텅스텐 실리사이드막의 물리적 전기적 특성

김태형,김창일,장의구 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1992 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

W-polycide(??/n+poly-Si)구조로 poly-Si막과 ?? 막 두께를 변화시켜 LPCVD를 이용하여 증착하고 온도를 달리하여 열처리하였으며 이러한 텅스텐 폴리사이드특성에 poly-Si막과 ??막 두께, 열처리 온도가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. ??막 두께가 증가함에 따라 면저항은 감소하고 스트레스는 증가하였으며 reflectance는 거의 일정하였다. poly-Si막 두께증가에 따라 스트레스는 다소 증가하였으나 면저항과 reflectance는 일정하였고 열처리 온도 증가에 따라서는 면저항과 reflectance는 감소하였고 스트레스는 증가하였다. 또한 조성(Si/W)비의 변화를 관찰하였다. Poly-Si and ?? films in polycide(??/n+poly-Si) structure were deposited by LPCVD to changed thickness, and then were annealed at various temperatures. The effect of poly-Si and ?? film thickness and annealing temperature on the W-polycide properties was investigated. With increasing ?? film thickness, it has been observed that sheet resistance decreases, stress increases, and reflectance in constant. It has also been observed that as poly-Si film thickness increases, stress increases a little bit, while sheet resistance and reflectance are constant. As the annealing temperature gets higher, the decrease in sheet resistance and reflectance, and the increase in stress have been observed. Also, the variation of composition(Si/W) ratio is examined.

응급실 자의퇴원환자의 요인분석

김승환,김옥준,장석준,정구영,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Discharge against medical advice(AMA) in the emergency department is a frustrating, painful event to both patients and emergency physicians and emergency physicians. A retrospective chart review of 347 consecutive AMA patient from our emergency department from December 1992 to May 1993. Among them, 185 patients were interviewed with our researcher about primary cause of AMA through telephone contact. The results were as follows : 1. Total 9,705 patients visited our emergency department during 6-months period and there was 347 AMA patients(3.6%) 2. The main reasons for 185 AMA were ; 1) patients' or family's own problem in 114 cases(61.6%) 2) changes in patient condition(terminal case, improvement) in 56 cases(30.3%). 3) dissatisfaction to medical services in 15 cases(8.1%) 3. During same period, there was 117 cases of drug intoxication mainly due to suicidal attempt and 18 AMA was noted. Among 18 AMA cases, 16 patients discharged against medical advice due to patients' own problem(mainly due to economical problem) but none of them revisited OPD or emergency department. 4. Eight of 40 AMA patients with symptom improvement were managed in OPD, emergency department or other hospital but none of them admitted. In conclusion, we noticed that the main cause of AMA is non-medical problem in Korea and there should be continuous effert to improve our medical insurance system, emergency medical services system. Only through the judicious use of AMA, it can be used as a tool of determining patient satisfaction and quality improvement in emergency medical field.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

Para-Chlorophenylalanine이 흰쥐 췌장 외분비부분 샘포세포에 미치는 영향에 대한광학 및 전자현미경적 연구

김인구,정영길,최창도,최월봉 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

연립 주택 화재시 유독가스 방출 특성과 Rats를 이용한 독성평가

김홍,강영구,김동현,정기창,이창섭,김운형 한국화재소방학회 2002 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

화재에 의한 독성가스의 노출은 인간에게 있어서 화재시 생명에 아주 위험한 요소일 것이다. 다양한 화재에 의한 독성가스의 노출 중 본 논문에서는 경기도 안산시 재개발지구에서 한 연립주택을 이용하여 실제화재와 같은 조건으로 화재 시험을 하였다. 화재시 발생하는 가스 CO, CO_2, O_2, SO_2, NO 및 NO_2등을 측정하였으며, 발생하는 가스를 실험동물인 백서(S.D)에 노출시켜 2분간격으로 혈액을 체취하였다. 독성평가를 위하여 백서의 혈액과 혈청 중 Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), CBC Count 및 CO(carboxy)-Hb를 분석하였다. 폭로되는 CO의 농도와 백서의 혈액중 CO-Hb 농도사이에 양-반응 관계(dose-response relationship)를 보였다. It has long been recognized that exposure to fire-induced toxic gases is a fatal hazard confronting people in fires. In this study, an indoor fire experiment was conducted in an unoccupied residential building located in An-san city, Kyoung-gi province, and the composition of effluent gases, which include CO, CO_2, O_2, SO_2, NO and NO_2, were measured by a gas analyzer A group of lab rats were exposed to the toxic gases released from fire, and the blood samples of the rats were gathered every 2 minutes. A toxicity evaluation was conducted by analyzing the concentrations of Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), CBC Count and CO(carboxy)-Hb in the blood samples. Shown from the analysis is the does-response relationship between the CO concentration that rats were exposed to and the CO-Hb concentration in rat blood.

Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme could Greatly Contribute to Insulin Down-regulation Induced by Short-Term Swimming Exercise

Min Sun Kim,Jun Seo Goo,Ji Eun Kim,So Hee Nam,Sun Il Choi,Hye Ryun Lee,In Sik Hwang,Sun Bo Shim,Seung Wan Jee,Su Hae Lee,Chang Joon Bae,Jung Sik Cho,Jun Yong Cho,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.1

Exercise training is highly correlated with the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although it enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and glucose transporter expression to reduce severity of diabetic symptoms. This study investigated the impact of short-term swimming exercise on insulin regulation in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a non-obese model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Wistar (W/S) and GK rats were trained 2 hours daily with the swimming exercise for 4 weeks, and then the changes in the metabolism of insulin and glucose were assessed. Body weight was markedly decreased in the exercised GK rats compare to their non-exercised counterpart, while W/S rats did not show any exercise-related changes. Glucose concentration was not changed by exercise, although impaired glucose tolerance was improved in GK rats 120 min after glucose injection. However, insulin concentration was decreased by swimming exercise as in the decrease of GSIS after running exercise. To identify the other cause for exercise-induced insulin down-regulation, the changes in the levels of key factors involved in insulin production (C-peptide) and clearance (insulin-degrading enzyme; IDE) were measured in W/S and GK rats. The C-peptide level was maintained while IDE expression increased markedly. Therefore, these results showed that insulin down-regulation induced by short-term swimming exercise likely attributes to enhanced insulin clearance via IDE over-expression than by altered insulin production.

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.

급성 췌장염의 합병이 추정되는 한국형 출혈열 1예

박영수,김창오,김영근,홍성관,장경희,허애정,염준섭,송영구,김준명 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5

The Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) is an acute febrile disease with characteristic of fever, bleeding tendency, and renal failure. There are many complications of Korean hemorrhagic fever such as infection, anemia, internal bleeding, hypopituitarism, respiratory, and neurologic complication. A few cases were reported on acute pancreatitis with hemorrhagic fever abroad, but there was no case about Korean hemorrhagic fever with acute pancreatitis in this country. We experienced a case of Korean hemorrhagic fever associated with suspected acute pancreatits. With review of articles, we report a case of 51 year-old woman with KHF, where acute pancreatitis developed during management, (Korean J Infect Dis 33:376∼379, 2001)

Systemic Sclerosis Sine Scleroderma

김채기 ( Chae Gi Kim ),류헌모 ( Hun Mo Rhoo ),권중구 ( Joong Goo Kwon ),이창형 ( Chang Hyeong Lee ),송용호 ( Yong Ho Song ),최정윤 ( Jung Yoon Choe ) 대한류마티스학회 2000 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology. Clinically, there is a broad spectrum of disease ranging from widespread severe skin thickening to skin thickening limited to the distal extremities. In rare cases of systemic sclerosis, no cutaneous change only with internal organ involvement has been reported, which is called `systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma (ssSSc)`. We describe a patient with Raynaud`s phenomenon, who showed intestinal pseudoobstruction as a presenting symptom but did not show any skin change. She had also an esophageal motility disorder, but other organ involvement was not evident. Antinuclear antibody was positive. Her obstruction symptoms were improved by decompression by nasogastric tube and pharmaceutical treatment with erythromycin and octreotide.

Bone Marrow T Cells are Superior to Splenic T Cells to Induce Chimeric Conversion After Non-Myeloablative Bone Marrow Transplantation

( Hyun Sil Park ),( Seok Goo Cho ),( Min Jung Park ),( So Youn Min ),( Hong Seok Chang ),( Hee Je Kim ),( Seok Lee ),( Chang Ki Min ),( Jong Wook Lee ),( Woo Sung Min ),( Chun Choo Kim ),( Ho Youn Kim 대한내과학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.24 No.3

Background/Aims: The bone marrow functions not only as the primary B-lymphocyte-producing organ but also as a secondary lymphoid organ for CD4 and CD8 cell responses and a site of preferential homing and persistence for memory T cells. Bone marrow T (BM-T) cells are distinguished from peripheral blood T cells by surface phenotype, cytokine secretion profile, and immune functions. In this study, we evaluated the alloreactive potential of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) using BM-T cells in mixed chimerism compared to that using spleen T (SP-T) cells. Methods: Cells were prepared using established procedures. BM-T cells were obtained as a by-product of T-cell depletion in BM grafting and then cryopreserved for subsequent DLI. We performed DLI using BM-T cells in allogeneic mixed chimera mice on post-BMT day 21. Results: When the same dose of T cells, 5-10×105 (Thy1.2+), fractionated from BM and spleen were administered into mixed chimeras, the BM-T group showed complete chimeric conversion, with self-limited graftversus-host disease (GVHD) and no pathological changes. However, the SP-T group showed persistent mixed chimerism, with pathological signs of GVHD in the liver and intestine. Conclusions: Our results suggest that DLI using BM-T cells, even in small numbers, is more potent at inducing chimeric conversion in mixed chimerism than DLI using SP-T cells. Further study is needed to determine whether cryopreserved BM-T cells are an effective cell source for DLI to consolidate donor-dominant chimerism in clinical practice without concerns about GVHD. (Korean J Intern Med 2009;24:252-262)