계층적 탐색기법을 이용한 이동물체 추적

방만식,김태식,김영일 한국정보통신학회 2003 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.7 No.3

본 논문에서는 계층적 탐색기법을 이용한 동적 배경에서의 이동물체 추적 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 초기모델 생성단계와 이동물체 추적 단계로 구성되었으며, 이전프레임에 비해 이동 거리가 큰 경우에도 안정적으로 추적할 수 있었다. 그리고, 카메라의 흔들림과 추적물체의 3차원 운동으로 인한 형태 변화에도 전체 프레임에서 효과적으로 추적을 할 수 있었고, 이동물체의 정확한 위치를 검출하여 추적시간을 단축할 수 있었다. 정합모델과 윤곽선 영상에 사이에 이동물체의 유사도 판정은 Partial Hausdorff 거리를 이용하여 평가하였다. 제안한 알고리즘의 타당성 검토를 위해 도로에서 주행하는 차량을 대상으로 이동물체 검출 및 추적 실험을 한 결과 정합횟수는 평균 28.21회이고, 프레임 당 정합시간은 평균 53.21 ms로 제안한 알고리즘의 우수성을 입증하였다. 추적위치와 실체위치를 비교하여 그 평균 자승오차를 계산한 결과 E=1.148임을 알 수 있었다. 차량의 크기, 색상 및 형태가 다른 경우 도로의 색과 차이가 있는 차량들은 98.66%의 추적 성능을 나타냈으며, 검정색 또는 적색 등과 같은 차량은 흑백 영상에서 도로의 색과 유사하여 배경의 영향을 많이 받으므로 95.33%이었고, 전체 평균은 97%로 우수한 추적 성능을 나타내었다. This paper proposes a moving object tracking algorithm by using hierarchical search method in dynamic scenes. Proposed algorithm is based on two main steps: generation step of initial model from different pictures, and tracking step of moving object under the time-yawing scenes. With a series of this procedure, tracking process is not only stable under far distance circumstance with respect to the previous frame but also reliable under shape variation from the 3-dimensional(3D) motion and camera sway, and consequently, by correcting position of moving object, tracking time is relatively reduced. Partial Hausdorff distance is also utilized as an estimation function to determine the similarity between model and moving object. In order to testify the performance of proposed method, the extraction and tracking performance have tested using some kinds of moving car in dynamic scenes. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm provides higher performance. Namely, matching order is 28.21 times on average, and considering the processing time per frame, it is 53.21ms/frame. Computation result between the tracking position and that of currently real with respect to the root-mean-square(rms) is 1.148. In the occasion of different vehicle in terms of size, color and shape, tracking performance is 98.66%. In such case as background-dependence due to the analogy to road is 95.33%, and total average is 97%.

전력설비의 열화 진단을 위한 연면방전 모델에서의 코로나 방전 특성 분석

방만식,최재형,김우진,김영석,김상현,Pang, Man-Sik,Choi, Jae-Hyeong,Kim, Woo-Jin,Kim, Young-Seok,Kim, Sang-Hyun 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.4

Recently, ultrasound, infrared detector, V-I characteristic, gas analysis, UV (ultra-violet rays) camera etc. is used as inspections and diagnoses of the safety of power equipment. Especially, UV camera have attracted a great deal of interest from the view point of easy judgement. UV camera is used corona discharge. One of the most important and difficult problems to be solved filer design, materials and corona discharge. This paper is studied on the temperature characteristics, UV generation and shape analysis and corona pulse count according to the electrode distance and applied voltage. Also, Corona discharge characteristics in air are analyzed using prototype UV camera of Korea. UV generation due to surface discharge of AC is higher than that of DC.

기중 부싱모델의 오염물질에 따른 방전 특성과 자외선 이미지

방만식,최재형,김우진,김영석,김상현,Pang, Man-Sik,Choi, Jae-Hyeong,Kim, Woo-Jin,Kim, Young-Seok,Kim, Sang-Hyun 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.12

A bushing is very important because it must supply the high voltage to the power equipment. Generally, the surface of bushing is contaminated with rain, dust, salt and others. A bushing with contaminations at air are serious problem in insulation. Therefore, it is important to understand the inspection and diagnoses of the safety. The ultra-violet rays(UV) camera has attracted interest from the view point of easy judgement. In this paper, we will report on the corona discharge characteristics on bushing model with contaminations. Also, UV images of discharge in air are analyzed using prototype UV camera of Korea. These results are studied at both AC and DC voltage under a non-uniform field.

자외선 카메라 개발을 위한 직류 연면방전 특성

방만식(Man-Sik Pang),최재형(Jae-Hyeong Choi),김우진(Woo-Jin Kim),김영석(Young-Seok Kim),김상현(Sang-Hyun Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2011 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.25 No.5

Recently, UV(ultra-violet rays) camera has attracted a great deal of interest from the view point of easy judgement in inspections and diagnoses of the safety of power equipment. Especilly, UV camera is applied the inspection of UV with corona discharge. One of the most important and difficult problems is the basic research of filter design, materials and corona discharge. In this paper, we will report on the UV generation, corona pulse count and the polarity effect of positive and negative DC surface discharge in air. Also, corona discharge characteristics are analyzed using prototype UV camera of Korea. UV generation and corona pulse count due to surface discharge in positive needle is higher than that of negative needle.

한국어 음성 신호에서의 음소의 유사도 측정

방만식,장두봉,김영일 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Since the Korean speech can be phonetically classified according to the characteristic and structure of its pronunciation. Korean syllables are divided into the phonemes such as consonants, vowels, and end consonants. So, both the processing time and the signal data can be reduced by analyzing the phonemes instead of the isolated speeches. In this paper, we use the linear prediction coefficient and cepstrum coefficient at the parameter, and use ltakura-Saito distance measure as the similarity measure. First, in order to obtain the similarity in phonemes of an isolated speech, we study the acoustic similarity between the frame and its adjacent frame serially, and show, that the similarity is found in the interval of the similar phoneme and the dissimilarity is found in the interval of transition of the phoneme. In addition, after taking the single frame inside an isolated speech, we compare the parameter of the frame with the different isolated speech serially for the search of the same phoneme in the isolated speech. It turns out that the same phonemes have similar acoustic characteristics. Finally we obtain the similarity measure of each phoneme by comparing the same phonemes of two different isolated speeches. Furthermore, we also compare with phoneme with different phonemes. As a result, we obtain that the similarity is found between the same phonemes even though the phonemes are in the different isolated speeches.

교류 및 직류에서의 자외선 특성

방만식(Man-Sik Pang),최재형(Jae-Hyeong Choi),김우진(Woo-Jin Kim),김상현(Sang-Hyun Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2011 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5월

Recently, UV camera have attracted a great deal of interest from the view point of easy judgement. UV camera is used corona discharge. One of the most important and difficult problems to be solved filer design, materials and corona discharge. This paper is studied on the UV generation and shape analysis and corona pulse count according to the electrode distance and applied voltage. Also, Corona discharge characteristics in air are analyzed using prototype UV camera of Korea. UV generation due to surface discharge of AC is higher than that of DC.

오염물질에 따른 변압기부싱 모델의 기중 코로나 방전 특성

방만식(Man-Sik Pang),김우진(Woo-Jin Kim),김영석(Young-Seok Kim),김상현(Sang-Hyun Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2012 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.26 No.5

The surface of bushing is contaminated with rain, dust, salt and others. A bushing with contaminations in air is serious problem in insulation. Therefore, it is important to understand the inspection and diagnoses of the safety. The ultra-violet rays(UV) camera has attracted interest from the view point of easy judgement. In this paper, we will report on the corona discharge characteristics of surface flashover model with contaminations in air. Also, UV images of discharge and corona pulse count in air are analyzed using prototype UV camera of Korea and a UV sensor with an optic lens. These results are studied at both AC and DC voltage under a non-uniform field.

개선된 다출력 동적 CMOS 설계 방식을 이용한 고성능 32 비트 CLA가산기 설계 및 구현

송근호,방만식,서정훈,한석붕,이효상,김강철 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In this paper, we designed, implemented and evaluated 32-bit CLA adder with the ENMODL(enhanced NORA Multiple Output Domino Logic) logic style which is new dynamic CMOS logic. The circuit is implemented using 0.8㎛ CMOS double-metal process technology. It operates stably and the addition time is less 3.9 ns. The ENMODL logic style can improve the performance in the high-speed computing circuits depending on the degree of recurrence.

칼슘첨가 Pr-ZnO 바리스터의 전기적 특성

이상기,방만식 진주여자전문대학 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

ZnO varistors containing 5.0 at% Co_(3)O_(4). 0.7at% Pr_(6)O_(11) and CaCO_(3) ranging from 0 to 1.0 at%, were sintered at 1200℃ 1250℃ and 1300℃. The densities are 93-98% relative densities of pure ZnO. The liquid phase mainly consisting of praseodymium oxide was observed at the grain boundaries for the specimens sintered at 1250℃ and 1300℃, but second phase isn't found at grain boundaries for those sintered at 1200℃. The reported data for the liquid phase formation temperature of ZnO-Co_(3)O_(4)-Pr_(6)O_(11) ternary composition is higher than 1280℃. Therefore it is concluded that the addition of Ca decreases the liquid phase formation temperature and pronounced increase of grain size for the specimens sintered at 1250℃ and 1300℃ is resulted from liquid phase sintering. The increase of grain size with sintering temperature result in low breakdown field and high leakage current for the specimens sintered at higher temperature. For the samples sitered at 1200℃ and 1250℃ the nonlinear coefficient, the breakdown voltage per grain boundary and the leakage current changed significantly above 0.8at% Ca. However, those measured for the specimens sintered at 13009: did not show the same trend except the leakage current. The different effect of C a content for the specimens sintered at 1200℃ and 1250℃ and for those fired at 1300℃ is attributable to the liquid phase formed along the grain boundaries. The liquid phase completely surrounds the grains for the specimens sintered at 1300℃, which possibly makes any change in grain boundary property due to excess amount of Ca insignificant. The carrier density and potential barrier heights were obtained using capacitance-voltage plot. For the specimens sintered at 1200℃ and 1250℃ the carrier density increased with Ca content up to 0.6at%. Again the decrease of the carrier density for the samples with excessive Ca content, 0.8at% and 1.0at%, was observed. The barrier heights estimated for the specimens did not show specific relation with Ca content nor sintering temperature.

내부 전류 테스팅을 위한 내장형 전류감지기의 설계 및 구현

송근호,방만식,이효상,서정훈,김강철,한석붕 慶尙大學校 工科大學 自動化및컴퓨터應用技術硏究所 1997 自動化 및 컴퓨터應用技術 Vol.4 No.1

This paper proposes a new BIC(Built-in Current sensor) for the internal current test in CMOS logic circuits. Our BIC is composed of current sensor, level shifter, comparator, and reference voltage circuit. The current sensor parallel connected with one diode and one nMOS device can convert the current of CUT(Circuit Under Test) to voltage. A single phase clock is employed in the BIC reduce the control circuitry of it and to perform a self-testing for a faulty current. The proposed BIC is verified by using the HSPICE simulator and fabricated in 0.8 ㎛ twin-tub process. The CUT is 4 bit full adder with bridging faults. The realized BIC successfully detects all bridging faults in CUT.