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Lee, Min-Soo,Ham, Byung Joo,Kee, Baik Seok,Kim, Jung‐,Bum,Yeon, Byeong Kil,Oh, Kang‐,Seob,Oh, Byoung Hoon,Lee, Chul,Jung, Han Yong,Chee, Ik‐,Seung,Choe, Byeong Moo,Paik, In Ho Informa UK (Librapharm) 2005 Current medical research and opinion Vol.21 No.9
<P>OBJECT: To compare efficacy and safety of milnacipran and fluoxetine in a population of Korean patients with major depression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The design was a multi-centre, randomised, comparative clinical study. Patients with major depression (DSM-IV diagnostic criteria) scoring over 17 points on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and over 21 points on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were recruited and randomised to receive milnacipran (50 mg/day increasing after 1 week to 100 mg/day) or fluoxetine (20 mg/day) for 6 weeks. All previous medication was stopped at least 7 days before entry into the study. Patients were evaluated (HAM-D, MADRS and clinical global impression scale, CGI) at baseline and after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. All adverse events which developed during the study period were recorded. RESULTS: 70 patients (milnacipran 39; fluoxetine 31) were included in the study. Total score on both HAM-D, MADRS and CGI decreased significantly in both groups after 1 week and continued to decrease throughout the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups for any measurement at any time point. Both antidepressants were well tolerated. In the milnacipran group, 13 patients reported 28 adverse reactions, and in the fluoxetine group 11 patients reported 18 adverse reactions. Two patients discontinued due to adverse events in the milnacipran group and three in the fluoxetine group. There were no clinically significant modifications in vital signs, routine blood laboratory tests, biochemistry or ECG throughout the study. Nausea and headache were the most frequently reported adverse events with milnacipran while digestive disturbances, diarrhoea and insomnia were more common with fluoxetine. CONCLUSION: Milnacipran, like fluoxetine, was found to be effective and well tolerated for the treatment of major depression in this population of depressed Korean patients. Principal limitations of the study were its open design, its small sample size and its relatively short duration.</P>
주요우울증에 대한 Milnacipran의 효과 및 안정성 : Fluoxetine과의 비교
이민수,함병주,기백석,김정범,연병길,오강섭,오병훈,이철,정한용,지익성,최병무,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4
Objectives : This 6-week, open label randomized, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the antidepressant effect and safety of milnacipran and fluoxetine in patients with major depression. Methods : The study was done in patients with major depression diagnosed by DSM-IV who score ≥17 in 17 items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (17-item HAM-D) and score ≥25 in Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). A total of 87 patients were randomized to milnacipran group and fluoxetine group. In cases of the patients taking other antidepressants, 6 weeks of each medication was administered after 7 days of drug excretion period. The evaluation was done using 17 item HAM-D, MADRS, Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), and COVI scale after baseline, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. The side effects that had occurred during the period of our study were put in records by developed/disappeared time, severities, incidences, managements and results. Results : A total of 87 patients were enrolled. 70 (mitnacipran group 39 ; fluoxetine group 31) of them were included for the 6 weeks of research and 17 of them dropped out with in the first week, not due to adverse reactions or deficiency of effects. Total 17 item HAM-D scores, total points of MADRS, and CGI showed significant decrease after 1 week in each treatment group and continued decrease after 2 weeks and 4, 6 weeks. But there was no difference between milnacipran group and fluoxetine group in the antidepressant effect. There were no significant changes in vital sign, CBC, chemistry, and EKG in each treatment group. The commonly reported side elfects of minlacipran were nausea (25.0%), headache (10.7%), vomiting (7.1%),constipation (7.1%), dizziness (7.1%) and those of fluoxetne were GI trouble (11.1%), diarrhea (11.1%), insomnia (11.1%),agitation (5.6%), and dizziness (5.6%). Conclusion : Milnacipran was effective for the improvement of depressive symptoms and was well tolerated and safe in patients with depression.
주요우울증이 근로자의 생산성에 미치는 영향 : WHO-HPQ(Health and Work Performance Questionnaire)를 이용한 예비연구
김원,황태연,함병주,이준석,최병휘,김세주,서용진,강은호,우종민 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6
Objectives : Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes patients' distress and makes socioeconomic burden, both directly and indirectly. We used the concept of lost productive time (LPT) to estimate the indirect costs and calculated both absenteeism and presenteeism among workers with MDD. Mcthods : Depression group was recruited from workers visiting psychiatric outpatient clinic who had MDD without major physical or mental disorders (N= 106). Age and sex matched healthy control group was also recruited through advertisement (M=100). All participants completed a interview using WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ), Job Stress Measurement Scale for Korean Employees, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t-test or χ² test as characteristics of values (p=0.05). Results : The number of absence (0.94-day/month vs. 0.10-day/month, P=0.015) andthe numberofearly leaving (2.56-day/month vs. 0.24-day/month, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the depression group. Depression group evaluated their Perfor-mance level much lower than controls with significant value (5.16 vs. 7.62, P<0.001). In addition, depression group estimated their performance level during the last 4 weeks lower compared to the level of past 1-year (5.16 vs 6.63, P<0.001). The estimated costs of absenteeism in depression group were higher than controls by 2,520,000 Korean Won per year, and those of presenteeism were also higher by 4,880,000 Korean Won per year. The total costs of LPT in depression group were higher than controls by 7,400,000 Korean Won, which corresponds to 26% ofmean annual salary. In addition, the level of occupational stress, such as high demand and interpersonal conflict, was higher in the depression group. Conclusion : Major depressive disorder costs substantial productivity loss to workers and their company. Presenteeism imposes more time cost than absenteeism. Effectiveness trials are needed to devise cost-effective programs for the early detection and treatment of depression at the workplace.
조지훈,손민일,박용성,함병호,김태옥 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-
For upward cocurrent gas-liquid flow in a packed column, holdup and axial mixing characteristics of liquid were investigated. In an air-water-glass bead system. liquid holdup and residence time distribution(RTD) were measured and Peclet number based on axial dispersion model was evaluated from experimental RTD. We found that liquid holdup was increased with increasing liquid velocity and size of packing material, and it was decreased with increasing gas velocity. Also, liquid holdup for the cocurrent up flow system was larger than that for the downflow system at the same experimental conditions. As increasing gas velocity, the in fluence of packing size and operation method on liquid holdup was reduced. The calculated Peclet number was not affected by gas velocity, and it was increased with increasing liquid velocity and with decreasing packing size. Furthermore, the effect of liquid velocity on Petlet number for higher liquid Reynolds number(Re1>70) was larger than that for lower Re1. In these conditions, correlations of the dynamic liquid holdup and the Bodenstein number were obtained.
Ham, Mira,Choe, Sung Sik,Shin, Kyung Cheul,Choi, Goun,Kim, Ji-Won,Noh, Jung-Ran,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Ryu, Je-won,Yoon, Kun-Ho,Lee, Chul-Ho,Kim, Jae Bum American Diabetes Association 2016 Diabetes Vol.65 No.9
<P>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, plays important roles in redox regulation and de novo lipogenesis. It was recently demonstrated that aberrant upregulation of G6PD in obese adipose tissue mediates insulin resistance as a result of imbalanced energy metabolism and oxidative stress. It remains elusive, however, whether inhibition of G6PD in vivo may relieve obesity-induced insulin resistance. In this study we showed that a hematopoietic G6PD defect alleviates insulin resistance in obesity, accompanied by reduced adipose tissue inflammation. Compared with wild-type littermates, G6PD-deficient mutant (G6PD(mut)) mice were glucose tolerant upon high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Intriguingly, the expression of NADPH oxidase genes to produce reactive oxygen species was alleviated, whereas that of antioxidant genes was enhanced in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed G6PD(mut) mice. In diet-induced obesity (DIO), the adipose tissue of G6PDmut mice decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by downregulated proinflammatory macrophages. Accordingly, macrophages from G6PD(mut) mice greatly suppressed Iipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory signaling cascades, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of G6PD(mut) bone marrow to wild-type mice attenuated adipose tissue inflammation and improved glucose tolerance in DIO. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of macrophage G6PD would ameliorate insulin resistance in obesity through suppression of proinflammatory responses.</P>