김영랑 시의 ‘흐름’과 시간 -「북」을 중심으로-

강숙영 ( Kang Sook-young ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2021 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.91 No.-

「북」(1946.12)은 영랑이 6여 년간 계속되었던 절필 기간을 끝내고 발표한 시이다. 영랑의 시편들에는 ‘흐르다’라는 동사나 ‘흐름’의 이미지가 빈번하게 등장한다. 영랑의 시 세계에서 ‘흐름’은 시간이다. 초기 시에서 영랑은 시간과 함께 흘러 사라지는 것들에 대한 안타까움과 슬픔을 주로 노래한다. ‘흐름’의 이미지는 「북」에 이르러 변화한다. 이 작품에 나타나는 ‘흐름’의 이미지는 베르그송(Henri Bergson)의 독특한 시간 개념인 ‘지속 (durée) ’과 유사하다. 이 작품에서 영랑은 시간이 흘러서 사라지는 것이 아니라 우리의 원초적인 감각 체험을 통해서 다시 올라올 수 있다는 인식을 보여준다. 연속적인 시간 속에 존재하는 우리의 삶을 시인은 끊어질 듯 이어지며 혼융하는 판소리 장단에 집약한다. 판소리의 ‘판’은 가락과 리듬이 다양한 곡선으로 흐르면서 새로운 창조가 잉태되고 주체와 객체가 공명하는 열린 공간이다. 북은 ‘컨닥터’로 함께 공명하면서 우리가 던져진 세계 속에 홀로 존재하는 것이 아님을 상기시키는 존재이다. ‘동중정(動中靜)’은 북소리와 연창의 가락이 온전히 합일한 찰나의 순간이며, 보편적인 시간관에 억압되었던 시간이 시간의 삼분법을 뚫고 올라오는 사유의 시간이다. ‘북’소리는 그 순간의 솟구침을 추동한다. 「북」에서 ‘흐름’은 지속의 시간이고, 판소리의 ‘판’은 새로운 생성을 촉구하는 혼융이 발생하는 공간이다. 이렇게 영랑은 모든 장단이 뒤섞이는 판소리 무대를 통해 예측할 수 없이 변주되는 삶의 곡절 위에서 줄타기하는 우리에게 새로움을 위한 카오스의 공간을 제시했다. 「북」의 ‘판’에서 존재들이 만들어 내는 소리는 서로 융합하고 공명한다. 영랑은 과거와 현재와 미래가 뒤섞인 이 ‘판’에서 현실 세계의 시간이 일깨우는 온갖 ‘잔가락’을 잊으라고 주문한다. ‘인생이 가을같이 익어’가는 이순간은 영랑이 「모란이 피기까지」에서 그토록 열망했던 ‘찬란한’ 봄일 것이다. The drum (1946.12) is a poem published by Kim Young-rang after a six-year period of not writing. In the early period of portry, Yeongrang used the verb "flow" or the image of "flow" frequently. In the time world of Young-rang, 'flow' is the time. In the early poems, Yeongrang mainly sings about the sadness of things that fade away with time. The image of the 'flow' changes by reaching The drum. The image of "flow" in this work is similar to Henri Bergson's unique concept of time, "durée". In this work, Young-rang shows the perception that it does not disappear over time, but can be raised again through our primitive sensory experience. As our life goes on, the poet continues to be interrupted by the chaotic Pansori rhythm. In The drum, "flow" is the duration time, and "stage" of pansori is the space where confusion occurs for new create. In this way, Young-rang presented Chaos' space for novelty to us who walk a tightrope on unpredictable twists and turns through the pansori stage where all the rhythms are mixed. The sounds created by the "Pan(stage)" converge and resonate with each other. The past, the present, and the future. This moment when "life ripens like autumn" may be the "shing brilliantly" spring that Young-rang aspired so much from "Until peony blooms."

階層에 따른 家庭生活觀의 調査硏究 : 家政科敎育의 方向과 그 內容에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ)

姜信珠,徐英淑 慶北大學校 師範大學 1979 敎育硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was to suggest the direction of home economics education and to establish the new home economics curriculum by surveying and analizing the view of family life value on the basis of sex, academic level, and ages. The results were as follows. 1. The most important aspect of family life is to bring up and educate children. 2. On clothing selection, the most important factors are individuality and practicality but only individuality is most important in case of young and high academic respondants. 3. On food selection, nutritive value is reargded as the most important factor but preference for food is equally important in case of young and high academic respondants. 4. With respect to dwelling-house, efficiency is regarded as important factor but aesthetical condition is also regarded as important factor among young respondants. 5. The greater part of male sex object to working mother by reason of difficulty in educating children. 6. Most respondants obtain information for home management from T.V., radio and newspaper and mainly spend their leisure time in watching T.V.

지적장애학생의 전환교육프로그램과 특수교육과정 사회교과의 통합적 접근 구안

김영준 ( Young Jun Kim ),강경숙 ( Kyung Sook Kang ),김주영 ( Joo Young Kim ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2012 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 지적장애학생의 성인 자립생활 적응능력과 특수교육의 실제적인 결과를 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 전환교육프로그램과 특수교육과정 교과교육의 통합적 접근을 구안하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 지적장애학생의 IEP 자료 내용에 포함된 생활요구를 전환사정 도구인 Brolin(1993)의 생활중심 진로교육 모형에 따라 생활영역, 하위영역, 구체적인 과제기술의 순으로 종합 분석하여 식당이용기술을 수업 주제로 설정하였다. 그리고 수업 주제에 대한 학습목표를 설정하기 위해 앞서 Brolin(1993)의 모형에 의해 분석된 구체적인 과제기술과 밀접한 특수교육과정 사회교과의 각 영역 및 수준별 해당 내용체계 요소들을 추출하여 수업 주제의 맥락에 따라 보완하였다. 이에 본 연구는 수업 주제인 식당이용기술의 학습목표를 식당 찾기, 음식 주문, 식사 기술로 설정하였다. 또한 수업 주제 및 학습목표를 바탕으로 실제 적용할 수 있는 교육방법 및 평가를 구안하였다. 즉, 수업 주제 및 학습목표가 실제 수행되는 지역사회에 대한 생태학적 분석과 그 결과에 따라 수업 주제의 학습목표별로 과제분석을 구성하였으며, 통합적 중재 패키지 수준에서 다양한 교수·학습 전략과 과정중심 수행평가 방법도 구성하였다. 아울러 설정된 수업 주제및 학습목표를 기능적으로 심화·발전시키기 위해 교과 간·교과 내 통합에 의해 사후확장활동을 구성하였다. This study designed an integral approach to transition education program and subject matters of special education basic curriculum, as a means to improve actual outcomes of adult independent living adaptation ability and special education of students with intellectual disabilities. In this study, life needs included in the IEP data of students with intellectual disabilities were comprehensively analyzed in the order of life domain, sub domain and specific task skills according to the life-centered career education model of Brolin(1993), a transition assessment tool, and selected restaurant skill as the topic of the course. Also in order to set learning goals on the course topic, content elements in each domain and level of social subject in special education basic curriculum, closely related to specific task skills analyzed by the model of Brolin(1993) mentioned earlier, were extracted and supplemented according to the context of course topic. Thereupon in this study, search of restaurants, ordering of food and dining skill were selected as learning goals on the course topic. In addition, this study designed practically applicable teaching methods and assessment of course topic and learning goals, which had been selected based on the transition education program by Kim, Young-Jun and Kim, Jin-Ho(2010). That is, ecological analysis on the community in which the course topic and learning goals were being carried out was conducted with task analysis on each learning goal on the course topic. Various teaching and learning strategies were configured with process-focused performance assessment methods at the level of integral intervention package. Furthermore in an attempt to functionally intensify and develop the selected course topic and learning goals, follow-up extension activities were devised through intra -subject and inter-subject integration.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

간호사의 임상 실무 경험

서문자,손행미,강현숙,권성복,김주현,박영숙,이은희,임난영,조경숙,지성애 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

영도에서 조망하는 부산항 경관의 시각적 특성

박문순,강영조,조승래,강헌우,차명숙,Park, Moon-Sook,Kang, Young-Jo,Cho, Seung-Rae,Kang, Hyon-Woo,Cha, Myeong-Sook 한국조경학회 2010 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 영도에서 부산항을 체험할 수 있는 조망점을 대상으로 조망점의 공간적 분포, 부산항을 체험하는 시선의 유형, 항구경관의 구도적 특성 그리고 조망점의 시각특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 선정된 조망점 27개소를 대상으로 한 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조망점의 공간적 분포 유형은 공원형, 공공시설형, 도로변형으로 구분되었다. 조망점은 도로변형에서 가장 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부산항을 체험하는 시선의 유형은 수제선회유형, 항만대변형, 도시관통형으로 나타났다. 영도에서 바라보는 부산항 경관에 대한 시선의 유형은 도시관통형이 가장 많이 나타났다. 이유로는 영도라는 섬이 도시화로 인해 시가지와 도로가 점점 확장되면서 부산항을 바라보는 시선이 도시를 관통하여 바다를 조망하는 시선이 많아지게 된 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 항구경관의 구도적 특성은 파노라마형, 회랑형, 지붕너머형으로 파악되었다. 그 중 지붕너머형이 가장 많이 나타났다. 이를 통해 영도에서 체험하는 부산항의 모습은 대부분 경관의 연속성이 상실되고, 주거지의 지붕이 거리감을 차단하여 일종의 차경 역할을 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 조망점의 시각특성을 분석하였다 조망정의 부각은 수평경에 가까운 $-3^{\circ}{\sim}-1^{\circ}$사이에 13개소, $-6^{\circ}{\sim}-4^{\circ}$의 범위에 12개소로 가장 많은 분포를 보였다. 부감의 시축에 해당되는 조망점은 2개소로 나타났다. 이는 시가지가 확장되면서 건물에 의해 내려다보는 시선이 차단된 결과로 판단되었다. 그리고 시거리의 지리적 범위는 0.2km~6.4km에 이르는 광범위한 조망역을 이루고 있었다. 최적의 부감경을 체험할 수 있는 조망점 2개소는 지속적으로 조망을 보전하기 위한 방법을 제안하였다. 본 연구의 성과는 부산의 경우와 같은 항만도시에 있어서 조망점의 관리 및 보전 등의 경관계획에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study will define the features of the viewpoint that best enables the view of Busan Port from Young-Do. Special focus will be on spatial distribution, the type Busan Port sights that can be experienced from Young-Do, the compositional characteristic of a port landscape and visual characteristic. The results are based on 27 selected viewpoints and are as follows. Firstly, the patterns of the spatial distribution of viewpoints are classified as park, public facility and wayside types. It was found that most viewpoints are located along a wayside. Secondly, the types of Busan Port sights that can be experienced from Young-Do are divided into three kinds: surrounding stand-line type, facing the port and the type of penetrating city. The major type was of penetrating city among the three patterns. The reason for this is that the point of view for Busan Port was changed into a prospect over the sea since city and road sections have been expanding due to the urbanization of Young-Do. Thirdly, the compositional characteristics of the port landscape are divided into three styles: panoramic, corridor, and rooftop. The most frequent type is the rooftop style among the three characteristics. This fact indicates that the picture of Busan Port seen from Young-Do loses continuity of view and that housetops inhibit the sense of distance. Lastly, the visual characteristics of the viewpoint were analyzed. The angles of the declination of the viewpoints are concentrated on the horizontally closed parts. Thirteen points lie between $-3^{\circ}$ and $-1^{\circ}$, and twelve points between $-6^{\circ}$ and $-4^{\circ}$. The visual axes of the depression are two points because sight is interrupted by buildings which are built when the city expands. Two viewpoints for experiencing the optimum landscape of depression should be prepared to ensure continuous preservation of the viewpoints. The sight creates a wide prospect, reaching from 0.2km to 6.4km. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for the landscape plans of port cities including the management and preservation of viewpoints.

Education Compensation and Rehabilitation for hte Physically and Mentally Handicapped

강영우,석경숙 韓國社會社業大學特殊敎育硏究所 1981 特殊敎育硏究 Vol.9 No.-

은/요오드화은 膜電極 利用에 관한 硏究

姜成浩,權東淑,尹英子 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1981 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.28 No.-

Ag/AgI 막전극은 주로 CN^- 이온을 측정하기 위하여 Ag판에 AgI을 coating하여 제조하였다. 이 전극은 장기간 CN^- 이온을 측정할 때 표면이 변하지 않고 견고하며 재현성이 좋았다. 이 전극은 I^-, CN^- 이온에 대하여 10^-1M에서 10^-5M의 범위에서 Nernst slope와 잘 일치됐다. Silver/siver iodide membrane electrodes prepared electrolytic coating of silver plate are advantageous as sensors for cyanide. The membrane electrodes were very hard, chemically durable, and excellent in reproducibility. The electrodes showed a linear potential response to I^- and CN^- at the concentrations ranging from 10^-1 to 10^-5M. The slope followed Nernstian slope.

노화에 의한 콜린과 타우린의 뇌수송에 대한 변화

강영숙 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.20 No.-

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of [^(J)H]choline and [³H]taurine was compared in senescence-accelerated mouse(SAM) and normal mouse (ICR) with common carotid artery perfusion (CCAP) method to establish a possible relation between aging and changes in brain transport of choline and taurine. The SAM strains developed as the animal model show senescence acceleration and age-associated pathological phenotypes similar to geriatric disorders seen in humans. Futhermore choline plays a key role in function of biological membrane and as a precursor for the synthesis of acetylcholine related with Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Taurine is also known to have a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress and excito-toxic agents. As the result of the experiments, the brain volume of distribution (V_(D,brain)) of [³H]choline in SAM by CCAP method increased about 4-fold compared with that in normal mice while V_(D,brain) of [³H]taurine in SAM was reduced by 85%. These results suggest that aging may bring about changes on the brain transport activity of choline and taurine through the BBB.

신규개발된 중추성 근이완제 2-methyl-3-aminopropiophenone 유도체의 혈액 : 뇌관문 투과기구 Brain Barrier in Rats

강영숙 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 1995 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.11 No.-

The [(4'-Ethly-2-methyl-3-pyrrolidino)propiophenone HCI derivative (HY-770) of 2-methyl-3-aminopropiophenone (MP) has been developed as central muscle relaxants and is readly transported through the central nervous system. The unidirectional extraction for HY-770 was measured by the brain uptake index method in adult male Wistar rats under ketamin-xylazine anesthesia. The brain extraction of HY770 was ver high, almost 100%. The coinjection of [^14C]HY-770 and unlabelled HY-770 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of HY-770 transport through the blood-brain barrier(BBB) and saturation in 50mM HY-770. Therefore, it is indicated that BBB transport of HY-770 is mediated by a low-affifinity, high capacity saturable transport system. BBB permeability of HY-770 was significantly inhibited by MP derivatives, e.g., tolperisone, eperisone and eprazinone. Basic lipophilic drugs such as lidocaine and propranolol significantly inhibited the BBB transport of HY-770.