역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응을 이용한 사람의 활성 T세포 항원 CTLA-4 유전자 클로닝 및 마우스 L세포에서의 발현

조양자,장경덕,정용훈,박장환,김경희 한양대학교 의과대학 1993 한양의대 학술지 Vol.13 No.2

Occupancy of the T-cell receptor (TCR) by antigen in association with class Ⅱ MHC molecule is required for the initiation of T cell activation. However TCR stimulation is not a sufficient signal to account for all the observed events that occur during T cell activation. And in the absence of a second costimulatory signal provided by abtigen presenting cell antigen specific signal may lead to clonal inactivation or energy. CD28, a T cell surface molecule first defined by monoclonal antibody 9.3 on human cells, appears to function as an alternative, TCR/CD3-independent, activation pathway for T cell. This molecule provides costimulatory signal for T cell proliferation by increasing a number of lymphokines and cytokines production. A T cell activation antigen CTLA-4 is homologous to CD28 with 28% amino acid and 67% of nucleic acid homology in the protein coding region. CTLA-4 was ofiginally identified by the differential screening follosing subtractive hybridization of murine cytotoxic T cell cDNA library and mapped to the same lacation on chromosome 2 in human and chromosome 1 in mouse as CD28. These findings and activation associated expression pattern of CTLA-4 raise question about functional role of this molecule in T cell activation. In this study human CTLA-4 cDNA was amplified from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peropheral blood lymphocytes mRNA by using reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. And amplified human CTLA-4 cDNA was subsequently cloned into pRC/CMV vector. In double stranded DNA sequencing the 331st base of protein coding region was changed from guanylic acid of human CTLA-4 from alanine to threonine. Murind L cell transfected with this clone expressed 36kD protein. It appears that this dirrerence of molecular weight between native (34kD) and recombinant (36kD) human CTLA-4 molecule may due to glycosylation differences. The cDNA and murine CTLA-4 molecule may due to glycosylation differences. The cDNA and murine L cell lines expressing human CTLA-4 developed by this study would contribute in future work unveiling the biological rile of CTLA-4 in T cell activation.

人體에 Sulfa劑 投與時의 優劣比較

金玲子,張文卿,崔仁淑,林智淑,崔容子,許洵子 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1963 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.4

여성들의 화장실태와 화장지식 및 화장태도에 관한 연구

이승자,전용수,김장순,이종열,박천만 한국미용학회 2001 한국미용학회지 Vol.7 No.3

This study was conducted to provide the basic data necessary to develop the academic make-up program by analysing women' s make-up state, knowledge degree and attitude toward their make-up, and elements having an effect on their make-up attitude, using questionnaires answered by women who visited the 22 sampled beauty shops in Daegu from March 15 to April 4, 2001. The analysed result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. Based on the general features of sampled subjects, it was shown that the age of 21∼30 years old accounted for 45.7% and 31∼40 years old for 24.5%, and graduation from junior college or higher educational background for 54.8% and high school or higher for 41.8%. Their occupational fact showed that nonoccupation including full-time housekeepers accounted for 25.7% and experts for 25.2%. The result of marriage status indicated that the single accounted for 55% and the married for 41.1%. Their body status showed that the underweight accounted for 30.5% and overweight or fatness for 10.7%. Their answers about health status indicated that poor health accounted for 30.0% and good health for 14.8%. Their skin health status was that poor skin type accounted for 33.4% and dry skin type for 30.7%. Their average knowledge about make-up was 65.2 marks, and 54.1% of all the subjects had less knowledge than the average marks. 2. Their reasons for make-up indicated that 'to be beautiful' accounted for 29.8% and 'to have good manners as women' for 26.1%. With respect to their age, it was shown that the young women below 30 years old tended to make up 'to be beautiful(34.3 - 35.0%) while women above 41 years old did to have good manners as women(49.3%). Then, it was also shown that the respondents with high education level(p<0.001)and occupation including students(p<0.01), and the single(p<0.001) tended to make up 'to be beautiful' while the women with low education level(p<0.01) and with no occupation(p<0.01), and the married women(p<0.001) did 'to have good manners as women' to protect skin' or 'to cover weakness' . 3, The technical level of make-up they answered was that Not bad' accounted for 49.0% and 'Bad' for 33.0%. The respondents with the age below 20 years old(p<0.05), education level lower than a middle school(p<0.05), overweight and fatness(p<0.05), poor skin status(p<0.01) and less knowledge about make-up(p<0.001) showed bo not make up well' 4. The subjects answered about the importance of make-up that 'Yes' accounted for 48.9% which was higher than 10.9% of No The more the age and knowledge and with occupation, the higher the importance (p<0.01). 5. Their satisfaction level with make-up indicated that unsatisfaction(25.5%) was higher than satisfaction(21.8%). The worse the health state and skin health status, the higher the unsatisfaction(p<0.001) 6. Their frequency of shaded make-up indicated that 'Everyday accounted for 38.2% and 'Nearly not for 27.9%. It was also shown that the more the age(p<0.05) and with occupation(p<0.05) and knowledge about the make-up(p<0.05), the higher their tendency to make up everyday while the lower the age(p<0.05), the lower their tendency of make-up, and the students(p<0.05) nearly did not make up. 7. Whether or not their cosmetic has been selected after the consideration of skin type showed that 73% of the subjects responded 'Yes' which was higher for the persons with the age of 21∼30 years old(p<0.05), high education level(p<0.05) and more knowledge about the make-up(p<0.05). 8. Concerning the question about whether or not they have participated in any make-up education program, it was shown that 59.3% had no any experience in participation which was higher for the persons with no job(p<0.001), in general employment state(p<0.001), and with less knowledge about make-up(p<0.01). 9. The subjects who answered their spending ￦20,000∼40,000 on cosmetics every month accounted for 45.9% which was highest. It was shown, then, that the women with more age(p<0.001), with job(p<0.001) and with dry skin type(p<0.01) tended to spend more money. 10. Based on the question concerning their way to get information about cosmetics, it was shown that 'from professional cosmetic magazines' accounted for 32.7% and 'from TV or from newspapers' for 27.3%, and that the women with the age below 30 years old(p<40.8%) and in unmarried status(p<41.8%) obtained mainly the information 'from professional magazines' . The women with the age of 30 years old(31.5%) preferred 'from TV or from newspapers while the women with more than 41 years old(42.3%) and in married status(32.6%) did 'from beauty shops or from cosmetic saleswomen' (p<0.001). 11. Their degree of knowledge about make-up showed that the higher their education level, the higher their degree of knowledge, and that the degree was lower for the women with education level below graduation from a middle school(p<0.01) and overweight and fatness(p<0.01). 12. Their attitude toward make-up indicated that the women with professional job(p<0.01) and more knowledge about make-up(p<0.001) were positive. 13. In order to analyse elements influencing an attitude toward make-up, a multiple regression analysis was done by considering their attitude as a dependent variable, and their general features and make-up state as an independent variable. As a result, it was shown that the higher the degree of importance they think about make-up(p<0.001), the longer the time they take for make-up(p<0.001), the more their knowledge about make-up(p<0.01), the more their age(p<0.05) and the more their experience in participation in make-up education programs(p<0.05), the higher the degree they were positive toward make-up. The make-up is an essential action for women to express their aesthetic sense, and has an important effect on their making a healthy living socially and mentally, as well as on their skin health. Even though many women have understood the importance of make-up and have made up everyday, it appeared that their knowledge about make-up and make-up technique were insufficient, which mean needs for a systematically organized make-up education. To do that, it is required to first develop a synthetic program designed for the systematic make-up education.

T 세포활성항원 CTLA-4의 기능에 관한 연구 : T 세포에서 표적세포 살해능과 CTLA-4 발현과의 연관성 Target Cytotoxicity of T Cell Correlates with CTLA-4 Production

노만택,조양자,김용식,최용,조보현,최장원,정용훈 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

CTLA-4, a T cell activation antigen and a homologue of CD28, was originally identified as a gene by a series of reverse genetic approaches. While CD28 molecule has been characterized well as a stimulator of T-cell function via enhanced lymphokines production and stablilization of those mRNA, most of the functions of CTLA-4 remain unknown. It has been widely accepted that CTLA-4 functions as an immune suppressor which is down-regualting the function of CD28. We previously showed that 34 KD form of this antigen mainly expressed CD8+ subset, a cytotoxic or suppressor, of activated peripheral blood lymphocyte. Based on our previous finding this study was conducted to further characterize immunological function of CTLA-4 especially in terms of involvement of this molecule in T-cell effector function mediating target cell cytotoxicity. 4 human T cell clones with different target cytotoxicities were employed in this study. NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) were cytotoxic and NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD 8+) were non-cytotoxic to target LBF cell in target cell chromium release assay. And in Western blot assay 34 kD antigen was detected in NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) clones but not in NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD8+) clones. It was summarized that expression of the CTLA-4 antigen was associated with cytotoxicity but not with subset phenotypes of T cells. In conclusion CD8+ T subset of PHA-stimulated PBL was major and only CTLA-4 producer and this molecule was induced during mid to late stage of T cell activation. The cytotoxicity of T cell clones to its target cell was directly correlated with its CTLA-4 production and vice versa. And it was highly suggested that primary function of CTLA-4 may involved in T cell effector function which mediates target cell killing.

학교체육 활성화 방안에 대한 연구(Ⅰ) : 강원대학교 교양체육 운영방법의 개선을 중심으로

이광재,문병용,노성규,박기동,홍관이,한상준,유옥재,엄기진,정청자,오수일,김윤래,박장평,부기원 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1986 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.11

Try to find a scheme for activation to College Physical Education, this Report informs the various kinds of Survey and process those were projected for improvement of management methods on Cultural Physical Education in Kang Weon National University. From experimentally carried out "Sports events Choosing System" not as usual be inforced "Total practical Skill System", Following Positive effects and sujestions were Presented; 1. "Sports events choosing system" gave birth to more students' interesting and more voluntary participation to the sports events they chose, and sports skill and instruction level was elevated due to charge of expert according to each sports events. This system would be managed continuously hereafter for it related to life sports. 2. This System needs to closed cooperations between College and Community, for the facilities of community are utilized by college. 3. To complete the plan for activation of college Physical Education, additionally, the successional study ; namely "autonomous extracurricular sports activity" should be excuted hereafter.

마우스에서 고려홍삼 추출물의 단회 및 반복투여독성 평가

임숙희, 신선희, 장자영, 변상국, 이예은, 박동선, 전정희, 이용경, 이동만, 이세라, 김재승, 황방연, 노재섭, 남상윤, 윤영원, 김윤배 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2005 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.6 No.2

본문참조

지속성 외래복막투석 환자들의 예후에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 관한 고찰

권혁만,김찬덕,조지형,장민화,최혁준,이현철,박자용,박선희,김용림 대한신장학회 2004 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.23 No.2

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.

Effects of The Home Physical Therapy on Recovery of Muscle Strength and Gait for Discharged Patients Who Underwent Total Knee Replacement

Yong Su Jang,Moo Ki Kim,Ji Sung Kim,Ja Pung Koo,Si Eun Park,Wan Suk Choi,Bo Kyoung Kim,Yong Youn Kim,Soon Hee Kim 국제물리치료학회 2014 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.5 No.2

This study aims to identify the effect of home physical therapy on patients who left the hospital after total knee arthroplasty, compared to the Daily living group, when it was applied to them, under the guidance of physical therapists. As research subjects, 20 patients that were scheduled to leave the hospital after unilateral total knee arthroplasty, were chosen, and they were randomly divided into a home physical therapy group(10 patients) and an Daily living group(10 patients) in order to conduct an experiment. During the 4-week research, home physical therapy was offered for 40 mins once for 5 days a week, and muscular strength, gait components were measured. For muscular strength, quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength were measured, and as gait components, endurance, speed, step time, single-limb support were analysed. For this experiment, pre- and post-measurement were performed, and collected data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 18.0 statistical program. From the analysis of data, the following study results were obtained. Home physical therapy group and Daily living group both showed significant improvements in quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, and quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength of home physical therapy group more significantly improved than Daily living group's. In relation to gait components, gait endurance, gait speed, step time significantly improved in both of home physical therapy group and Daily living group, whereas home physical therapy group only showed significant improvements in single-limp support. According to the comparison between two groups, gait speed, single-limp support and step time improved more significantly in the home physical therapy group than in the Daily living group. In conclusion, positive results were revealed in both home physical therapy group and Daily living group, with regard to muscular recovery of lower limbs of patients discharged from the hospital after total knee arthroplasty and walking, but considering the comparison results between two groups, it seems that applying home physical therapy is more effective than maintaining a daily life.

Effects of The Home Physical Therapy on Recovery of Muscle Strength and Gait for Discharged Patients Who Underwent Total Knee Replacement

Jang, Yong Su,Kim, Moo Ki,Kim, Ji Sung,Koo, Ja Pung,Park, Si Eun,Choi, Wan Suk,Kim, Bo Kyoung,Kim, Yong Youn,Kim, Soon Hee International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2014 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.5 No.2

This study aims to identify the effect of home physical therapy on patients who left the hospital after total knee arthroplasty, compared to the Daily living group, when it was applied to them, under the guidance of physical therapists. As research subjects, 20 patients that were scheduled to leave the hospital after unilateral total knee arthroplasty, were chosen, and they were randomly divided into a home physical therapy group(10 patients) and an Daily living group(10 patients) in order to conduct an experiment. During the 4-week research, home physical therapy was offered for 40 mins once for 5 days a week, and muscular strength, gait components were measured. For muscular strength, quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength were measured, and as gait components, endurance, speed, step time, single-limb support were analysed. For this experiment, pre- and post-measurement were performed, and collected data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 18.0 statistical program. From the analysis of data, the following study results were obtained. Home physical therapy group and Daily living group both showed significant improvements in quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, and quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength of home physical therapy group more significantly improved than Daily living group's. In relation to gait components, gait endurance, gait speed, step time significantly improved in both of home physical therapy group and Daily living group, whereas home physical therapy group only showed significant improvements in single-limp support. According to the comparison between two groups, gait speed, single-limp support and step time improved more significantly in the home physical therapy group than in the Daily living group. In conclusion, positive results were revealed in both home physical therapy group and Daily living group, with regard to muscular recovery of lower limbs of patients discharged from the hospital after total knee arthroplasty and walking, but considering the comparison results between two groups, it seems that applying home physical therapy is more effective than maintaining a daily life.