중심화 이론과 영어 주어-동사 도치구문

김두식 현대영미어문학회 2000 현대영미어문학 Vol.18 No.2

This paper reviews Birner's(1998) arguments for centering theory with special reference to subject-verb inversions(SVIs) in English and refines some of her arguments, substituting 'scalar relations' for 'recency of mention', which she suggests as a determinant factor for the 'preferred center'. This paper attempts to show that the existence of 'inferables' in the preposed argument-less element in SVIs makes implausible her argument, that the preposed element serves as the 'backward-looking center'(Cb) of the given SVI utterance, and that it is the 'implicitly realized' argument part in the element that does serve as the Cb, thereby maintaining her argument. It is also shown that by viewing CONTINUE transition as two types of topical progression, defined in terms of scalar relations, the postulation of the 'implicit Cb' is motivated and the status of the inferables can be identified as elements signaling a topic-shift marker, the function of which is concerned with co-/sub-topical development.

확정성과 영어한정사의 결합제약

김두식 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1988 현대영미어문학 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of the present study is to define English determiners in terms of definiteness, to divide them into three classes, and to propose three combinational restrictions on them between the three classes. It is here claimed that English determiners should be classified in terms of (in) definiteness as well as their distribution in pronominal modification. The basic meaning of definiteness, proper to the definite determiners, consists of LOCATION and INCLUSIVENESS, as is claimed in Hawkins (1978). It means that the definite determiners are used to "locate" the referent of the definite NP within one (set) of the objects properly pragmatically defined and refer "inclusively" to the totality of the objects. On the other hand, the core meaning of indefiniteness is in contrast with definiteness in having EXCLUSIVENESS property. It means that the indefinite determiners are used to refer "exclusively" to not-all, i.e. there are claimed to exist other objects excluded from the reference of an indefinite NP. According to (in)definiteness and their modificational distribution, the determiners are classified into Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ. On the basis of their ability to precede or follow Class Ⅱ, the most central of the determiners, Class Ⅰ is termed Predeterminer Class, such as all, both, half and the like and Class Ⅲ is termed postdeterminer Class, such as two, first, many, (a) few, such, (an)other, etc. Class Ⅱ is divided into Class Ⅱ-1, such as the, my, this and so forth, Class Ⅱ-2, such as some, most, every, each, (n)either, which and so on. The three combinational restrictions proposed in this study are as follows: Restriction Ⅰ: The combinational order of English determiners should be the one like (Class Ⅰ-Class Ⅱ-Class Ⅲ) but the determiners in Class Ⅰ should be combined with those in Class Ⅱ-1. Restriction Ⅱ: The determiners in the same class, except for Class Ⅲ, should not be combined one another. Restriction Ⅲ: The combination in the order like (Class Ⅱ-2 or Ⅲ-Class Ⅱ-1) is impossible by violating Restriction Ⅰ & Ⅱ, but is possible by inserting of between the former class and the latter one.

英語文章副詞의 制約과 基準

金斗植 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1984 현대영미어문학 Vol.2 No.-

In definition, sentence adverbs can be used to modify a whole sentence or just the predicate of a sentence, while predicate adverbs cannot be used to modify a full sentence. It is not the case that predicate adverbs cannot he used as sentence adverbs. Both of them can be interchanged in semantic or pragmatic function. The concept of 'modify' in the above definition should be dealt with on the pragmatic dimension. The present sudy is an attempt to show a variety of constraints on -ly-type sentence adverbs and the criteria for them in terms of speech act theory (or pragmatics). It has been shown in terms of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics that pure sentence adverbs may include just evaluative, modality, epithetic and pragmatic adverbs and exclude frequency, conjunctive and domain adverbs in their list. My proposed criteria for sentence adverbs in terms of pragmatics are as follows: First, sentence adverbs convey the locutionary act as their adjectival paraphrases (Itis PRED that... or S is PRED ***** ). Second, sentence adverbs convey the illocutionary act as conversationary paraphrases (I judge that... or I demonstrate that...). Third, sentence adverbs convey the perlocutionary act as the consequent inducive of sect on the hearer.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Binary Opposition [Same/Similar vs. Different/Opposite] and its Rhetorical Effects

( Doo-shick Kim ) 현대영미어문학회 2017 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

Many studies have dealt figures of speech or rhetorical devices for the understanding of literature, but few have dealt figures of speech such as antithesis, chiasmus and antimetabole for the function of them in the texts. The purpose of this lecture is to explain the necessity of introducing Binary Opposition(BO) to textual analysis and to suggest that the combination of sameness/similarity and oppositeness in a sentence produces a rhetorical effect, one that the proverb "extremes meet" produces, by examining pairs of near-synonyms, and antithesis, chiasmus and antimetabole as figures of speech.

“Contextual Opposition Effect” and the Distinction between confusingly similar pairs of words or phrases

Doo-Shick Kim(김두식) 담화·인지언어학회 2015 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Some Observations on Discourse-based Grammar of English

Doo-Shick Kim 담화·인지언어학회 2006 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

An Analysis of English Cleft Sentences from the Perspective of Gradience

Doo-Shick Kim 한국언어과학회 2011 한국언어과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.02

‘Contextual Opposition Effect’ and the Distinction between pairs of synonymous words or phrases

( Doo-shick Kim ) 현대영미어문학회 2015 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

Another Look at Non-locative Be-inversion Constructions in English

Doo-Shick Kim 한국언어학회 1996 언어 Vol.21 No.1