Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponins attenuate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions via suppression of NF-kB and STAT1 and activation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated heme oxygenase-1

( Jae Ho Choi ),( Sun Woo Jin ),( Eun Hee Han ),( Bong Hwan Park ),( Hyung Gyun Kim ),( Tilak Khanal ),( Yong Pil Hwang ),( Minh Truong Do ),( Hyun Sun Lee ),( Young Chul Chung ),( Hee Suk Kim ),( Tae 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0

Purpose: The consequences of precipitously rising allergic skin inflammation rates worldwide have accelerated the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD). Natural product-based agents with good efficacy and low risk of side effects offer promising prevention and treatment strategies for inflammation-related diseases. We have already reported that Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponins (Changkil saponins, CKS) have many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, but its influence on AD remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of CKS, mainly platycodin D, on AD-like skin symptoms in mice and the possible mechanisms in cells. Methods: Mice were sensitized and challenged with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Four weeks after challenge, mice were treated with oral administration of CKS for 4 weeks. In addition, cells were used to evaluate the effect of CKS, mainly platycodin D, on the TARC expression regulated mechanism. Results: CKS attenuated DNCB-induced dermatitis severity, serum levels of IgE and TARC, and mRNA expression of TARC, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in mice. Histopathological examination showed reduced thickness of the epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells and mast cells in the ears. Moreover, CKS and platycodin D inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC expression through the suppression of NF-κB and STAT1 and induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in cells. Conclusion: We suggest that CKS and platycodin D inhibited the development of AD-like skin symptoms by regulating cytokine mediators and may be an effective alternative therapy for AD-like skin symptoms.ⓒ2014 Elsevler Gmbh. All rights reserved.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

Omeprazole 투여시 위산분비 억제능에 대한 CYP2C19 의 영향

박수헌(Soo Heon Park),김종원(Jong Won Kim),이수연(Soo Youn Lee),최명규(Myung Gyu Choi),김재광(Jae Kwang Kim),정인식(In Sik Chung),정규원(Gyu Won Chung),선희식(Hee Sik Sun),박두호(Doo Ho Park) 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Background/Aims: CYP2C19 has an important role in the catabolism of several proton pump inhibitors. However, the relative contribution of CYP2C19-mediated metabolism varies among the different proton pump inhibitors. We investigate to determine the effect of CYP2C19 genotype status on intragastric pH during dosing with omeprazole. Methods: The subjects were 16 healthy volunteers. Their CYP2C19 genotype status was determined by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Twenty-four-hour monitoring of intragastric acidity were performed on the day without medication and day 4 after omeprazole administration. Results: A single dose of omeprazole significantly decreased 24 hour intragastric acidity (1.7±0.3 vs. 5.1±0.4). Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their CYP2C19 genotype status: homozygous extensive metabolizers (Ho-EMs, n=5), heterozygous extensive metabolizers (Ht-EMs, n=6), and poor metabolizers (PMs, n=5). Median 24 hour intragastric pH in the Ho-EM group was 3.1 compared with 5.5 in Ht-EM group and 5.9 in PM group(P<0.05). The median pH during omeprazole administration was influenced by CYP2C19 genotype. On the other hand, the Helicobacter pylori infection did not influence the median intragastric pH during omeprazole administration (p= NS). Conclusions: The effects of omeprazole on intragastric acidity is influenced by the CYP2C19 polymorphism. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2001;38:399-404)

소아기 외과계질환의 통계적 관찰

정용헌,이재호,이건수,서종진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.2

Child is not little man but rather a father of man. Children are faced to surgical and medical problems reqiring various specialists. Authors analized 1126 pediatric surgical in-patients of Chung-nam National Univ. Hospital from Jan. to Dec. 1988 by departments, age, sex, duration of admission and types of diseases in order to get the information for management of children’s hospital. The results are as follows: 1. Absolute numbers of in-patients by departments are above 200 in general surgery and opthalmology, between 100-199 in plastic surgery, ENT, chest surgery and below 99 in urology and neurosurgery. 2. Male to female ratio as a whole is 1.8:1, male dominant. 3. Duration of admission within 1 week was of 55% as a whole, 87% in ENT, 85% in ophthalmology, 13% in orthopedic surgery. 4. Average duration of admission was 10.8 days as a whole, 4.6 days in ENT, 5.1 in ophthalmology, 29.7 days in orthopedic surgery, and variable by types of diseases. 5. The most frequent disease by departments was hernia in general surgery, fracture in orthopedic surgery, cerebral contusion in neurosurgery, ventricular septal defect in chest surgery, strabismus in ophthalmology, tonsillitis & adenoiditis in ENT.

生殖과 發生에 대한 高等學生들의 誤槪念

鄭玩鎬,車喜英,李在仁 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1994 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.4 No.1

This research was one part of the whole research which have been designed for the purpose of investigating korean high school students' misconceptions on biology. As previously reported by Chung et al. (1992), korean biology teachers teachers stated that korean students had many biological misconceptions. The previous study was a pilot study of this study. This study was to identify high school students' misconceptions about reproduction and development of organism. For this study, a free-answer form questionnaire consisted of twenty-one items, was specially developed through analysis of high school biology curriculum about reproduction and development, developed and sent to fifty four high school students lived in Seoul. Their responses were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the analysis of the students' responses will be used essential data for the following questionnaire development.

중소기업의 안전관리 활성화 방안

정요섭,이재호 漢陽大學校 産業經營硏究所 2000 産業經營硏究 Vol.12 No.-

IMF체제 이후 수익성이 저하된 기업들이 재해예방에 대한 투자 및 지원을 급격히 축소하고 있는 실정이다. 이런 상황에서 본 연구는 재해예방에 대한 투자 및 노력은 기업경쟁력 강화에 필수적이라는 전제하에 안전관리가 미흡한 중소기업에 있어서의 안전관리 활성화방안을 제시하는 것이다. 우선 안전관리의 국제적 현황과 공정안전관리(PSM)의 비용/수익분석을 살펴보고 국내기업 중 안전관리가 잘 되어 있다고 알려진 한 대기업의 PSM 운영현황을 살펴보았다. 이에 반해 안전관리가 미흡한 한 중소기업을 선정하여 안전관리 현황을 심도있게 분석하고 문제점을 파악하였다. 이러한 문제점을 바탕으로 우리나라 중소기업들이 안전관리를 활성화하기 위한 일련의 방안들을 제시하였다. 제시된 기본방향은 (1) 사업주들이 안전관리에 대한 지출을 소멸성경비가 아니라 기업의 경쟁력을 제고시키는 중요한 투자로 생각하는 의식의 전환이 필요하고, (2) 안전관리 담당자들 또한 비용/수익분석 등 다양한 분석자료를 통해 안전관리에 대한 투자가 기업의 수익성 증진에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 기업주에게 보여줄 수 있도록 해야 한다는 것이다.

급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

초등학교 자연과에서의 야외 수업 실태와 개선 방안 및 지도 방략

정완호,권치순,김재영,임채성 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

When we consider the developmental level of children, minds-on/hands-on experiences have very important value for effective science learning. As a basis for the development of outdoor-inquiry materials, we surveyed the status of outdoor activities in the elementary school science, then analyzed the data. Data were obtained from fifty-one teachers of nineteen elementary schools. Most of them (about 80%) recognized the necessity of outdoor instruction. However, they were using the outdoor activities 1.7 times at average per school year in practice. Most of these activities were practiced within school or nearby areas including parks. The major reasons for these poor use of outdoor activities presented by respondents were the cognitive characteristics of children and the excessive amount of science content to be covered. Also, these outdoor activeities were focused only to the observations in natural environment and cognitive aspects. Several factors, such as the lack of time, appropriate outdoor sites and instructional materials, and the insufficient experiences on the outdoor activities of teacher oneself, were acknowledged. These results have implications for the development of instructional materials for both of children and teachers. In this study, we suggested the effective instructional methods at outdoor environment in relation to the characteristics of children, topics, and sites.

北京과 香港特別行政區의 關係 : 1997年 回歸以後에 關한 推論的 論議 An Inferential Framework for the Post-1997 Arrangement

鄭在浩,盧兆興 서울大學校 國際問題硏究所 1996 세계정치 Vol.- No.20

정신과 약물의 부작용 : 여성에서

정상근,최재호 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

이상과 같이 임신 및 수유기간, 여성내분비 기능과 관련된 정신과 사용 약물들의 부작용과 일반적인 원칙 또는 관리방법 등에 대해 알아보았다. 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 개개인의 특정한 정신과적 질환의 약물치료와 여성 특유의 특정 상황에 대한 이해득실을 신중하게, 포괄적으로 평가하는 것이다. 정신과 의사들은 이러한 내용들을 충분히 숙지함으로서, 임상 실제 상황에서 임신, 수유, 여성내분비 기능과 관련된 부작용을 최소화하고 예방할 수 있다. The management of psychiatric problems during pregnancy and lactation represents a unique and complex clinical situation. When women take psychotropic medications in these conditions, they and their fetus or neonate may experience unwanted, adverse effects due to these medications. Inthe 1st trimester, teratogenicity is the main drug risk, in the 2-3rd trimester, growth retardation and neurological damage may occur and after birth, drug withdrawal effects may occur. Women may also experience sexual dysfunction or amenorrhea. Therefore, under the these background we reviewed adverse effects, malformations during pregnancy and lactation and female endocrine dysfunction. We also reviewed the principles and management of those situations.