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간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구
서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1
As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions
Cho, Yong Jae,Kim, Han Sung,Im, Hyungsoon,Myung, Yoon,Jung, Gyeong Bok,Lee, Chi Woo,Park, Jeunghee,Park, Mi-Hee,Cho, Jaephil,Kang, Hong Seok American Chemical Society 2011 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol. No.
<P>Nitrogen (N)-doped graphitic layers were deposited as shells on pregrown silicon nanowires by chemical vapor deposition. Graphite-like and pyridine-like structures were selectively chosen for 3 and 10% N doping, respectively. Increasing the thickness of the undoped graphitic layers from 20 to 50 nm led to an increase in the charge capacity of the lithium ion battery from 800 to 1040 mA h/g after 45 cycles. Graphite-like 3% N-doping in the 50 nm-thick shell increases the charge capacity by 21% (i.e., to 1260 mA h/g), while pyridine-like 10% N-doping in the 20 nm-thick shell increases it by 36% (i.e., to 1090 mA h/g). This suggests that both pyridine- and graphite-like structures can be effective for lithium intercalation. First principles calculations of the graphene sheets show that the large storage capacity of both N-doping structures comes from the formation of dangling bonds around the pyridine-like local motives upon lithium intercalation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-19/jp201485j/production/images/medium/jp-2011-01485j_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp201485j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
양측 폐농양을 동반한 Boerhaave Syndrome 1예
조재환,박태욱,조세현,나종순,박두호,차상복,송소향,최규용,박성규,임국희 대한소화기내시경학회 1998 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.18 No.6
Spontaneous esophageal perforation (Boerhaave Syndrome) is an unusual condition that frequently leads to fatal complications. It typically occurs with rigorous emesis after an unduly large meal or heavy drinking. Its diagnosis is often delayed in almost all cases due to nonspecific symptoms and signs, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important. Recently we experienced a case of esophagogastric junctional perforation accompanied by bilateral empyema and mediastinitis after heavy alcohol drinking in a 56-year-old male patient. He was presented with hematemesis and abdominal pain. We diagnosed him using esophagography and chest CT. Thus, we report a case with a brief review of related literatures.
임태빈(Im, Tae-Bin),김강욱(Kim, Kan-Wook),조정삼(Cho, Jung-Sam),강태인(Kang, Tae-In),이노복(Lee, No-Bok) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.11
대표적인 지향성 안테나인 야기 안테나를 무인 경계 레이더 센서에 적용 가능하도록 설계, 제작하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 안테나가 무인 경계 레이더 센서에 적용되기 위해서는 7.2-8.2GHz의 동작주파수, 7dBi 이상의 최대 방사 이득과 60° 이상의 3dB 빔폭을 만족하여야한다. 7dBi 이상의 최대 방사 이득과 60° 이상의 빔폭을 얻기 위해 3 개의 디렉터를 가진 야기 안테나를 유전체 기판 위에 설계하였다. 또한 드라이브 단의 밸런스드 급전을 위하여 Microstrip-to-CPS 발룬을 설계하여 제안된 안테나에 적용하였다. 제안된 안테나의 가상 실험 결과와 측정 결과를 비교하여 제안된 안테나의 성능을 검증하였다. A Yagi antenna, which is a typical directional antenna, has been designed and fabricated as a surveillance sensor. The proposed Yagi antenna satisfies the requirements as a surveillance sensor; impedance bandwidth of 7.2-8.2GHz, maximum gain of 7dBi, and 3dB beamwidth of 60〫 in the azimuthal plane. The proposed Yagi antenna is designed with 3 directors and one driven element on a dielectric substrate. Also, a microstrip-to-CPS balun is designed and applied to the proposed antenna for balanced feeding of the dirven element. The performance of the proposed antenna has been verified by comparing the simulation and measurement results.
Fabrication of SOI p-MOSFET with a 35-nm Gate Length by Using PBF-SPD Process
Won-ju Cho,Chang-geun Ahn,In-bok Baek,Jihoon Oh,Jong-heon Yang,Kiju Im,이성재 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.3
We developed a novel shallow junction formation technique for SOI p-MOSFET application. A poly boron lm (PBF) was used as the diusion source for a solid phase diusion (SPD) process. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was utilized to diuse the boron from the PBF source. With the advantages of the SPD technique, an extremely shallow p+-n junction less than 10 nm in depth was formed and the p+-n-n+ diodes showed excellent junction properties. Based on optimized device fabrication processes, SOI p-MOSFETs with a gate length of 35 nm were successfully fabricated and revealed good electrical characteristics and superior device scalability.
Seo, Yong Bok,Im, Se Jin,Namkoong, Hong,Kim, Sae Won,Choi, Young Woo,Kang, Moon Cheol,Lim, Hye Seong,Jin, Hyun Tak,Yang, Se Hwan,Cho, Mi La,Kim, You-Me,Lee, Seung-Woo,Choi, Young Ki,Surh, Charles D.,S American Society for Microbiology 2014 Journal of virology Vol.88 No.16
<P>T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are specialized providers of cognate B cell help, which is important in promoting the induction of high-affinity antibody production in germinal centers (GCs). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-21 have been known to play important roles in Tfh cell differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that IL-7 plays a pivotal role in Tfh generation and GC formation <I>in vivo</I>, as treatment with anti-IL-7 neutralizing antibody markedly impaired the development of Tfh cells and IgG responses. Moreover, codelivery of mouse Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-mFc) with a vaccine enhanced the generation of GC B cells as well as Tfh cells but not other lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Interestingly, a 6-fold-lower dose of an influenza virus vaccine codelivered with Fc-fused IL-7 induced higher antigen-specific and cross-reactive IgG titers than the vaccine alone in both mice and monkeys and led to markedly enhanced protection against heterologous influenza virus challenge in mice. Enhanced generation of Tfh cells by IL-7-mFc treatment was not significantly affected by the neutralization of IL-6 and IL-21, indicating an independent role of IL-7 on Tfh differentiation. Thus, IL-7 holds promise as a critical cytokine for selectively inducing Tfh cell generation and enhancing protective IgG responses.</P><P><B>IMPORTANCE</B> Here, we demonstrate for the first time that codelivery of Fc-fused IL-7 significantly increased influenza virus vaccine-induced antibody responses, accompanied by robust expansion of Tfh cells and GC B cells as well as enhanced GC formation. Furthermore, IL-7-mFc induced earlier and cross-reactive IgG responses, leading to striking protection against heterologous influenza virus challenge. These results suggest that Fc-fused IL-7 could be used for inducing strong and cross-protective humoral immunity against highly mutable viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, as well as influenza viruses.</P>