정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

소의 대동맥 내피세포에서 산화저밀도 지단백에 의한 아포프토시스에 백일해 독소 및 콜레라 독소가 미치는 영향

손호영(Ho Young Son),강성구(Sung Ku Kang),강무일(Moo Il Kang),차봉연(Bong Youn Cha),이광우(Kwang Woo Lee),장상아(Sang Ah Chang),최윤희(Yoon Hee Choi),문성대(Sung Dae Moon),안유배(Yoo Bae Ahn),손현식(Hyun Sik Son),윤건호(Kun Ho Yoon) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.5

N/A Objectives : Oxidized LDL is thought to play a key role in atherogenesis. Among their wide variety of biological properties, oxidized LDL injures the endothelium as an early event of atherogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which oxidized LDL injures endothelial cells are not definitely known. In order to evaluate the involvement of GTP-binding protein on the mechanism of apoptosis, we studied the effects of pertussis and cholera toxin on oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs). Methods : Oxidized LDL elicited apoptosis in cultured BAECs as shown by characteristic morphological and biochemical changes. Chromatin condensation and nucleus fragmentation were visualized by using fluorescence microscopy of intact cells staining by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide. DNA fragmentation was quantified by an ELISA with specific antibody for bromodeoxyuridine- labelled DNA fragments and confirmed with DNA ladder formation. Results : Studies using a combination of bacterial toxins which change the function of GTP-binding protein suggest that oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was regulated by GTP-binding protein. Oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was not changed by pretreatment of BAECs with pertussis toxin. In contrast, pretreatment with cholera toxin completely prevented the oxidized LDL- induced apoptosis. Conclusion : These results show that oxidized LDL induces apoptosis of BAECs and suggest that cholera toxin-sensitive G-proteins are involved in signal transduction of oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis of BAEC.

Concurrent Autophagy Inhibition Overcomes the Resistance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Human Bladder Cancer Cells

Kang, Minyong,Lee, Kyoung-Hwa,Lee, Hye Sun,Jeong, Chang Wook,Kwak, Cheol,Kim, Hyeon Hoe,Ku, Ja Hyeon MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.2

<P>Despite the potential therapeutic efficacy of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in the treatment of advanced stage bladder cancer, there currently is no clear evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, we investigate whether the concurrent treatment of autophagy-blocking agents with EGFR inhibitors exerts synergistic anti-cancer effects in T24 and J82 human bladder cancer cells. Lapatinib and gefitinib were used as EGFR inhibitors, and bafilomycin A1 (BFA1), chloroquine (CQ) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as the pharmacologic inhibitors of autophagy activities. To assess the proliferative and self-renewal capabilities, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and a clonogenic assay were performed, respectively. To examine apoptotic cell death, flow cytometry using annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) was used. To measure the autophagy activities, the expression levels of LC3I and II was determined by Western blot analysis. To validate the synergistic effects of autophagy inhibition with EGFR inhibitors, we specifically blocked key autophagy regulatory gene ATG12 by transfection of small interference RNA and examined the phenotypic changes. Of note, lapatinib and gefitinib triggered autophagy activities in T24 and J82 human bladder cancer cells, as indicated by upregulation of LC3II. More importantly, inhibiting autophagy activities with pharmacologic inhibitors (BFA1, CQ or 3-MA) remarkably reduced the cell viabilities and clonal proliferation of T24 and J82 cells, compared to those treated with either of the agents alone. We also obtained similar results of the enhanced anti-cancer effects of EGFR inhibitors by suppressing the expression of ATG12. Notably, the apoptotic assay showed that synergistic anti-cancer effects were induced via the increase of apoptotic cell death. In summary, concomitant inhibition of autophagy activities potentiated the anti-cancer effects of EGFR inhibitors in human bladder cancer cells, indicating a novel therapeutic strategy to treat advanced bladder cancer.</P>

産母와 新生兒 血淸의 Ferritin, Fe 및 TIBC値에 관한 硏究

姜庚求,羅昌洙 조선의대 1984 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.9 No.1

비뇨생식기계 영역의 감염증에 있어서 Cefminox(Meicelin^(�))의 치료 효과

강순구,박만수,설종구 최신의학사 1991 最新醫學 Vol.34 No.10

아세안의 자유무역지대화 정책 : 평가와 전망 Evaluation and Prospect

변창구,여강모 효성여자대학교 법정연구소 1997 법정연구 Vol.4 No.-

These days the international economic order is being reorganized by the regionalismwhich is represented as the European Union(EU), the North American Free TradeArea(NAFTA) and liberalism in trade known as the World Trade Organization(WTO). TheAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) has tried to solidify the political, economic,and diplomatic cooperations among the member countries since it was formed in 1967.Especailly ASEAN has promoted to reinforce economic cooperation in many ways, but itseffect is very exceedingly limited. The most significant step in enhancing trade in ASEAN was the decision of the 4thASEAN Summit in 1992 to establish the ASEAN Free Trade Area(AFTA). The primaryobjective of AFTA was to enhance ASEAN's position as a competitive production basegeared 掠ward sevicing the global market. The Common Effective Preferential Tariff(CEPT)Scheme, which is the main mechanism for realizing AFTA, was launched on 1 January1993. The CEPT Scheme requires the reduction of tariffs for all products in the InclusionList the elimination of quantitative restriction as well as other non-tariff barriers. This thesis aims to study the real aspects of AFTA and exactly understand its developmental process. And so we have studied the backgrounds of establishing AFTA,and then analyzed its main contents which is included the Singapore Declaration, the Framework Agreement on Enhancing ASEAN Economic Cooperation and CEPT Arrangement. Finally we would like to have a vision of the AFTA by evaluating the effects and problems which is being occurred in the course of AFTA

Pendulum 장치의 상악대구치의 원심이동에 대한 효과

이창섭,김재광,강덕일,송광철,정현구,이상호 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

Ⅱ급 치성교합을 가진 환자에서는 I급 구치부 교합관계를 형성하기 위하여 상악 대구치의 원심이동이 필요하다 본 연구에서는 pendulum장치를 이용한 상악 대구치의 원심이동시 대구치의 이동양상과 고정원의 전방이동 및 정출정도 등 치아와 골격에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다. 상악 제1대구치를 원심이동시켜 1급 구치관계가 형성된 19명의 환자 (남: 8명. 여: 11명, 평균연령 11.68±1.52세)에서 장치 장착 전과 장치제거 직후에 얻어진 측면두부방사선사진을 비교 ·분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.I급 교합관계를 형성하기 위해서 제 1대구치는 평균 2.94± 1.54mm 원심이동하였으며 . 1.17±0.97mm 함입되었고, 소요기간은 평균 18.13±7.95일이었다. 2.고정 원으로 사용된 치아는 1.34± 1.40mm로 유의하게 전방 이동하였으며, 0.48±0.99mm 정출되었다. 또한 절치는 유의한 전방이동 및 순측경사가 발생하였다(P<0.05) . 3.구개평면과 하악평면이 이루는 각은 유의한 증가를 보였다(P(0.05). 4.제1소구치 또는 제1유구치가 고정 원으로 이용된 경우 제2소구치 또는 제2유구치가 이용된 경우 보다 전방이동이 증가하였다(P<0.005). 5. 제2대구치의 발육단계에 따른 제1대구치 및 제2대구치의 이동양상은 어떤 항목과도 유의성이 없었다(P<0.05). 6.얻어진 총 공간 중 74%는 제1대구치의 원심이동이,26%는 소구치의 전방이동에 의하여 얻어졌다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 pendulum appliance는 상악 대구치의 원심이동에 매우 효과적이었으며. 고정원의 소실을 최소화하기 위해 제2유구치 또는 제 2소구치가 포함되어야 한다. 또한 제1대구치의 원심경사는 필연적으로 일어나며. 이를 최소화하기 위한 노력이 계속되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. Treatment of class Ⅱ malocclusions require distalization of maxillary molars into class I relationship. Intra-arch distal molar movement techniques have recently assumed an important role in young patients. In this study, the dental and skeletal effects of the pendulum appliance were evaluated by means of cephalometric radi-ographs. The samples were consisted of 19 patients: 11 females and 8 males, mean age 11.68± 1.52 years. Measurements were obtained from cephalometric prior to and the day of removal of the pendulum appliance. Treatment changes were analyzed. The following results were obtain : 1. The pendulum appliance produced 2.94±1.54mm distal molar movement with a mean intrusion of 1 17± 0.97mm, mean period 18.13±7.95 weeks. 2. The anchor tooth was 1.34± 1.40mm forward movement and 0.48±0.99mm extrusion, and labial tilting of incisors. 3. The angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane increased significantly 4 There was no significant difference in according to 2nd molar position. 5. Total movement was consisted of 74% distal movement of 1st molar and 26% forward movement of the an-chor tooth

凍結溫度에 대한 植物의 反應과 生存戰略

김성복,이창후,강성구 高麗大學校 自然資源科學硏究所 1998 自然資源科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

식물은 여러 온도조건에서 생육하고 있으며 조직이 빙점 이하의 온도에 노출되면 내동성의 정도에 따라 다양한 피해정도를 나타내게 된다. 동결에 의한 식물세포의 피해과정을 과거 다양한 가설로 설명하여왔으나 최근에는 막의 이상접근이라는 공통된 현상을 기초로 한 가설로 설명하고 있다. 막의 이상접근을 동결상해의 원인으로 하면 저온순화에 의한 동결과정중에 세포에서 발생하는 구조변화 및 인공적인 동결보존과정에서의 동결상해 방어기구를 개념적으로 설명하는 것이 가능하다. 그러나 이 가설은 복잡한 생리기능을 나타내는 식물세포와 동결과정에서 발생하는 물리 화학적인 stress의 상호작용을 설명하기에는 아직 불충분하다. 한편, 식물은 동결이라는 극한상황에 적응하기 위하여 세포외동결이나 과냉각, 기관외동결로 대표되는 생존전략을 진화, 발전시켜 왔다. 어떤 생존전략을 선택하느냐에 따라서 식물이 적응, 생존할 수 있는 한계온도가 결정되며, 식물의 지리적 분포도 결정되다. 과냉각에 의해 내동성을 획득하는 경우 균질핵생성온도인 -40℃가 내동성의 한계가 되며, 기관외동결이나 세포외동결에 의한 내동성은 세포가 동결탈수에 저항할 수 있는 능력에 의해 결정되며 제한이 없다. 따라서 과냉각에 의해 내동성을 획득하고 있는 농작물의 재배지역의 한계는 과냉각특성을 이용한 재배적 기법이나 육종기법을 이용하여 세포외동결 및 기관외동결특성을 도입하는 방법 등에 의해 극복할 수 있을 것이다. 식물이 내동성을 획득하는 과정을 분자수준에서 분석하는 기법이 주목을 받고 있다. 저온에 감응한 세포에서 발생하는 유전자의 전사나 최종산물인 단백질 등을 분석하여 저온순화과정을 밝히고자 하는 노력으로 많은 단백질이 확인되었으나 이들이 내동성의 획득에 관여하는 역할은 아직 명확하지 않다. 한편에서는 내동성의 획득에 관련된 유전자를 cloning하여 형질전환 식물체의 육성이 시도되고 있다. 이와 같이 생명공학에 의해 가까운 미래에 생산성이 높고 내동성이 강한 식물을 창출하기 위해서도 내동성이라는 현상을 보다 명확히 할 필요가 있으며, 생물학을 시작으로 물리학, 화학 등의 광범위한 분야의 협력을 얻어 종합적으로 식물이 지니고 있는 동결이라는 극한상황에 대한 적응능력을 밝힐 필요가 있다.

The Suppression of Maturational Competence by Streptomycin during In vitro Maturation of Goat Follicular Oocytes

Kang, Jae Ku,Chang, Suk Min,Naruse, Kenji,Han, Jeung Whan,Park, Chang Sik,Jin, Dong Il 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2004 논문집 Vol. No.8

Antibiotics are common additives in culture media during in vitro embryo development, but their effects on oocyte maturation in vitro have not been tested. The effects of penicillin, streptomycin and gentamicin on the maturaltional competence and subsequent development potential of goat follicular oocytes were examined after parthenogenetic activation in vitro. Maturation rates at 24h after in vitro maturation, and parthenogenetic development at 48 h after activation, were evaluated by observing the protruding first polar body and the 4 cell stage cleavage, respectively. When streptomycin was present in the maturation medium, the percentages of matured oocytes 24h after activation were significantly(p<0.01) lower than those from the other groups(42.5-45.7% vs. 69.1-73.8%). Penicillin and gentamic in treatment did not affect the maturation rates or the percentages reaching the 4cell stage 48 h after activation. There was no significant difference in cleavage rates among the different antibiotic treatments 48 h after activation. Therefore, streptomycin suppresses the in vitro maturation of immature goat oocytes, but does not influence their subsequent development.

“Hidden” Warning Coloration: Predators Learn to aVoid Distasteful Prey with Hidden Conspicuous Display

Chang Ku Kang,Hyun Joon Cho,Sang im Lee,Piotr G. Jablonski 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Defended (distasteful or toxic) prey are often characterized by conspicuous coloration and this phenomenon is called "aposematism". The main advantage of aposematism is that it promotes faster learning by predators to avoid the prey. Some defended prey species use a different strategy; they remain cryptic in the normal state, but display conspicuous aposematic signal (which is normally hidden) in response to a predator's approach/attack. This anti-predator strategy of a defended prey has not been well studied yet although it can theoretically give the benefits of both camouflage and aposematism. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of this ‘hidden-aposematic signal’ as a warning signal. Using wild tits (Parus minor) as predator and novel artificial prey models (which mimics wings of insects), we tested whether hidden conspicuous signal of a defended prey enhances the avoidance learning rate of predators and how does it compare with the typical conspicuous/non-conspicuous signal. We found that hidden conspicuous signal indeed enhances the avoidance learning rate of predators in comparison with the non-conspicuous signal. However the overall learning rate by predators to avoid the defended prey was slower than for the normal conspicuous signal. Our results suggest that the prey with hidden-aposematic signals could enjoy both the benefits camouflage and the benefits of aposematism that are however lower than benefits from a typical aposematic signal. We, for the first time, highlight the functional aspect of a unique, but yet largely ignored, defensive coloration of prey.