의사소통능력 신장의 관점에서 본 초등학교 3학년 영어 교과서 삽화 분석

윤희백,하경옥,손순익 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 1999 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze the illustrations of Elementary English textbooks for the third grade students focusing on helping students improver communicative competence. Sixteen sorts of Elementary English textbooks, teacher's guides and visual aids were analyzed. The illustrations were found to be good to some degree, but not good enough to improve student's communicative competence. Many of them had some problems. These findings are presented in order to contribute to the development of the illustrations of English course materials which will be made in the future.

변연성 발육성 치아종 : A Case of Peripheral Developing Odontoma

윤정훈,임경수,손홍범 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2003 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.27 No.1

A peripheral odontoma is a relatively rare lesion and is thought to represent the soft tissue counterpart of the central or intraosseous odontoma. Although several odontogenic tumors can occur peripherally, only a few cases of peripheral odontomas involving the gingival tissues have been reported. No earlier stage of peripheral odontoma or peripheral developing odontoma has been described. Here, we report a case of a peripheral developing odontoma occurring in the gingiva of a 4-rear-old Korean boy. Microscopic sections showed several nodules of developing rudimentary tooth germ-like structures in the gingival tissue. It seems likely that this case arise from remnants of the dental lamina located in the gingiva, since the clinical and histologic presentation lends support to the peripheral origin of this tumor.

유방 침윤성 관암종의 CD44 발현도와 예후 인자들과의 관계

김정완,곽정식,손윤경,이승철,정운복 경북대학교 병원 1998 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.1

CD44 is a family of transmembrane glycoproteins involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Expression of CD44 isoforms (splice variants) has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. We evaluated the expression patterns of the CD44 isoform (CD 44 splice variant v6) in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast by immunohistochemical and RT-PCR method. Paraffin embedded blocks from seventy-five cases of mastectomized samples were analyzed immunohistochemically using monoclonoal antibody against CD44v6. CD44v6 was detected in fifty-seven cases(76%) of the tumor samples. Adjacent normal myoepithelial cells and ductal epithelial cells revealed focal positive reaction to CD44v6. Thirty-two cases (80.0%) withe lymph nodal metastasis revealed overexpression of CD44v6 monoclonal antibody, but twenty-five cases (71.4%) without nodal metastasis also showed positive reaction to CD44v6 monclonal antibody, and there is no statisticallly significant value. Other prognostic factors of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, such as tumor size, histologic grade and hormonal receptors did not show any significant correlation with CD44v6 expression. The RT-PCR studies for 9 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma showed the same band patterns both in the normal and tumor tissues. From the above results, it is concluded that the expression of CD44v6 is not a valuable prognostic marker of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast.(Korean J Pathol 1997;31: 635~643)

화상에 의한 간상해에 Anti-prostaglandin이 미치는 영향

김용송,임정교,손윤경,서인수,손태중 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.1

저자는 anti-prostaglandin의 화상독에 의한 간상해에 미치는 영향에 관하여 알아보고자 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐 수컷의 체표 30%에 3도 화상을 일으키고 생리식염수와 anti-prostaglandin제제인 flurbiprofen을 투여한 후 각각 5일과 10일 후 도살하여 간의 변화를 관찰하였으며 성적은 다음과 같다. 생리식염수를 투여한 실험군에서는 화상 5일 후 간세포에 mitochondria의 상해와 ER의 확장이 있었고 유동내에는 호중구 등 염증세포의 침윤이 있었다. 화상 10일 후에는 상기한 mitochondria의 상해가 거의 수복되고 ER의 확장도 감소되었으며 유동내의 염증세포도 거의 보이지 않았다. flurbiprofen을 투여한 실험군에서는 화상 5일후 mitochondria의 상해와 ER의 확장이 관찰되었으며 이는 화상 10일 후 까지 지속되었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 중증화상후에 간은 화상독에 의하여 간세포 mitochondria의 상해를 주로하는 손상을 받게되나 이는 시간이 지나면 수복 가능한 가역적인 상해라 보아진다. 또한 anti-prostaglandin제제는 화상독에 의한 간세포상해에 거의 영향을 미치지 못할 것으로 생각된다. An ultrastructural study was carried out to investigate the effects of burn toxin to liver. Thermal burns wee tried on the skin of Sprague-Dawley rats with severity of 30% and 3rd degree. Flurbiprofen (a kind of anti-prostaglandin) and normal saline was administered every day after burn. The animals were sacrificed at 5 days and 10 days after burns and the livers were extracted for electron microscopic observation. The liver cells of saline intake groups at 5 days after burns were characterized by generalized mitochondrial injury, such as swelling, loss of cristae and membrase destruction. Dilatation of ER and lysosomal increase are also noted. The sinusoid revealed neutrophilic infiltration. At 10 days after burns the liver cells demonstrated nearly normal structure without mitochondrial injury. Mild dilatation of ER was seen. The flurbiprofen intake groups revealed that mitochondrial swelling, loss of critae and destruction of mitochondrial membrane with dilatation of ER and lysosomal increase at 5 days after burns. These features were continued to 10 days after burns. According to these results, it would be concluded that the effects of burn toxin to liver is characterized by mitochondrial injury and it is reversible change. And the anti-prostaglandin drugs may not be effective to inhibit the progressive injury induced by burn toxin.

Heparin이 망내계세포에 미치는 영향에 관한 초미형태학적 연구

이동철,김중길,임정교,손윤경,서인수,손태중 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.3

저자들은 heparin 투여후 세망내피계의 초미형태학적 변화를 관찰하기 위해 Sprague-Dawley계 숫쥐에 heparin과 endotoxin을 투여한 후 비장을 채취하여 실험에 이용하였다. 실험군은 heparin 전처치군과 heparin 후처치군으로 나누었으며 비교군으로 heparin 단독투여군과 endotoxin 단독투여군을 설정하여 각각을 투약후 비장을 채취하여 광학현미경 및 전자현미경적 검색을 실시하였다. 실험결과를 요약하면 heparin 단독투여군은 대식세포, 형질세포양 림프아구 및 다핵백혈구가 증가되었고, 대식세포의 탐식능도 항진되었다. 그러나 대식세포자체의 소기관 발달은 현저하지 않았다. Endotoxin 단독투여군은 시간이 갈수록 대식세포의 탐식능이 저하되고, 파괴가 증가되어 수가 감소하였다. 미소혈전이 자주 관찰되었으며 기타세포들의 파괴가 관찰되었다. Heparin 전처치 및 후처치군은 공히 endotoxin군에 비해 대식세포 탐식능이 증가되었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 heparin의 망내세포에 대한 영향은 주로 대식세포의 탐식능과 수의 증가로 생각되며 이는 정상 및 병적상태 모두에서 일어난다고 생각된다. 또한 ET 투여 전후 heparin을 투여한 실험군에서 공히 대식세포 탐식능이 증가되었으므로 이는 ET shock 후 조직손상으로 분비되는 세망내피계 저하물질에 대해 heparin이 길항작용을 할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 heparin의 대식세포 탐식능항진에 대한 효과는 세포의 직접적인 자극이라기 보다는 탐식과정중 특히 oposonization에 효과를 미칠 것으로 생각된다. The authors studied an ultrastructural changes of reticuloendothelial system after administration of heparin. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined after administration of heparin and endotoxin. The experimental groups were divided into heparin pretreated groups and heparin posttreated groups. The control groups were divided into heparin-only groups and endotoxin-only groups. Each animals were sacrificed and spleens were extirpated and examined by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Heparin-only groups showed proliferation of macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. The phagocytic activity of marcophage is enhanced. The cytoplamic organellar change is not remarkable except increase of secondary lysosomes. Endotoxin-only groups showed decrease of phagocytic cells. The phagocytic activity is also depressed. Destruction of macrophages and other cells are noted. Microthrombi are frequently seen. Both heparin pretreated and heparin posttreated groups revealed relative enhancement of phagocytic activity compaired to endotoxin-only groups. From the result of the experimental study, it appears that the effect of heparin on the reticuloendothelial system is enhancement of phagocytic activity of macrophages both in the coditions of normal and pathologic one. And it also suggests that heparin may act as an antagonizing factor to the reticuloendothelial depressing agent that may be derived from injured organ of endotoxin shock. And the effect of heparin to the phagocytic activity of macrophage may be related to the process of phagocytosis such as opsonization or to the direct cellular stimulation.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Glucocorticoid receptor enhances involucrin expression of keratinocyte in a ligand-independent manner

Yoon, Hyun Kyung,Li, Zheng Jun,Choi, Dae-Kyoung,Sohn, Kyung-Cheol,Lim, Eun-Hwa,Lee, Young Ho,Kim, Sooil,Im, Myung,Lee, Young,Seo, Young-Joon,Lee, Jeung-Hoon,Kim, Chang Deok Springer-Verlag 2014 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY - Vol.390 No.1

Role of piperacillin/tazobactam as a carbapenem-sparing antibiotic for treatment of acute pyelonephritis due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Yoon, Young Kyung,Kim, Jong Hun,Sohn, Jang Wook,Yang, Kyung Sook,Kim, Min Ja Elsevier 2017 International journal of antimicrobial agents Vol.49 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <I>Escherichia coli</I> (ESBL-Ec) is a frequent cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN), requiring carbapenem therapy. However, alternatives to carbapenems are needed due to the emergence of carbapenemase-producing micro-organisms. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) versus ertapenem in the treatment of adult patients with APN caused by ESBL-Ec. A retrospective observational study of APN caused by ESBL-Ec susceptible to TZP was performed at a university-affiliated hospital in the Republic of Korea between February 2011 and June 2013. All adult patients initially treated with in vitro-active TZP were compared with those treated with ertapenem to evaluate antibiotic clinical efficacy. The primary endpoint was treatment failure, defined as a composite of in-hospital mortality, change of initial antibiotic regimen and microbiological eradication failure. During the study period, 68 patients prescribed TZP and 82 patients prescribed ertapenem were eligible for inclusion in the study. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups in the occurrence of in-hospital mortality, change of initial antibiotic regimen or microbiological eradication failure. In the multivariate analyses, predictors associated with treatment failure included septic shock [odds ratio (OR) = 4.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66–10.99] and recent administration of immunosuppressive agents (OR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.02–7.91). However, the type of antibiotic was not associated with treatment failure. TZP could be an effective alternative to ertapenem for the treatment of APN caused by ESBL-Ec, sparing carbapenem consumption in the multidrug-resistant era.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Carbapenem-sparing agents are urgently needed to contain carbapenem resistance. </LI> <LI> There are limited treatment options against ESBL-producing uropathogens. </LI> <LI> Piperacillin/tazobactam may be an effective alternative to ertapenem. </LI> </UL> </P>

Clinical prediction rule for identifying patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at the time of admission to the intensive care unit in a low VRE prevalence setting.

Yoon, Young Kyung,Kim, Hyeon Jeong,Lee, Won Jin,Lee, Sung Eun,Yang, Kyung Sook,Park, Dae Won,Sohn, Jang Wook,Kim, Min Ja Academic Press ; Oxford University Press 2012 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Vol.67 No.12

<P>The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a clinical prediction rule to screen patients at risk of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) carriage at intensive care unit (ICU) admission in a hospital setting with low VRE prevalence.</P>

Korean Ginseng-Induced Occupational Asthma and Determination of IgE Binding Components

Kim, Kyung-Mook,Kwon, Hyouk-Soo,Jeon, Sung-Gyu,Park, Chang-Han,Sohn, Seong-Wook,Kim, Duck-In,Kim, Sun-Sin,Chang, Yoon-Seok,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Cho, Sang-Heon,Min, Kyung-Up,Kim, You-Young The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.2

<P>A number of case reports on occupational asthma caused by herbal medicines have been issued, for example, on Sanyak, Chunkung, Banha, and Brazilian ginseng. Recently, cases of occupational asthma induced by Sanyak and Korean ginseng have been reported, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved are unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate the immunologic mechanism underlying Korean ginseng-induced occupational asthma. A patient engaged in Korean ginseng wholesale was referred for recurrent dyspnea, wheezing, and nasal symptoms, which were aggravated at work. Allergen bronchial provocation testing to Korean ginseng extract showed a typical immediate response, and skin prick testing to Korean ginseng extract also showed a strong positive response. Moreover, serum-specific IgE levels to Korean ginseng extract were significantly higher than in controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition tests showed a dose-dependent inhibition by Korean ginseng, but not by <I>Dermatophagoides farinae</I>, wheat flour, or Chinese balloon flower. Sodium dodecylsulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting revealed four specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding components at 26, 30, 47, and 60 kDa, which were not bound by control sera. These results strongly suggest that occupation asthma induced by Korean ginseng is induced via an IgE-mediated mechanism.</P>