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기백석 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.2
본 연구는 기백석과 이철원(1995)이 표준화한 한국판 노인 우울 척도(Geriatric Depression Scale Korea Version: GDS-K)의 단축형을 한국판 단축형 노인 우울 척도(Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version: GDSSF-K)으로 명명하고, 이를 표준화하기 위한 예비 연구를 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상는 60세 이상의 노인 260명이었으며 이 중 노인 우울증 환자가 176명, 정상 노인이 84명이었다. GDSSF-K 의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였고 요인구조를 확인하기 위하여 요인분석을 하였다. 그 결과 수정된 문항-총점간 상관의 중앙값은 r=0.65, 문항간 상관은 r=0.35, 반분신뢰도 상관계수의 평균은 0.85 및 Cronbach의 α계수는 0.88로 나타나서, 중등도 이상의 신뢰도가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 GDSSF-K의 시각적 안정성을 말해주는 검사-재검사 신뢰도도 r=0.93으로 나타나 매우 높은 것으로 증명되었다. 타당도에서는 GDSSF-K의 평균점수를 기준으로 정상 노인 집단과 우울 노인 집단을 t검증한 결과 두 집단간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 준거 관련 타당도가 높은 것으로 증명되었다. 구성타당도는 BDI와는 r=0.50, SDS와는 r=0.50으로 나타나 중등도 이상인 것으로 나타났다. GDSSF-K로 노인 우울증을 측정하는 경우 몇점을 기준으로 해야 하는지, 즉 절단점을 결정하기 위해서 민감도와 특이도를 분석한 결과 5점을 절단점으로 하는 경우 민감도가 42.3%, 특이도가 88.7%로 가장 적절한 것으로 생각된다. GDSSF-K의 요인구조를 확인하기 위하여 시행한 요인분석 결과, 2개의 요인이 추출되었으며 변량의 설명력은 57.6%였다. 요인 1은 '반 활력요인(anti-vitality factor)'으로 요인 2는 '우울요인(depression factor)'으로 명명하였다. 이러한 결과는 GDSSF-K가 한국 노인들의 우울증을 신뢰롭고 타당하게 측정할 수 있는 척도임을 증명하는 것으로 해석되었다. The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of a Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version(GDSSF-K), GDSSF-K, BDI and SDS were administered to 176 depressed elderly and 84 nondepressed elderly. The GDSSF-K was highly correlated with the BDI(r=0.50) and the SDS(r=0.50). The median correlation between items of the GDSSF-K and corrected-item total scores was 0.65, and the mean interitem correlation from the GDSSF-K was 0.35. The value of Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.88. The split-half reliability coefficient and test-retest correlation coefficient were 0.85 and 0.90 respectively. The results of testing the validity of the GDSSF-K examined by the t-test provided evidence for the validity of the scale(t=-7.07, d.f=224.87, p<0.001). The results of examining the sensitivity and the specificity of GDSSF-K were revealed that cut-off score of 5 yielded a 42.3% sensitivity rate and a 88.7% specificity rate. To identify the factor structure of GDSSF-K, we performed the factor analysis. As a result, we found 2 factors in GDSSF-K, which were labeled as anti-vitality factor(factor 1) and depression factor(factor 2). The total percents of variance of 3 factors were 57.6%. The suggestions of GDSSF-K and the cross cultural consideratons were discussed.
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奇柏錫,閉秉根 대한신경정신의학회 1981 신경정신의학 Vol.20 No.2
The present study w as intended to examine the delinquent adolescents’ runaway and to clar ify the relationship between the runaw ay and delinquency. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Subjects served for the study consisted of 757 delinquent adolescents in 4 juvenile corrective institutions sampled from 11 of those in Korea, using random sampling method. Their age range lay between 12 and 21. Results of the sutdy were presented below. 1. Among the sampled delinquent adolescents of 570 (male 520, female 50), respondents 369 adolescents (male 329, female 40) have had run away experiences. They showed some variation in the frequency of runaway. The adolescents experiencing runaway for only once were 129 (male 114, female 15), two to three times, 132 (male 117, fem ale 15), and four and more times, 118 (male 98, female 10). 2. Runaway drive was experienced by 58.3% of the respondents (“occasionally” 41.2%, “frequently” 17.196). Runaway behavior was experienced by 64.7% of the respondents (once 22.6% ,two to three times 23.2%, foure and more times 18.9% ). 3. The runaway drive was experienced by 56.9% of the males and 72.5% of the females. The runaway behavior was experienced by 63.396 of the males and 80.0% of the females. The females showed 1.3 times higher proportion in both runaway drive and runaway behavior compared with the males. The 18-21 age group showed the highest incidence of runaways. 4. Their self self-reported reasons for runaway were “family problem s” (21.5% ), “bad influences of peer group (18.7% ), “goingtd Seoul without definite object” (1.5.2%), “occupational problems” (12.0%) and “failure in school perform ance” (11.6 % ). The reason for runaway of the males were “bad influences of peer group” (19.8% ), “family problem ” (19.5%) and “going to Seoul without definite object” (15.5% ), and those of the females were “family probems” (37.5%) wheterosexual relationship” (12.5% ), “going to Seoul without definite object” (12.5%) and “bad influences of peer groups” (10.0% ). These implied that family problems ard frierd relsticnship were most importantly associated with delirqizent acolescents’ runaway. 5. Family problems perceived by delinquent adolescents influenced the runaway tehavior. This implied that the problems of family climate due to “parental disease” , “parent disharmony” and “alienation and distrust from parent” was related to the runaway behavior of delinquent adolescents.
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