SHS 공정으로 제조된 Mo<SUB>x</SUB>W<SUB>1-x</SUB>Si₂ 발열체의 가속수명시험과 고장분석

이동원(Dong-Won Lee),이상헌(Sang-Hun Lee),김용남(Yong-Nam Kim),이희수(Heesoo Lee),이성철(Sung-Chul Lee),구상모(Sang-Mo Koo),오종민(Jong-Min Oh) 한국전기전자학회 2017 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3

고온자전합성과 후열처리 공정으로 MoxW1-xSi₂ 발열체를 제조하였다. MoxW1-xSi₂ 발열체의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 가속수명시험을 수행하였으며, 수명시간을 Minitab 프로그램으로 추정하였다. 또한, 가속수명시험 후의 MoxW1-xSi₂ 발열체의 고장분석을 전기적과 구조적 특성으로부터 수행하였다. 그 결과, MoxW1-xSi₂ 발열체의 지배적인 고장 유형은 발열체 내부의 크랙 형성과 SiO₂ 보호층의 박리임을 확인하였다. MoxW1-xSi₂ heaters were fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process and post sintering process. To validate the reliability of the MoxW1-xSi₂ heaters, the accelerated life test (ALT) was conducted, and then lifetime to MoxW1-xSi₂ heaters was estimated by using Minitab programs. Also, the failure analysis of MoxW1-xSi₂ heaters after ALT was performed through electrical and structural properties. As the results, it was confirmed that the dominant failure mode of MoxW1-xSi₂ heaters is the crack formation in heaters and the delamination of protective SiO₂ layers.

SHS 공정에 의해 제조된 Mo_xW_1-xSi₂ 발열체의 열화메커니즘

이동원,이상헌,김용남,이성철,구상모,오종민,Lee, Dong-Won,Lee, Sang-Hun,Kim, Yong-Nam,Lee, Sung-Chul,Koo, Sang-Mo,Oh, Jong-Min 한국전기전자재료학회 2017 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.30 No.10

The degradation mechanism of $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ ultrahigh-temperature heating elements fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesiswas investigated. The $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ specimens (with and without post-annealing) were subjected to ADTs (accelerated degradation tests) at temperatures up to $1,700^{\circ}C$ at heating rates of 3, 4, 5, 7, and $14^{\circ}C/min$. The surface loads of all the specimen heaters were increased with the increase in the target temperature. For the $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ specimens without annealing, many pores and secondary-phase particles were observed in the microstructure; the surface load increased to $23.9W/cm^2$ at $1,700^{\circ}C$, while the bending strength drastically reduced to 242 MPa. In contrast, the $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ specimens after post-annealing retained $single-Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ phases and showed superior durability after the ADT. Consequently, it is thought that the formation of microcracks and coarse secondary phases during the ADT are the main causes for the degraded performance of the $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ heating elements without post-annealing.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

선인장 양심실 보조장치의 설계 및 임상적용을 위한 평가

민병구,박찬영,최재순,이혁수,황창모,김삼성,윤걸중,김종원,선경,이경갑,정종태,김원곤 제주대학교 인공심장이식연구소 2001 인공심장 연구 Vol.2 No.1

현재 개발되고 있는 맥동형 이식형 인공심장은 완전이식형 인공심장과 좌심실보조장치 뿐이다. 좌심실보조장치를 장착한 환자의 10~15%가 우심실의 보조를 필요로하고 완전이식형 인공심장의 장착을 위해서는 자연심장을 제거해야하는 상황에서 이식형 양심실보조장치에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구진은 완전이식형 인공심장으로 개발된 한국형 인공심장을 개선하여 양심 실 보조장치를 개발하였다. 양심실보조장치는 이동형 작동기식 미케니즘을 이용하고 있으며 에너지 변환장치와 감속기로 구성된 작동기와 혈액주머니, 그리고 내장형 제어기로 구성되어 있다. 선인장 펌프로 명명된 KAH350은 캐뉼라의 연결을 위한 커넥터를 포함하여 길이 177mm, 폭 164mm, 높이 67 이고 무게 780g이며 최대 심박출량은 5L/min 이다. 양심실보조장치로 개발된 선인장펌프는 좌심실보조장치로도 응용이 가능하다. 이식적합성과 생체적합성을 평가하기 위하여 좌심실보조장치로 5회, 양싱실보조장치로 6회의 동물실험을 수행하였다. 각각 최장 28일간 생존하였으며 11회의 동물실험중 장치의 결함에 의한 것이 3회 있었는데 이들은 모두 전자장치의 결함과 방수처리문제였다. 현재 이식적합성과 일박출량을 향상시킨 KAH400모델이 개발중이다. The types of pulsatile implantable artificial hearts that are on the way of development and have been developed are totally implantable artificial heart and implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Approximately 10% to 15% of all patients Implanted with wearable VADs have required right heart support with another device. And it is reluctant to patient who should remove his or her own heart to be implanted with total artificial heart. These situations drive the development of implantable bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD). The Korean BVAD was develophed by modifying the moving actuator type Korean artificial heart. This electro-mechanical BVAD comprises actuator including energy converter and reduction gear train, blood sacs, and internal motor and energy controllers. The KAH350 which is named as 'Cactus Pump' is 177mm in length, 164mm in width, and 67mm in thickness including connectors and nuts. The weight and maximum cardiac output of Cactus Pump is 780g and 5L/min, respectively. The Cactus Pump that was developed as BVAD could be used as LVAD by attaching compliance caps on the 2 ports of one ventricle. The animal experiments were undergone 5 times for LVAD, and 6 times for BVAD. The best records were 28 days survival in both applications. There were 3 times of device failure and they were all associated with electrical connection and hermetic sealing. The KAH400 that has improved anatomical fitting characterisitcs and stroke volume is on development.

中小都市의 開發戰略에 關한 考察

金鍾厚,裵點模 群山大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

1. The purposes of this thesis are not only eliminating the harmful influence of metropolitan but also developing national land proportionately by trying to find out development strategy of small towns and cities. 2. The functions of small towns and cities are as follows: 1) subjects of production and consumption, 2) node of regional development activity, 3) central place of regional development. Then, why develop small towns and cities? The answers are as follows: 1) need for a central place system to promote economic growth, 2) need for lower order centers to create a more equitable pattern of development, 3) need for a more “balanced”settlement system to promote “bottom-up” development . How strongly small towns and cities should be linked to larger cities and the degree to which small towns and cities should even be the focus of development policies remain issues of debate and contention. 3. Present conditions and problems of small towns and cities in Korea are as follows: They can't get out of rural stagnation in population trend and premodern smallness in industrial structure. And they can't accomplish urban function dynamically because they have a tendency of metropolitan-oriented mobility in residence's consciousness. 4. Development strategy of small towns and cities are as follows: 1) In leadership, understanding, concern and support of leader and consistency in policy are requisite. 2) In program, long-term master plan should be made out and executed steadily. 3) In human resources, arrangements of excellent public servent, favorable treatments in interchange of personnel, continuous educations and trainings are necessary. In material resources, various measures to secure fund should be taken. 4) In structure, organization for the development of small towns and cities and professor's corps for evaluation of urban policy should be established. 5) In skill, we should introduce and apply land substitution method which emphasize value of land instead of area of land. 6) In environment, we should make small towns and cities comfortable in residence and emphasize diversity and conventionality more than simplicity and modernity.

농업인의 농업생산 역량 진단도구 개발

김진모,정철영,주대진,길대환,박종선,송민철 한국농업교육학회 2011 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.43 No.4

급격하게 변화하는 환경에 대응할 수 있는 전문농업인을 체계적으로 육성해야하는 현 시점에서 농업인에게 실제적으로 요구되는 능력 및 역량을 표준화하고 농업인의 능력수준을 체계적으로 파악해야 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 농업생산 역량 진단도구 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌 고찰, 전문가 협의회, 전문가 자문, 설문조사 등의 방법을 활용하여 23개 품목별 농업인의 성장단계 및 성취기준을 설정하고, 농업생산 역량모델을 개발한 후 이를 토대로 역량 진단도구를 개발하였다. 농업생산 역량모델은 직무분석 접근방법을 기반으로 하여 직무과제 분석을 실시하였고, 그 결과에 따라 역량 및 행동지표를 개발하였다. 역량 진단도구는 자가진단 방식으로 현재수준을 측정하도록 하였으며, 전문가 패널을 통해 설정한 개발목표 및 중요도와 비교할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 이 연구를 통해 도출된 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농업인의 성장단계를 초보자, 준전문가, 전문가의 3단계로 규정하였다. 둘째, 농업인의 성장단계별 성취기준을 품목별로 설정하였다. 셋째, 23개 품목별 직무과제 분석을 통해 농업생산 역량모델을 개발하였다. 넷째, 품목별 역량모델의 행동지표를 활용한 문항개발을 통해 농업생산 역량 진단도구를 개발하였다. There are increasing needs to systematically foster professional farmers who can cope with the rapidly changing environment. Therefore, it is important to set competency standards for farmers and to systematically measure levels of farmers competencies. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to develop an assessment tool for farmers agriculture production competency. Through a literature review, council meetings, experts consultation and survey, we set developmental stages and achievement standards of farmers for 23 farming products, developed an agricultural production competency model, and finally developed an agricultural production competency assessment tool. A competency model for agricultural production was developed using job and task analysis, and competency behavioral indicators were developed according to the job analysis result. A competency assessment tool was made to measure farmers’present state of competency level by a self-assessment method and was designed to be able to compare themselves with developmental objectives and level of importance set by the expert panel. The result of this study is as follows: 1) Developmental stages of farmers were determined as three levels: beginners, semi-professionals and professionals; 2) Achievement standards for each developmental stage of farmers were set; 3) Agriculture production competency model was developed using job and task analysis for 23 farming products; 4) Assessment tool for agriculture production competency was developed by developing questionnaire items with competency behavioral indicators.

차세대 고속철도 특수교량의 설계 및 기술사양 조사

박만호(Park Man-Ho),문제우(Mun Je-U),김성일(Kim Sung-Il),홍성모(Hong Seong-Mo),김종태(Kim Jong-Tae) 한국철도학회 2008 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Mo-Am arch bridge is only the long-span bridge (with 125m span) in the Kyong-Bu high-speed line in service, while other bridges are PSC box girder bridges and steel composite bridges with span lengths of 25~50m. However, in foreign high-speed lines, special cable-supported bridges like cable-stayed bridges and extradosed bridges are being adopted in earnest with technical specifications. The cable supported bridge is recognized as one of the indices of technology in civil engineering field, and thus it is being adpoted with a sense of rivalry in countries with advanced technology in railway engineering. In this paper, to apply the top-level cable-supported bridge technology to the domestic high-speed line up to 400㎞/h by establishing the technical specifications on cable-supported bridges including span length, the requirements for securing the dynamic stability and running safety of high speed train are analyzed through case studies for domestic and foreign cases.

국민학교 예·체능 교과 전담제의 문제점과 개선 방안 : Physical Education, Music Education, and Art Education

김문규,박종원,양철모 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1992 초등교육연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems and to make a solution for the management of subject teacher system (particularly, physical education, music education, and art education) in elementary school. The subjects were 980 elementary school teachers who were randomized by researchers. They reported their perceptions and opinions with a questionaire that was developed by researchers and some other teachers were interviewed on the problems and means of sattling that of the management of subject teacher system in elementary schools. The results of this study were as follows. 1. School Principals should be have a new understanding about the purpose of subject teacher system that could be devote to improve the quality of subject-matter education and the effectiveness of instruction. 2. Subject teacher system have to be applied in 4-6 grade in elementary school. 3. Preferentially, subject teacher system should be applied for physical education, music education, and art education. 4. The references of selection for subject teacher should be restricted within volunteers and effective teacher on the selected subjects. 5. The school hours of subject teacher should be limitted to under 22 hours per week, and in the case of physical education, music education, and art education teachers should be limitted to below 18 hours. It is necessary that educational facilities, materials, and rest space for subject teachers should be expanded. 7. To attract physical education, music education, and art education teachers, new incentive system should be adopted. 8. To improve human relationship between subject teachers and class teachers, cooperative program should be developed. 9. It is necessary for subject teachers that the opportunity involved solf-improvement and self-realization should be offered. 10. In the last analysis, physical education teacher, music education teacher, 문 art education teacher should be educated in the major courses at the teachers college.

흰쥐에서 반복적 스트레스가 GABA성 신경전달에 미치는 영향

김창수,이종범,성형모,시현석,김진성,박형배,정성덕,하정희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 일반적으로 생체는 각종 스트레스에 반응하여 적응(adaptation) 기전이 나타난다. 이러한 적응 기전과 관련하여 포유동물의 중요한 억제성 신경전달계인 GABA성 신경전달계의 스트레스성 자극에 대한 반응양상에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 신경전달의 변화양상은 부하된 스트레스의 종류 및 기간에 따라 다양하게 나타나므로 더욱 상세한 연구를 필요로 한다. 방 법 : 본 연구에서는 하루 2시간의 부동화 스트레스를 반복적으로 2주간 부하한 흰쥐의 뇌조직에서 GABA성 신경전달의 변화 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 수용체 결합반응을 통하여 GABA 수용체의 각 component별 배위자들의 각 수용체에 대한 결합 반응의 변화 양상을 정상 대조군와 비교하여 보고, 유의한 변화가 있는 부분의 상세한 검정을 위하여 포화결합반응을 통하여 친화력(Kd) 및 최대결합력(Bmax)에서의 변화양상을 검색하였다. 뿐만 아니라 GABA성 신경전달에 관여하는 중요한 신경전달체인 내인성 GABA의 함량과 대사효소인 GABA transaminase의 활성도의 변화양상도 검색하였다. 결 과 : 연구결과 반복적인 부동화 스트레스는 GABA 수용체 효현제인 [³H]muscimol의 흰쥐 뇌조직 GABA 수용체에 대한 결합도에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 대뇌피질조직의 GABA 대사효소인 GABA transaminase 활성도를 감소시켰으나, 피질조직외의 다른 조직의 GABA transaminase 활성도나 내인성 GABA의 농도에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반복적인 부동화 스트레스를 부하한 흰쥐의 대뇌피질, 해마 및 시상하부 조직에서는 [³H]flunitrazepam의 수용체 결합도가 감소하였으며, 포화결합 반응결과 수용체의 수가 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과를 요약하면, 흰쥐에게 부하한 반복적인 부동화 스트레스는 뇌조직의 benzodiazepine 수용체의 수를 감소시킴으로써 GABA성 신경전달을 감소시키며, 이러한 GABA성 신경전달계의 변환은 생체에서 스트레스로 인한 행동장애의 한 기전이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. Objectives : Changes of GABAergic neurotransmission in response to the application of different types of environmental stress have been the subject of research for over two decades. However, the nature of the changes induced by stress appear to show a dependent phenomena on the type and duration of stressor agent employed. Methods : For this reason, this study was performed to observe the effects of repeated stress on the radioligands binding to GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors of discrete brain regions. The author also examined the activity of GABA transaminase and the concentration of endogenous GABA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 150-200g were forced to suffer an immobilization stress for 2 hours during 14 consecutive days. Results : Repeated immobilization stress decreased the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam on the benzodiazepine receptor in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Saturation experiments followed by scatchard analyses of the results showed decreased density of benzodiazepine receptor and the affinity remained unchanged. Repeated immobilization stress did not affect the binding of [3H]muscimol on the GABAA receptor, the activity of GABA transaminase, and the concentration of endogenous GABA in the brain regions. Conclusions : From these results, it can be concluded that repeated immobilization stress modulated GABAergic neurotransmission via downregulation of the benzodiazepine receptor in the brain.