경연대회를 통한 초·중고생의 창의력 현황에 관한 연구

육근철,이희복,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,심규철,박종석,신영숙,박상태,변두원,김태균 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

21세기의 정보화 산업사회와 지식기반 사회에서 우리의 아이들이 자신의 목소리로 세계 속에서 살아가게 하기 위해서는 다른 사람과 다른 아이디어를 낼 수 있도록 교육의 틀을 바꾸지 않으면 안된다. 다라서 21세기의 미래 사회를 살아갈 학생들을 가르치는 교육의 현장 역시 창의적인 인간을 길러낼 수 있도록 변해야 한다. 즉, 미래 사회를 대비하기 위해서는 각 개인의 개성을 존중하는 분위기에서 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성해야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서, 학교 안에서의 교육뿐만이 아니라 학교 밖에서도 다양한 학습 경험을 통해서 교육 과정이 추구하는 인간상을 구현할 수 있도록 활동할 수 있는 기회가 학생들에게 제공되어야 한다. 창의력을 발휘하여 문제를 해결하는 능력을 기르기 위해서는 개별적이 아닌 여러 명의 동료가 주어진 과제를 해결할 수 있는 기회를 갖고 짧은 시간이 아닌 장시간 동안 고민하고 그 해결책을 찾는 활동을 가질 기회가 필요하다. In order to educate our students with their special talents for the informational and knowledge based age expected in the 21st century, we must improve our educational programs such that students are able to create their own fresh ideas. Hence the present educational environment should be changed such that they are willing to respect others' characters and personality with their own original ideas. Therefore, we must make them have the opportunity that they can acquire many experiences through the school education and the social education program, so that they may grow up to the person with the humanity and creativity. In this study we have suggested new educational program where students engage themselves in long term research projects with collaboration of the team and creativity of individuals.

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

상아질 결합제의 결합력에 관한 연구

김명국,백기석,이용근,김철위 大韓齒科器材學會 1994 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In this study, the shear bond strength of dentin bonding agents to the extracted dentin surface was measured. Six kinds of dentin bonding agents and nine kinds of dental composite resins currently used in Korea were studied. Extracted premolar or molar tooth was embedded in acrylic resin and one of the nonocclusal surface of the crown was exposed by grinding. The exposed surface was polished up # 600 silicone carbide paper and the specimen was soaked in Fusayama's artificial saliva more than 24 hours. After the exopsed dentin surface was air-dired in the case of dry technique and blotted with tissue paper softly in the case of wet technique, dentin bonding agent was applied and dental composite resin packed in gelatin capsule was bonded on it. The specimens were stored in 37℃ Fusayama's artificial saliva for 24 hours and then the attached composite resin nodule was detached with Instron Universal Testing Machine with the cross-head speed of 0.2 mm.min. From the experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. The shear bond strength of AB2 to the extracted dentin was 8.6112.23 MPa and those values were not significantly different depending on the composite resins attached (p>0.05) 2. The shear bond strength of DH2 was 7.9314.17 MPa, and that of SC2 was 9.75∼15.13 MPa. With these dentin bonding agents, the shear bond strength was not significantly different depending on the application technique (wet or dry bonding)(p>0.05). 3. DH2 and SC2 generally showed high shear bond strength and DH2/ SUP(W, D), DH2/CRA(D), SC2/P50(W) and SC2/SUP(W) couples showed somewhat higher shear bond strength than others.

교정용 선재와 브라켓 사이의 마찰력에 관한 연구

김철위,박영준,이용근 大韓齒科器材學會 1995 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Mechanical friction makes the orthodontic tooth movement require greater force than the biological tooth movement. Friction is affected by the size, shape, and material of both the bracket and the wire. This study was designed to investigate the effect of material or size of orthodontic brackets and orthodontic wires on the amount of frictional forces generated during simulated tooth movement. A testing apparatus was designed to simulate the clinical situation in which the center of resistance of a tooth is not on the same plane as that of bracket, thereby resulting in some tipping of the bracket slot relative to orthodontic wire (100 gram weight was suspended). In angulated and non-angulated experimental condition, the orthodontic wires were drawn through the testing apparatus with the speed of 2mm/minute. The results were as follows : 1. In both of the cases of the metal bracket and ceramic bracket, the frictional forces were greater in angulated experimental group than non-angulated group. In both of the non-angulated and angulated experimental group, the frictional forces of ceramic brackets were greater than those of metal brackets. In most of cases, these differences were statistically significant(p<0.05) with a few exceptions. 2. In general, the frictional forces of orthodontic wires with circular cross-cut surface were lower than those wires with rectangular cross-cut surfaces. But there was no statistically significant correlation between the size of orthodontic wire and frictional forces. 3. There was no difference between the frictional of the stainless-steel orthodontic wires and those of the cobalt-chromium orthodontic wires, but the frictional forces varied depending on the measuring condition or brand of the wires. 4. The frictional forces of β-titanium orthodontic wires were significantly higher than those of stainless-steel orthodontic wires were cobalt-chromium orthodontic wires.

치과용 저금계 합금의 조성 및 열처리에 따른 경도 및 변색에 관한 연구

김철위,김명국,백기석,이용근,윤태호 대한치과기재학회 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Discoloration of dental alloys results from several reasons such as chemical tarnish, precipitation of chromatic substance on the alloy surface. In this study, the discoloration of 20 kinds of dental casting alloys was measured after immersion in various solutions, and the results were analyzed by the composition of the alloys and solutions. The effects of constitutional elements of the alloys on the color and discoloration of alloys were evaluated also. Cast specimens were polished with #400 silicons carbide paper, and were washed and dried. Vickers hardness of the alloys specimens was measured before and after heat treatment. Color of specimens was measured with the Spectrophotometer (Minolta CM-3500d, Japan.) with the CIELAB scale. Illumination C was used with SCE. Five kinds of aqueous solutions of HP (10% H₂O₂), NS (5% Na₂S), NC (5% NaCL), AS (mucin-added artificial saliva) and SF (10% SnF₂) were used, and the specimens were immersed at 37℃ for one and three days. ΔE* of the mostly discolored alloy for three days in HP was very high as 26.6, 10.27 in NS, 7.88 in AS, 4.23 in SF, and 4.18 in NC. Multiple regression analysis among CIE L*, a*, b* before immersion and the alloy composition showed that each CIE L*, a*, b* was negatively correlated with palladium content, and R value was -0.623, -0.365, -0.674 respectively. Multiple regression analysis among ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* after there days and the alloy composition showed that silver was positively correlated with ΔE* (R = 0.510, p<0.01), and CIE L* was influenced by silver and copper content, CIE a* was influenced by copper and indium content, CIE b* was influenced by silver content (p<0.01). VHN number was 146.00∼347.60 before heat treatment, and 161.20∼331.20 after heat treatment.

치과용석고, 경석고와 초경석고의 물성에 관한 비교 연구

김철위,이용근 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this investigation was to study the setting time, fineness, setting expansion, compressive strength, consistency, detail reproduction, water-powder ratio, acidity, setting temperature rise and determination of free water of three commercial dental model plasters (P-1, P-2 and P-3), ten dental stones (S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4, S-5, S-6, S-7, S-8, S-9 and S-10), and three improved dental stones (IS-1, IS-2 and IS-3) used in Korea. The following properties were studied: setting time, fineness, setting expansion, compressive strength, consistency, detail reproduction, water powder ratio, acidity, setting temperature rise and free water content. These tests were performed according to the KDA Specification No. 14: Dental plaster, stone and improved stone, KSP 5202: Dental plaster, RANSI/ADA Specification No. 25: Dental gypsum product, JIS T 6604: Dental plaster, T 6605: Dental stone. From the experiments, the following results can be drawn: 1) The setting time of the dental gypsum products was 6.25 min. to 23.16 min. and the fineness of the dental gypsum products was as follows, the passed amount through No. 30 sieve was 99.73% to 100%, 62.25% to 98.31% through No. 100 sieve and 27.35% to 84.92% through No. 200 sieve. 2) The setting expansion of the dental gypsum products was 0.047% to 0.278% after 2 hours. The compressive strength of the model plaster after 1 hour was 65.05±3.21 ㎏/㎠ to 85.42±7.02 ㎏/㎠, that of the stone was 223.68±24.47 ㎏/㎠ to 440.13±51.67 ㎏/㎠, and that of the improved stone was 320.53±27.94 ㎏/㎠ to 337.89±36.11 ㎏/㎠. 3) The consistency of the dental gypsum products was 24.1±1.27mm to 36.2±2.64mm, the detail reproduction score was 2.5 to 4.0 and the water power ration was 59.98% to 65.15%. 4) The acidity of mixed supernatant water was pH 5.2 to pH 5.6, and the temperature rise during setting was 16.4℃ to 19.0℃ with the model plaster, that of the stone was 23.0℃ to 28.6℃ and that of the improved stone was 22.0℃ to 23.6℃. 5) The time to reach the peak temperature was 22.16 min. to 30.32 min. with the model plaster, that of the stone was 13.63 min. to 59.66 min, and that of the improved stone was 36.10 min. to 69.13 min. The free water content was 0.1% to 1.0% and the constitutional water content was 5.09% to 5.29% with the model plaster.

치과생체재료 분야의 연구현황 및 전망

김철위,이용근 대한치과기재학회 1999 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.26 No.1

치과생체재료학의 연구현황을 분석하고 새로운 천년을 전망하여 연구방향을 모색하기 위한 본 글에서는 현재까지의 치과생체재료학 분야의 연구성과를 검토하고, 이어 향후 방향을 예측한 여러 의견을 모아 제시하고자 한다. 이어 각 재료와 특성별로 앞으로의 연구방향을 설정하여 보고자 한다.

상아질 표면처리제 및 결합제가 레진강화형 글라스 아이오노머와 상아질의 전단결합강도에 주는 영향

김용대,이용근,임범순,김철위 대한치과기재학회 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Resin-modified glass ionomers (RmGIs) have been widely used and are recommended for restoring cervical lesions that include enamel and dentin margins, and for caries-prone patients because of the possible anticariogenic effect of fluroride. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of two resin-modified glass ionomers to dentin using four different dentin surface treatments and two one-bottle bonding agents. Human dentin was pretreated with 35 % phosphoric acid, 10 % citric acid and 3 % ferric chloride, 10 % polyacrylic acid and EDTA 3-2 solution, and was applied with One-Step and Single Bond. Two resin-modified glass-ionomers, Fuji Ⅱ LC(FLC) and Vitremer (VTM), were then adhered to the dentin. After 24 h in distilled water at 37 ℃ the shear bond strength between the resin-modified glass-ionomers and the pretreated dentin was measured with an Instron at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and the dentin-dentin bonding agent-RmGI interface of the specimen was observed by SEM. From the experiment, the following results were obtained : 1.For the dentin treated only with surface treatments except EDTA 3-2 solution, the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomers to dentin was statistically significant higher than that of resin-modified glass ionomers to dentin treated with dentin surface treatments (p<0.05). 2.For the dentin applied with dentin bonding agents subsequent to pretreatment with dentin surface treatments, the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomers to dentin was statistically significant higher than that of resin-modified glass ionomers to dentin treated only with dentin surface treatments (p<0.05). 3.When the specimens were applied with One-Step or Single Bond subsequent to four different dentin surface treatments, the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomers to dentin was not statistically different between One-Step and Single Bond (p<0.05). 4.With applications of dentin bonding agent, 35 % phosphoric acid or 10 % citric acid + 3 % ferric chloride solutions were found to be the most effective in improving bond strength to dentin, followed by 0.5 M EDTA 3-2 solution and 10 % polyacrylic acid solution. 5.From SEM observations, 10 % polyacrylic acid solution did not completely remove the smear layers, but 35 % phosphoric acid, 10 % citric acid + 3 % ferric chloride, and 0.5 M EDTA 3-2 solution completely removed the smear layers so that could form resin tag.

치과주조용합금의 물성에 관한 비교연구

김철위,이용근 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of five gold-silver-palladium alloys, six H.E dental casting alloys, three dental casting nickel-chromium alloys, four porcelain metals and four dental casting cobalt-chromium alloys being used in Korea. The following properties were studied: Vicker's hardness, ultimate tensile strength, elongation rate, melting temperature and yield strength. These tests were performed according to the KDA Specification No. 6: Dental casting cobalt-chromium alloys, KSP 5101: Dental nickel-chromium alloy plate, RANSI/ADA Specification No. 5: Dental casting alloys, RANSI/ADA Specification No. 14: Dental base metal casting alloys, JIS T 6101: Dental casting gold-silver-palladium alloys, JIS T 6102: Dental nickel chromium alloy plate, ISO Specification No. 1562: Dental casting gold alloys and FDI Specification No. 7: Dental casting gold alloys. From the experiments, the following results can be drawn: 1) In case of the dental casting gold-silver-palladium alloys, the Vicker's hardness number was VHN 171 to VHN 229, the ultimate tensile strength was 633.1 ±148.5 MPa to 771.9 ±29.5 MPa, the elongation rate was 19.7% to 23.3%, the yield strength was 616.0+141.3 MPa to 751.0±20.4 MPa and the melting temperature range was 937℃ to 1,221℃. 2) In case of the H.E dental casting alloys, the Vicker's hardness number was VHN 120 to VHN 234, the ultimate tensile strength was 329.4 MPa to 681.5 MPa, the elongation rate was 14.0% to 38.9%, the yield strength was 304.9 MPa to 820.1 MPa and the melting temperature range was 899℃ to 1,125℃. 3) In case of the dental casting nickel-chromium alloys, the Vicker's hardness number was VHN 77 to VHN 106, the ultimate tensile strength was 473.6 ±34.0 MPa to 501.7 ±31.7 MPa, the elongation rate was 16.11% to 75.36% and the yield strength was 430.1 ±40.8 MPa to 450.9 ±48.6 MPa. 4) In case of the dental porcelain alloys, the Vicker's hardness number was VHN 206 to VHN 300, the ultimate tensile strength was 784.3 ±12.1 MPa to 1,114.8 ±24.5 MPa, the elongation rate was 20.40% to 39.10% and the yield strength was 749.2 ±11.3 MPa to 1,049.7 ±23.6 MPa. 5) In case of the dental casting cobalt-chromium casting alloys, the Vicker's hardness number was VHN 155 to VHN 266, the ultimate tensile strength was 671.8 ±339.8 MPa to 876.8 ±26.2 MPa, the elongation rate was 16.77% to 24.46% and the yield strength was 676.1 ±295.0 MPa to 841.7 ±34.6 MPa.

응급실에서 시행된 기관내 삽관의 현황

김병철,강보승,송형곤,이정훈,송근정,정연권 대한응급의학회 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Background : The purpose of this study was to analyze the endotracheal intubation cases performed in the emergency department. Methods : We investigated retrospectively 326 cases of endotracheal intubation performed in the emergency department of a tertiary care center form April 1, 1998 to March 31, 1999. We focused on operators, medications used, its success rate and immediate complications, and the relationship between its success rate and medications. Results : Of 326 consecutive intubations, 193 patients(59.2%) were done by emergency medicine residents or attending physician. While 320 patients(98.2%) were successfully intubated, 6 patients could not be intubated and 2 patients underwent tracheostomy. Of 50 cases of intubations(15.3%) attempted with paralyzing agents, 48 cases were done with succinylcholine and 46 cases underwent by emergency physicians. Intubations with neuromuscular paralysis resulted in high success rates at the first attempt. Of 55 immediate adverse events were encountered in 47 patients(desaturation=17, bronchial intubation=15, hypotension=8, bradycardia=4, cardiac arrest=2, others=5). Conclusion : At this institution, paralyzing agents were used infrequently, but almost all of them were used by emergency physicians.