Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

A New Sesame Variety, “Kangbaek” with Disease Resistance, Lodging Tolerence and High Yield

Kang-Bo Shim,Churl-Whan Kang,Suk-Bok Pae,Si-Kyu Lim,Yu-Young Lee,Duck-Yong Suh,Jae-Whan Rho,Jin Song,Dong-Whi Kim,Ho-Young Kim 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회지 Vol.37 No.5

A new sesame variety Kangbaek was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2004. Cros wasmade by lodging resistant SP9003-3 line to the F1with high yielding capacity, folowed by pedigree selection, yield test and RYT by the sesame breeding team at the National Insti-tute of Crop Science up to 2003. The variety showed higher disease resistance, especially phytophothra disease, and lodging resis-respectively. It's 1000 grains weight was about 2.54 g indicating 0.03 g heavier than that of Yangbaekkae, and it's oil content wasabout 52%. Kangbaek also contained total 7.65mg/g of such lignans as sesamin and sesamolin. The average yield of Kang-baek was 82 kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

폐 활성 슬러지의 납 흡착에 따른 기초 요소의 영향

강미영,서정호,이창한,이송우,나영수,송승구 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-

본 연구에서는 하수 처리장에서 발생되는 상당량의 폐 슬러지를 전처리 없이 중금속 제거에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 폐 슬러지를 이용하여 중금속을 제거하는 것이다. 온도와 pH, 초기 농도의 영향과 보관 시간에 따른 납 흡착량의 영항을 흡착등온 모델과 흡착속도 모델에 적용시켜 활성슬러지의 납 흡착 특성을 고찰하였다. 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 니켈 중 슬러지는 납을 가장 많이 제거하였고, pH 4.5~5.5에서 최대의 흡착량을 나타냈으며, 온도가 증가할수록 흡착량은 증가하였고, Langmuir model에 잘 적용되었으며, 초기 최대 흡착속도도 Michaelis-Menten 형태 식으로부터 구하였다. In sewage treatment plant, waste sludge was one of bothering thing to be treated. The objective of this study was to examine the removal of heavy metal by waste sludge. The effect of factors such as temperature, pH, storage time, initial concentration of lead, and initial amount of biomass on adsorption of lead was investigated. And the biosorption model, adsorption isotherm, and initial adsorption rate model were evaluated. Waste sludge was proved to have an excellent ability to remove lead than other heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, nickel in pure and mixed solution. The optimum pH of biosorption with waste sludge was 4.5~5.5, and the amount of adsorption was increased with increasing temperature. The adsorption isotherm of lead to waste sludge followed to Langmuir model. The initial adsorption rate of lead to waste sludge followed to Michaelis-Menten type kinetic.

외란을 받는 자기베어링 주축계의 강건제어

강호식,송오섭 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Magnetic bearing has been adopted to support a rotor by electromagnetic force without mechanical contact and lubrication process. The recent growth of magnetic bearing applications in many industrial fields requires more accurate design of bearing-rotor system. Due to external forces and uncertainties of magnetic baring system, the actual performance and stability may be worse than it is designed. This paper describes the governing equations of rotor magnetic bearing systems and/or the designing of robust controller via standard H-(∞), control problem. The system stability and response characteristics are studied by simulations and veri6ed with experimental results.

Effects of 17β-estradiol on colorectal cancer development after azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium treatment of ovariectomized mice

Song, Chin-Hee,Kim, Nayoung,Lee, Sun Min,Nam, Ryoung Hee,Choi, Soo In,Kang, So Ra,Shin, Eun,Lee, Dong Ho,Lee, Ha-Na,Surh, Young-Joon Elsevier 2019 Biochemical pharmacology Vol.164 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Estrogen is known to have a protective effect in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previously, we reported the anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated male mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ovariectomy in a female AOM/DSS mouse model increases colorectal tumorigenesis and whether tumorigenesis is reduced by estrogen supplementation after ovariectomy. Clinical symptoms and histological severity of colitis and the levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated in the colon of AOM/DSS-treated ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The levels of E2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and NF-κB-dependent cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. Ovariectomy did not aggravate AOM/DSS-induced colitis at 2 weeks. At weeks 10 and 16, ovariectomy significantly increased tumor number and incidence rate in only the proximal colon after AOM/DSS treatment (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS), and these increases were significantly reduced by E2 supplementation (OVX_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS/E2). However, ovariectomy did not affect CRC development in the distal colon (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS). At week 2, E2 administration to AOM/DSS-treated OVX mice attenuated the histological severity of colitis by decreasing the protein and/or mRNA levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and NF-κB-related mediators (i.e., COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) and by enhancing estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression and the mRNA expression of related antioxidant enzyme genes (i.e., HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1). Endogenous estrogen in females protects against the development of proximal colon cancer, and exogenous E2 replacement in OVX female mice showed protective effects against AOM/DSS-induced colitis and carcinogenesis. The mechanism could involve modulating ERs-, NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated pathways.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

인천교육대학교 과학ㆍ수학 영재 캠프의 운영에 관한 기초 연구

송상헌,정동권,강호감,여상인,노석구 인천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

경기도와 인천시의 초등교사 양성을 책임지고 있는 인천교육대학교의 입장에서는 경기·인천지역의 초등 과학과 수학분야의 영재교육 프로그램을 경험하려는 학생들에게 기대와 요구를 충족시켜 줄 책임과 의무가 있다. 이에 인천교육대학교에서는 과학교육연구소가 중심이 되어 영재교육연구원이나 영재교육원을 설치하기 위한 장기적인 목표 하에 과학·수학 영재교육을 실시할 수 있는 실제적인 방안을 모색할 필요성에 따라, 우선 실험적으로 캠프 형식의 운영을 실험해 보았다. 본 연구는 이러한 구체적인 현장 사례연구를 바탕으로 인천교육대학교에서 주관하는 영재교육추진 기본 계획 수립을 위한 초등 과학·수학분야 영재교육 프로그램의 운영 모델과 그것의 실천에 필요한 장기적인 전망을 제안한다. 캠프에서 운영할 수 있는 프로그램의 성격은 심화형의 다 주제 탐구형으로 진행하면서 다양한 교과나 체험을 위주로 한 내용과 형식을 갖출 것을 권장한다. 영재캠프에 참가할 수 있는 자격 조건과 선발 기준은 운영하고자 하는 프로그램의 내용과 성격에 가장 부합하도록 특성화되어야 하고, 캠프에 참가한 학생들에 대한 지속적인 사후 관리가 필요하다. 지속적인 교육과 운영을 위해서는 장기적인 연구 계획 및 예산 수립이 필요하며, 각 교과의 전문가들과 보다 장기적인 공동연구를 수행해야만 한다. 그러면서 영재교육연구원이나 영재교육원의 운영을 목표로 영재교사 양성을 위한 직무연수 프로그램이나 부설 사회교육원의 프로그램을 통해 학부모 교실을 운영할 수 있음도 제안한다. This is a basic study on the science and math camp program for the gifted and talented children in science and mathematics. We organized and managed empirical camp twice for 2 years. From those experiences, we proposed a sample model to manage good camp and a long term vision. This is the result of the basic study on the management of the science and mathematics camp program in Inchon National University of Education.

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

혈액투석중인 만성신부전 환자에서 골대사 지표로써의 Osteocalcin치

송치운,이진홍,안미애,윤환중,윤상임,성기양,이강현,송민호,이강욱,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

Background : Serum osteocalcin is synthesized by osteoblast and has been shown to be sensitive indicator of bone turnover inpatients with various metabolic bone disease. In renal osteodystrophy, serum osteocalcin is elevated due to decreased renal clearance and elevated level of PTH. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness of serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism and the correlation with other biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Methods : We measured serum osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, ALP(alkaline phosphatase) and PTH(parathyroid hormone) in 37 patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Osteocalcin was determined by radioimmunoassay and PTH was determined by radioimmunometric assay. Results : 1) The mean level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients was 233.8± 218.2ng/ml which was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.0001). 2) The mean level of serum PTH in ESRD patients was 40.5± 43.8pg/ml was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.005). 3) There was a significant positive correlation between the level of serum PTH, ALP and the level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients. 4) By using multiple regression, PTH is most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalcin ( beta coefficient = 0.687, Sig T<0.05). Conclusion : Serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism in ESRD patients is more useful than other biochemical marker such as serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and PTH is a most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalin.

개선된 다출력 동적 CMOS 설계 방식을 이용한 고성능 32 비트 CLA가산기 설계 및 구현

송근호,방만식,서정훈,한석붕,이효상,김강철 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In this paper, we designed, implemented and evaluated 32-bit CLA adder with the ENMODL(enhanced NORA Multiple Output Domino Logic) logic style which is new dynamic CMOS logic. The circuit is implemented using 0.8㎛ CMOS double-metal process technology. It operates stably and the addition time is less 3.9 ns. The ENMODL logic style can improve the performance in the high-speed computing circuits depending on the degree of recurrence.

복어중독에 의한 가사 상태에서 소생한 1예

송승찬,신진호,강석우,박경남,최호순,박근태,문희식,기춘석,이성희,윤병철,노우균,조균석,이민호 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin produced by about 90 species of puffer fish and causes paralysis of central nervous system and peripheral nerves by blocking the movement of all monovalent cation. Ingestion of tetrodotoxin produces clinical manifestations such as paresthesias(within 10-45 min), vomiting, lightheadedness, salivation, muscle twitching, dysphagia, difficulty in speaking, convulsion and death that expressed by cardiopulmonary arrest with loss of brain stem reflex sometimes. Tetrodotoxin prevents or delays ischemia induced neuronal death by way of following 3 mechanisms. Firstly, it reduces the energy demand of the brain tissues. Secondly, it delays or even prevents anoxic depolarization. Finally, it deminishes ischemia induced cell swelling and cerebral edema. We report a case of puffer fish poisoning which presented with cardiopulmonary arrest and loss of brain stem reflex, but completely recovered by aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation.