bond F(OU), AQ-Bond(AQ). : In group 1, 2, 3, AB was used and tooth surfaces were treated by smearing(S), ultrasonic cleansing(US), etching(E) respectively. In Group 4, 5, 6, One-Up Bond F was used and tooth surfaces were treated as the same way above. In Groups 7, 8, 9, AQ Bond was used and tooth surfaces were treated as the same way. Each specimen was prepared for microtensile bond testing, and were stored for 24hrs in 37℃ distilled water. After that, microtensile bond strength for each specimen was measured. Specimens were fabricated to examine the failure patterns of interface between resin and dentin and observed under the SEM. The results were as follows; 1. The results(mean±SD) of microtensile test were group 1, 25.69±4.31MPa; group 2, 40.93±10.94MPa; group 3, 47.65±8.85MPa; group 4, 36.98±9.14MPa; group 5, 39.66±8.45MPa; group 6, 43.26±13.01MPa; group 7, 25.07±4.2MPa; group 8, 30.4±4.74Mpa; group 9, 33.61±7.88MPa. 2. One-Up Bond F was showed the highest value of 36.98±9.14MPa in dentin surface treatment with smearing, and there were significant differences to the other groups(p<0.05). 3. All-Bond 2 was showed the highest value of 40.93±10.94MPa in dentin surface treatment with ultrasonic cleansing, but was no significant difference to One-Up Bond F(p>0.05). 4. All-Bond 2 was showed the highest value of 47.65±8.85MPa in dentin surface treatment with etching(10%phosphoric acid), and there were significant differences to the other groups(p<0.05). 5. All-Bond 2 was showed the highest value of 47.65±8.85MPa in dentin surface treatment according to manufacture's directions, but was no significant diference to One-Up Bond F(p>0.05). 6. AQ Bond was showed the lowest microtensile bond strength with various dentin surface treatment. and the were significant differences to the other groups(p<0.05).

간흡충: 충체 및 대사성 항원의 특성분석 (1)항원투여 마우스 비장조직에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

송강원,주난영,류장근,양용석 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1996 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.2 No.2

저자들은 마우스를 실험모델로 하여 간흡충의 항원을 투여 했을 때 비장조직에 대한 CD3, CD4 및 CD8 모노클로날 항체의 반응 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 즉, 간흡충에 대한 세포면역학적인 특성을 규명고자 하였으며 특히 비장 조직에 대한 phenotype을 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 간흡충의 조항원을 면역증강제와 함께 복강 투여한 다음 일정 기간 후에 비장조직을 Avidin-biotin complex 면역조직염색을 실시한 결과 CD3에서 강한 양성 반응을 나타냈고 CD4와 CD8에서는 약한 반응을 나타냈다. 조직부위를 보면 피막, 혈관, 임파관, 백수부위와 림프구 및 대식세포의 세포막에서 양성반응을 보였다. The authors inquired into what reactions comprise the response of mice(as a model) CD3, CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies in spleen tissue when injected intraperitoneally by antigens of Clonorchis sinensis. The author is objective was focused on investigating the property of cellular immunity for liver fluke. In particular, the results of having examined the phenotype of the tissue of spleen were revealed as follows: a certain length of time after having been intraperitoneally injected with antigens of Clonorchis sinensis and Freund's adjuvant, the tissue of spleen was embedded and immunohistochemically stained by the avidin-biotin complex method. A strong reaction in response to CD3, while a feeble reaction resulted from CD4 and CD8. The tissue region showed a positive reaction to all antibodies, especially from capsules, vascular areas, white pulps and membrane of blood cells.

병식 평가 척도-한국판(SUMD-K)의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증

송지영,김기태,이서경,김용희,노준호,김종우,장환일,반건호,강원섭 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Korean version of the Scale to Assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD-K). Methods : The subjects were 55 schizophrenic patients between ages of 26 and 58 who were recruited from the psychiatric unit of the university hospital and the out-patient clinic. The SUMD-K and insight scale of PANSS were applied to the patients. Results : The range of inter-rater (Spearman's rho) of the general items of SUMD-K were .97-.98 on the current illness and .58-.98 on the past illness. The correlation coefficient between the sum and the general items of the SUMD-K showed high scores. The concurrent validity between SUMD-K and insight item of PANSS was high (scores between .59-.96). However,the reliability and the validity of the attribution items of symptoms showed low scores compared to the current symptoms. Conclusion : The SUMD-K was confirmed in its reliability and validity. It can be a useful clinician-rating scale for evaluating insight in schizophrenic patients as well as patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions.