Production and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in Chitin Catabolic Cascade from a Bacterial Strain Isolated from Soil

( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Jeong In Lee ),( So Yeon Park ),( Yoo Kyeong Jang ),( You Bin Lim ),( Hye Yoon Lee ),( Young Min Jung ),( Hae Chang Lee ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Shaheen Amna ),( Jae Kweon Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The present study was aimed to isolate the bacteria producing chitinolytic enzymes including chitin deacetylase (CDA) from soil origin. About 24 bacteria were screened for their chitinolytic enzymes producing ability on the basis of colloidal chitin. Amongst one of the most potent isolates designated to JI-02 was further selected as the most prominent chitinolytic and CDAlike enzyme (CDA-X) producer based on the ability of deacetylation of an artificial substrate pNP-acetamilide. The maximum production of CDA-X in crude enzyme from JI-02 was observed in the presence of 1% colloidal chitin at 37°C and pH 6.4 after 120 h of incubation. Potent enzyme activity of CDA-X was determined toward pNP-acetamilide, demonstrating that optimal pH, temperature and ionic strength of the CDA-X were assessed to be 7.0, 52°C and 125 mM, respectively. Unexpectedly, Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was not fully converted by the action of CDA-X to glucosamine (GlcN) under the established conditions. Further study on enzyme activity toward chitin-oligosaccharides consisting of multi-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)n, n=2-5 may be necessary to elucidate the mode of action which requires the minimum size of (GlcNAc)n. However, our data suggest that CDA-X can convert chitin to chitosan with the maximum yield of approximately 0.08g/L during the fermentation of the strain in the presence of chitin. Furthermore, we found that crude enzyme showed the significant chitosanolytic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the strain JI-02 may be a potential candidate as a particular strain for better understating of chitin catabolic pathway.

여대생의 생활습관 및 스트레스가 변비에 미치는 영향

문지희,전혜연,강나영,김희정,배나영,양아롬,왕세미,하주영,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38

The purpose of this research is to analyze relationships among the habitual life, stress, and constipation and to help prevent and improve the constipation among women's university students. This is a descriptive interrelated research that has targeted women's university students. The data had been collected for 10 days, from December 22, 2003 to December 31, 2003. The survey was carried out to the 295 women's university students that had been randomly selected by visiting four-year-course colleges and universities in Seoul. The survey consists of 78 questions: five questions on the general trait, 11 questions on the habitual life, 51 questions on the stress, and 11 questions on the constipation. There are seven questions on the dietary life, four questions on exercising, and Shin Jung Ran's survey(2003) and Lee Ji Jung's survey(2001) was used as a reference. Yoon Ho Yul's five grade stress barometer(1996) was also used to measure the amount of stress. The collected data was analyzed by a real number, percentage, the arithmetical mean, the standard deviation, t-test, x²test using SPSS 10.00 for Windows Program. Results are as follow 1. Four to six cups of daily water intake was the highest by 50.0%. Students not have breakfast(55.7%) mostly because they did not have enough time(62.6%). Dinner was the most overeated meal by 72.3% and the most preferred food was meat by 42.0%. In the questions related to exercising, more than half of the students answered that they hardly do not exercise(58%), work out for less than 30minutes(67.3%), and exercised lightly(75.3%). 2. Students were suffering from stresses due to the personal relations(51.36±14.0426), scholastic achievement and personal direction(24.93±8.3037), financial conditions and family matters(20.28±8.1718) and social circumstances(2.7262). 3. In the defection part, the student's reply that they have more than five times of bowel movement on a weekly basis(48.3%), and that it takes three to five minutes to defecate(41.3%) were the highest. More than half of the students answered that their one time excrement quantity was between 30 grams to 60 grams(72.3%) and that it was normal(68.7%). In a question asking how it feels after the defecation(students were allowed to choose more than one answer), relieved and refreshed was the highest by 66.6%, an uncomfortable followed by 42.8%. 4.4% of the students answered that they suffer from strong abdominal pain during the defecation. The rest of the students answered that they do not have stomachache or that it was normal. The students were classified into the constipation group of 103 people(34.9%) and the normal group of 192 people(65.1%) under the devised definition of this research. 4. Students that live in dormitories and do their own cooking were more likely to have constipation than those that live in private residence or in a lodgins. 5. The research showed that there is a mutual relation between water in a day intake and the constipation. It means that the lesser water students drink, the more they suffer from the constipation. The number of times a student had a meal everyday and the constipation was interrelated. If a student had lesser or irregular meals in a day, they had more constipation. Preferred food and constipation was also interrelated. Students that preferred vegetable, fruit, and dairy products were more likely to belong in a normal/general group. 6. By dividing the stress factors into the lower categories, we were able to see that the total stress(t-2.063, p-0.040), personal relations(t-2.316, p-0.021), scholastic achievements and personal directions(t-20127, p-0.034) had mutual relation with the constipation. The constipation group(120.27±30.2708) was suffering from stronger level of stress than the normal group(112.97±28.1466). Through this study, we were able to verify that the few general traits, habitual life, and stress of the women's university students have mutual relations with the constipation.

전문비서직에 대한 이대 비서학과 학부학생들의 의식구

구효선,김경화,윤혜정,이지연,정은희,강은정,김윤희,신해정 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1997 비서학연구 Vol.- No.17

청소년의 스마트폰 중독과 우울 및 불안과의 관계

김경은,김필송,민주연,박수경,신서인,이지은,정해인,조호정,최정원,최정인 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the degree of smart phone addiction among adolescents and their depression and anxiety levels. Method: In this study, 379 high school students were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments used for this study were smart phone addiction measure, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for smart phone addiction was 40.45±17.27, depression was 36.56±9.58, state anxiety was 44.00±9.61, and trait anxiety was 45.70±9.75. There were significant differences between the degree of smart phone addiction and the following variables: gender (t=-4.953, p<.001), hours of smart phone use per day (F=12.259, p<.001), types of frequently used features (F=3.485, p=.008), and satisfaction level for smart phone (F=5.18, p<.001). There were statistically significant relationships (p<.001) among degree of smart phone addiction, depression level, and state and trait anxiety levels. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that there was a significant relationship between smart phone addiction and mental health, specifically, depression and anxiety among adolescents. Further research is needed to develop nursing strategies to provide care for adolescents who frequently utilize smart phones.

우리나라 대학병원 의료기사의 업무실태에 관한 고찰 : 방사선사, 임상병리사, 물리치료사를 중심으로

지연상,정상진 광주보건대학 1998 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Ten of university hospitals in korea were sampled randomly, the average burden of a medical technician per a day is measured, the method which the appropriate number of medical technicians can be secured is sought, hospital scale and the number of patients are selected as variables, correlation to these variables is examined and it is to refer to estimate the appropriate number of medical technicians each hospital needed in future. As a result of this research, first in the number of medical technicians per 100 wards, radiographers are 4.5, clinical pathologists are 5.2 and physical therapists are 1.1. Second, it is examined and analyzed that the number of wards per one medical technician is not significant to the scale of hospital. Third, it is shown that in the number of patients per one medical technician at ten hospitals, radiographers are 30.5, clinical pathologists are 26.0 and physical therapists are 207.7. Fourth, in the average burden of one medical technician a day, radiographers are 23.3, clinical pathologists are 250.4 and physical therapists are 17.5 and in addition, it is analyzed that it has not significant relation to such variables as the average burden of a medical technician a day, the scale of hospital and the number of patients. Fifth, in the average hours of handling a service, it is examined that photographing takes 22.1 min., test 20 min and physical therapy 29.8 min. It is considered that the standard of appropriate number of medical technician which takes account of the number of patients, hours of handing a service and the speciality of hospital should be prepared in each hospital and improvement of quality of medical service should be emphasized.

대장암 세포주 SNU C2A에서 etoposide처리에 의한 apoptosis 유도

정지연,나윤숙,정호철,오상진 Official Journal of the Korean society for immunol 2001 Immune Network Vol.1 No.3

아시아 지역 폐렴 구균의 항균제 내성 현황 및 변화 양상 : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

정숙인,김나영,손준성,기현균,고관수,서지연,장현하,김연숙,오원섭,백경란,이남용,송재훈,항생제 내성 감시를 위한 아시아 연합 (ANSORP) 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : 1980년대부터 페니실린을 비롯한 β-lactam 계열과 비 β-lactam 계열 항균제에 대한 폐렴구균의 항생제 내성이 급격하게 증가하여 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. ANSORP 에서는 아시아 지역에서 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성과 그 변화 추이, 내성의 기전 및 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 국제 공동 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 11월부터 2001년 8월까지 아시아 지역 12개국의 14개 기관에서 폐렴구균 감염증 환자의 임상 검체로 분리된 침습성 폐렴구균을 대상으로 액체배지 미량희석법을 이용하여 16개 항생제의 MIC를 구하였다. 위험인자의 분석을 위하여 폐렴구균 감염증 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지를 조사하였다. Quellung 반응을 통해 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결과 : 총 685균주 중 52.4%가 페니실린에 대하여 비감수성(중등도 내성 22.9%, 내성 29.5%)을 보였고, 그 빈도는 베트남(92.1%), 스리랑카(85.7%), 홍콩(67.9%), 한국(64.5%)의 순이었다. Erythromycin에 대한 비감수성 비율은 베트남(92.1%), 대만(87.7%), 한국(80.6%), 홍콩(76.8%) 등에서 높게 나타났고, 베트남, 대만, 한국, 홍콩 등의 erythromycin의 MIC_(90)이 32㎍/mL를 넘는 고도내성을 보였다. 홍콩, 싱가포르, 대만, 인도에서는 fluoroquinolone에 대한 내성 균주가 출현하였다. 전체 균주 중 다제내성 균주의 비율은 47.7%였다. 혈청형은 19형과 23형이 가장 많았고, 그 외 6형, 14형 등이 있었다. 페니실린 비감수성 감염증의 위험인자로는 5세 미만(OR=1.7; 95%, CI, 1.2-2.4; P=0.002), 기관지폐질환(OR=2.0; 95%, CI, 1.3-3.1; P=0.003), 악성종양(OR=2.3; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6; P=0.015), 스테로이드의 사용(OR=2.8; 95%, CI, 1.1-7.4; P=0.032)이 확인되었다. 결론 : 침습성 폐렴구균 균주를 대상으로 한 본 연구의 결과 아시아 국가들에서 페니실린, β-lactam 및 macrolide에 대한 폐렴구균의 내성률 및 내성 정도가 급증하고 있음을 확인하였다. Background : Emergence of pneumococcal resistance became a global issue since 1990s. According to the ANSORP studies with clinical isolates and carriage isolates between 1996 and 1999, some Asian countries showed alarmingly high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. To investigate the changing trends of pneumococcal resistance, ANSORP study group has performed a multinational surveillance study with invasive pneumococcal isolates from Asian countries. Methods : All isolates from various invasive pneumococcal diseases were prospectively collected from 14 centers in 12 countries between November 1999 to August 2001. Broth microdilution tests with 16 antimicrobial agents were performed according to the NCCLS procedures. Serotyping was performed by means of Quelling reaction with use of group-specific antisera. Results : A total of 685 isolates were collected. Overall, 52.4% of invasive isolates from Asian countries were not susceptible to penicillin (intermediate (1), 22.9%, Resistant (R), 29.5%). Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility (1 20.6%, R 71.4%) followed by Sri Lanka (1 71.4%, R 14.3%), Hong Kong (1 24.1%, R 76%) and Korea (1 9.7%, R 54.8%). China (I 19.8%, R 23.4%) and Malaysia (1 9.1%, R 29.5%) also showed remarkable increase in penicillin resistance compared with previous ANSORP data, which were less than 10%. Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (87.7%), Korea (80.6%), and Hong Kong (76.8%) showed high prevalence of erythromycin resistance. MIG_(90)S for ciprofloxacin were 4 ㎍/mL (Hong Kong) and 2 ㎍/mL (11 Asian countries except Hong Kong), respectively. Conclusion : Compared with previous data from ANSORP studies, antimicrobial resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates has markedly increased in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal resistance in Asia is strongly warranted.

코퍼스에 기반한 한국 중학생의 영어 유의어 연어능력에 관한 연구

정연창,염지민,장세은 새한영어영문학회 2006 새한영어영문학 Vol.48 No.4

This study investigates Korean middle school students' collocation ability of English synonymous verbs and adjectives. The focus is on how well Korean middle school students understand the difference in collocation between these synonymous words. The subjects are a total of 73 middle school students. They are divided into two groups according to their grade on midterm exams, a high level group and a low level group. Five pairs of verbs and adjectives, such as look/see, tell/say, large/big, little/small, tall/high were tested. The results are as follows. First, students are better in adjectives than verbs. Second, there are some questions which are pretty easy and familiar, but students do not answer correctly. This indicates that simple exposure to sentences with these words is not enough for foreign learners to acquire the appropriate use of these five pairs of synonymous words. Third, it is found that learners' general English ability correlates with their collocation ability. Fourth, no regularity can be found in their errors. This means that English grammar is not fully internalized, so that they answer the questions according to fragmentary knowledge of English and their familiarity with some particular English expressions.

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.

제1유구치의 조기 상실로 인한 공간 변화에 대한 3차원적 분석

김지연,정다운,곽소연,유승은,박기태 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 제1유구치의 조기 상실 시 공간 변화에 대한 분석을 위하여 3-Dimensional Laser Scanner를 이용하여 그 유용성을 평가하고자 하는 예비논문이다. 6세-8세 사이의 제1대구치가 맹출하여 확실한 교합 관계를 이루는 혼합치 열기 어린이 중 편측 제1유구치의 조기 발치가 필요한 6명의 발치 전 후의 모형을 이용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. l. 유구치 공간변화는 상악은 실험군과 대조군 모두 현저한 감소를 보이지 않았고, 하악은 실험군에서 3명 중 2명에서 공간감소가 관찰되었다. 2. 치열궁 너비,치열궁 둘레는 초기모형과 최종모형에서 비슷한 값을 보였다. 3. 협설측 경사도 변화는 유견치에서는 상하악 모두 특별한 경향을 보이지 않았으며,제2유구치는 상악은 실험군과 대조군이 유사하였고,하악에서는 3명중 2명에서 실험군이 더 큰 설측경사도 변화를 보였다. 제1대구치는 하악에서 실험군이 더 큰 설측경사도 변화가 관찰되었다. 4. 근원심 경사도 변화 측정에서 유견치는 상하악 모두 특별한 경향이 관찰되지 않았고 제2유구치의 경우 하악에서 실험군이 더 큰 근심경사도 증가가 보였다. 제1대구치는 상악에서 실험군,대조군 모두 원심 경사도가 증가되었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 3-Dimensional laser scanner for the space analysis after loss of a primary first molar. Six children with premature loss of a primary first molar were examined using study models taken before and after the extraction. The results were as follows: 1. There was no change in primary molar space after the extraction of a maxillary primary first molar However, 2 out of 3 children experienced primary molar space loss in extraction side of a mandibular primary first molar. 2. Arch width and arch perimeter showed no difference between initial and final model. 3. All primary canines did not show any changes in inclination. Maxillary primary second molars had similar changes in both extraction and control side. However, 2 out of 3 mandibular primary second molars in extraction side showed more lingual tipping compared to control side. Mandibular permanent first molars tipped more lingually in extraction side. 4. In angulation, primary canines showed nothing of significance. Mandibular primary second molars tipped more mesially in extraction side than in control side. Maxillary permanent first molars have increased distal angulation after extraction of primary first molars in both side.