원수주입위치 변화에 따른 침지식 막반응조의 처리특성과 중수도 적용성 평가에 관한 연구

강용태,조용현,장성부 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

Nowadays, Water is deteriorating with several reasons such as increase of wastewater which is flowed into river and limitation of water resource. Therefore, we concentrate on plans for securing of water resource by reusing wastewater treatment effluent. In this study, reuse system was organized using submerged membrane bioreactor(SMBR) consisted of anoxic, select, and aerobic tank with membrane as plan for solving problems mentioned above and optimized operating hydrauric retention time(HRT) was found by comparing with the characteristics of treatment with several HRT. Also, the lst floor and 2nd floor membrane module were analyzed to find more effective operating condition in SMBR. Specific characteristics of treatment for waste water SMBR was represented as follows. we could know below 10㎎/L of BOD, below 5㎎/L of COD, 0 ㎎/L of SS without regard to change of HRT, which was satisfied with the standard of reuse water. Optimized HRT was 2.3hr and by composing the 2nd floor membrane module, air flow rate could be reduced 28.5% lower than of the 1st floor membrane.

최초 침전지를 대체하기 위한 고속생물막 침전지의 특성에 관한 연구

강용태,장성부,조용현 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

It is not easy to find reasonable area for construction of wastewater treatment facility. and biological treatment such as a conventional activated sludge process can't remove non-point source pollutant in initial rainfall, sufficiently. So if we use physical treatment and disinfection process, combined sewer overflows don't cause significant pollution. In this study, to reduce area of wastewater treatment facility, the rapid biofilm clarifier was configurated and its characteristics were analyzed according to the velocity of filtration and cycles of backwash. Specific characteristics of the rapid biofilm clarifier with 50 ㎥/d of volume were represented that Turbidity and SS removal rate was 30.2%, 30.9% respectively, and that of BOD and COD was 22.0%, 21.0% without regard to change of quality of raw water. By comparing the rapid biofilm clarifier and clarifier of conventional activated sludge process with having 50 ㎥/㎡·d, of surface-loading rate and 2.0 m of depth, we could know the rapid biofilm clarifier could reduce area of clarifier 11 times as much than that of conventional activated sludge process. Cycle of backwash was represented as 24, 18, and 24 hours when velocity of filtration was 222 ㎥/㎡·d, 333 ㎥/㎡·d, and 555 ㎥/㎡·d, and BOD. SS biologically removed in the rapid biofilm clarifier was 342.80, 346.82 g/d, 258.08, 222.72 g/d, and 143.36, 136.52 g/d respectively.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

투기종목 선수들의 체형

강상조 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.1

The present study was attempted to compare the physique characteristics by different weight classes within and among the combat sport players in order to examine the efficacy of using elite player's morphological characteristics as a model for success. Anthropometric data were collected on 176 national level players who selected from four different sport events such as 52 taekwondo (n=52), judo (n=38), boxing (n=41), and wrestling (n=45). Weight classes were categorized into four groups such as <60kg, 65-72.9kg, 73-80.9kg, and >81kg, regardless of original weight classes of each sport events in order to compare the different sport events. Measurements taken included age, height, body mass, nine skinfolds, 10 girths, six breadths, and six lengths. Means and standard deviations were calculated for endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy and ponderal index (height/cube root of weight), and somatotype attitudinal distance (SAD) and mean (SAM) in three dimensions for the total samples as well as for each weight category and sport events. The differences among the individual somatotype components were examined by ANOVA. It was revealed that the mean differences of Ponderal index among sport events (F(3,160)=34.66, p<.001) and weight categories (F(3,160)=11.41, p<.001) were statistically significant. Taekwondo (42.7) and boxing (42.4) were higher than judo (40.8) and wrestling (41.2). Light and middle categories such as <60kg (42.4) and 65-72.9kg (42.1) were higher than light-heavy and heavy categories such as 73-80.9kg (41.4), and >81kg (41.0). There were no differences among the sport events in SAMs, i.e. dispersion of somatotypes for their mean (F(3,160)=0.62, p>.05). However, differences in SAMs were found among weight categories F(3,160)=3.56, p<.05). Although no differences were found among the sport events in SAMs, mean somatotypes of the three components (endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy) were significantly different (p<.05) among the sport events. The mean somatotypes for taekwondo (2.4-4.5-2.7), judo (3.1-6.7-1.4), boxing (3.0-5.0-2.5), and wrestling (2.8-6.1-1.6) are all relatively high in mesomorphy. Endo-mesomorphs are dominant at all combat sport events. The mean somatotypes for <60kg (2.4-5.0-2.5), 65-72.9kg (2.5-5.3-2.2), 73-80.9kg (3.1-5.8-1.8), and >81kg (3.6-6.1-1.5), regardless of sport events, showed that somatotypes were more endo-mesomorphic with increased weight. Taekwondo competitors were more balanced-mesomorphs overall and were not as mesomorphic as wrestling or judo competitors. Judo competitors were the most mesomorphic with being mostly endo-mesomorphs. Boxing competitors were less mesomorphic overall as well as being more ectomorphic. Wrestlng competitors were most like judo competitors. Regardless of sport events, endomorphy and mesomorphy increase and ectomorphy decreases with increased weight. Endomorphy levels are similar between sport events for each weight category. Judo competitors are the most mesomorphic and least ectomorphic among sport events for each weight category. Based on the mean somatotype plots by sport event and weight category, somatotypes show the trend to be more endo-mesomorphic with increased weight. The somatoplot change is in the direction from right to left away from the ectomorphic comer of the somatochart for all sport events. The somatotype results of this study are similar to those from studies of Montreal Olympic weight-classified sport participants.

問項反應理論 模型에 의한 「運動選手에 대한 態度」측정

姜相兆 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1997 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.1

The Rasch Partial Credit model in calibrating a scale assessing the attitude toward athletes. has several advantages. First, the appropriateness of testing can be evaluated based upon their difficulty level, because task difficulties and examinee abilities share the same metric. Second, goodness-of-fit statistics generated from the Rasch modeling provide a quantitative index to determine whether or not testing items have met the requirements of the calibration. Third, the Rasch Partial Credit modeling provided a more appropriate interpretation of examinees' scores(Zhu, 1995). The purpose of this study was to apply the Rasch Partial Credit model for scaling the Attitudes toward Athletes Scale into a mealsure of attitudes. A total of 421 students(196 males and 225 females), junior high to college in Seoul, were involved in this study. Attitudes toward Athletes Scale, consisting of 7 bipolar adjectives which form a unidimensionality of the scale, was developed on the basis of factor analysis. The selected 7 bipolar adjectives are beautiful-ugly, clean-dirty, wisefoolish, good-bad, like-dislike, happy-sad, and valuable-invaluable which represent 'evaluative' dimension. The raw scores were analyzed by PC-CREDIT, a computer program for partial credit analysis(Masters & Wilson, 1988). The unconditional maximum likelihood procedure was used for parameter estimation. Because 7 levels were defined for each bipolar adjective items, 6 step-difficulty parameters were estimated for each item. The step difficulty was defined as the intersection between two adjacent levels. The model-data fit was evaluated by t statistics(Wright & Masters, 1982). A t-statistic value between -2 and +2 indicated an acceptable model-data fit ; a value between -2 and -3, or between +2 and +3, indicated a marginal model-data fit ; and a value either less than -3 or larger than +3 indicated a model-data misfit. Step difficulties estimated for 7 bipolar adjective items ranged from -1.62 to 1.98. The range of difficulty increases dramatically because items have multi-category outcomes. The easiest(the most negative) step was the fourth step at item 5 "like-dislike"(??) and the hardest(the most positive) step was the seventh step at item 3 "wise-foolish"(??). Satisfactory model-data fit was found for item 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 and marginal model-data fit found for item 7, but not for item 3(t=4.48). This indicated that the 7 bipolar adjective items except item 3(wise-foolish) were appropriately defined and were measuring a similar trait, i.e., attitude toward athletes. The average level of positive attitude toward athletes was .47, with a standard deviation of .58. The positive attitude level toward athletes of males(??) was higher than that of females(??), and the level of middle and high school students were higher than those of college students.

運動技能檢査의 難易度 推定 및 同等化

姜相兆,李美英 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1996 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to estimate the item difficulty and the ability parameters of the volleyball toss and basketball shoot skill tests by Rasch item response theory model, to test the goodness-of-fit satistics of data for model, and to equate the volleyball toss and basketball shoot skill tests for the college exaninees. The two skill tests were administered to 1303 college entrance examinees(963 males and 339 females). Item difficulties and examinees's abilities were estimated for each skill test separately by using the many-faceted Rasch model. The equipercentile equating model of single group design was used for equating It was found that goodness-of-fit indexes were ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 and model fit data well both tests. The volleyball toss skill test was slightly easier than the basketball shoot skill test and both skill tests were easier fir males than for females in terms of item difficulty. Item difficulties of the tests were ranged from -2.647 to -2.910. The item difficulties of both tests showed similar trend between males and females. In conclusion, the Rasch Poisson counts model can be applied in an appropriate manner to estimate the item difficulty and examinees' parameter of volleyball toss and basketball shoot skill tests. The equipercentile equating provided a useful means to equate two different skill tests.

흰쥐 경동맥 손상 모형에서 체외 방사선조사에 의한 신내막 과증식억제 : Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1과 Vascular cell Adhesion Molecule-1의 역할 The Possible Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

강동헌,승기배,장기육,임상현,정해억,임효영,김연실,채장성,김재형,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.9

간세포암의 고주파 열치료 후 천자침 경로를 통한 전이 1례

조영완,박석주,진한영,김준영,이재익,강명주,박정하,윤정희,박성재,지삼룡,이연재,이상혁,설상영 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Radiofrequency ablation(RFA), as a form of minimally invasive therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, has become an important treatment modality. Because of limitation of surgery, RFA has become standard therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in some situations. But there are some complications of RFA such as bleeding, infection, hematoma, adjacent organ thermal damage including intestinal perforation, needle track seeding, and so on. There are few reports in the literature that systematically evaluate the incidence of needle tract seeding and its associated risk factors. And only 2 cases of needle tract seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after RFA were reported in Korea. We report a case of needle tract seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after RFA.

비소세포폐암에서 동시화학방사선요법을 받는 중 생긴 기관폐루1례

강건희,조성우,김성록,유영진,이효락 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

최근 근치적 절제가 불가능한 국소진행성 비소세포 폐암에서 화학요법을 방사선요법과 동시에 투여하는 치료방법에 대한 연구가 활발이 이루어지고 있으며 이러한 치료과정 중 생긴 여러 부작용에 대한 연구도 이루어지고 있지만 아직까지 기관폐루가 생겼다고 보고는 없다. 따라서 치료과정 중 기관폐루가 의심되는 소견이 있을 경우 이에 대한 조기 진단과 치료를 통하여 부작용에 따른 사망률을 최소화하여야 하겠다. The incidence of lung cancer is increasing steadily and various methods have been attempted to enhance the cure rate of locally advanced non small cell lung cancer, which is hardly removable surgically, but the results are not satisfactory yet. Recently, research is being made actively on the simultaneous application of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced non small cell lung cancer that cannot be radically resected and the we experienced a case of patient diagnosed with bronchopulmonary fistula during the treatment process, and therefore report it here.

Allylisothiocyanate 첨가가 Aflatoxin 생성 곰팡이 대사산물의 생합성에 미치는 영향

강성조,여명재,이은일,송재영,정덕화 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The effects of allylisothiocyanate on the biosynthesis of various fungus metabolites such as sterigrnatocystin, lipid, protein, citrate RNA and AMP from the culture of Aspergillius parasiticus R-716 were investigated. The content of sterigmatocystin, the precursor of aflatoxin, was lower in the culture added with 50ppm allylisothiocyanate after 48 hours, however was rather higher after 144 hours compared to that of the control. The addition of allylisothiocyanate resulted in the increase of lipid, protein, RNA in mycelium and the content of citrate in the media, but the amount of AMP was low.