Articulation Patterns of Children who Developed Articulation Disorders Associated with Ankyloglossia

박선영(Sun-Young Park),심선희(Sun-Hee Shim),장은실(Eun-Sil Jang),엄태훈(Tae-Hoon Eom),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),이순주(Soon-Ju Lee) 대한소아신경학회 2013 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.21 No.3

목 적 : 설소대와 조음장애의 관련성과 설소대 환아에서 조음장애 유무를 감별하는데 필요한 임상지침을 제시하기 위해 조음장애를 동반한 설소대 환아의 조음양상의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 의정부성모병원 소아청소년과 외래를 방문한 124명의 환아 중 설소대를 제외한 다른 조음기관의 해부학적 이상, 신경학적 질환이나 발달/언어지연을 가진 46명의 환아를 제외한 총 78명을 설소대 유무에 따라 각각 환자군 23명과 대조군 55명으로 나누어 그림자음검사를 통해 조음양상을 비교분석하였다. 결 과 : 두 군에서 조음오류를 보인 자음유형에 따라 집계한 각 환자수는 연구개비음의 경우에만 차이를 보였다. 하지만 자음유형에 따른 조음오류의 환자별 관찰빈도수의 총합은 양순파열음, 연구개파열음과 연구개비음에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 조음오류의 변화유형에 따라 집계한 환자수는 두 군에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 조음변화 유형에 따른 환자별 관찰빈도수의 총합은 환자군에서 전설음화와 마찰음화가 낮게 관찰되었고, 경음화와 격음화과 높게 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 설소대를 동반한 조음장애 환아의 일부에서 해부학적 이상을 동반하지 않은 기능적 조음장애 환아와 구별되는 특징을 보이는 결과를 관찰할 수 있었지만, 이를 설소대를 동반한 모든 조음장애 환아로 일반화할 수는 없었다. 따라서 설소대와 조음장애의 관련성은 여전히 논란의 여지가 있으며, 또한 수술적 치료를 포함한 설소대 치료를 결정하는데 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : We investigated articulation patterns in children with ankyloglossia who developed articulation disorders in order to determine the relationship between ankyloglossia and articulation disorders, and to clinically detect children who have articulation disorders associated with ankyloglossia. Methods : The participants of this study were 23 children with articulation disorders that accompanied ankyloglossia and 55 controls with functional articulation disorders independent of anatomical problems, who were admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2012. All children underwent speech-language pathologic evaluation using the Picture Consonant Articulation Test (PCAT; Young-Tae Kim, 1994). We retrospectively compared collected data between the subject and control groups using Fisher's exact test and odds ratio tests with a 95% confidential interval for categorical variables and the independent Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables. Results : The number of patients with articulation errors in the velar nasal was lower significantly only in the subject group (P =0.038). The total numbers of articulation errors in the bilabial plosive, velar plosive and velar nasal also were lower (P=0.007, P˂0.001, and P=0.034, respectively). There were no differences in the numbers of patients with articulation errors according to phonological changes between the two groups. However, the total numbers of fronting and frication were lower in the subject group (both P˂0.001), but the total numbers of plosivation and tensing were higher (P =0.002 and P =0.008, respectively). Conclusion : This study showed that the relationship between an articulation disorder and ankyloglossia is doubtful, although some results suggest that ankyloglossia may cause articulation errors only in certain individuals. Therefore, clinicians should be careful when determining the relationship between ankyloglossia and articulation disorders and use caution when making a treatment decision.

경연대회를 통한 초·중고생의 창의력 현황에 관한 연구

육근철,이희복,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,심규철,박종석,신영숙,박상태,변두원,김태균 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

21세기의 정보화 산업사회와 지식기반 사회에서 우리의 아이들이 자신의 목소리로 세계 속에서 살아가게 하기 위해서는 다른 사람과 다른 아이디어를 낼 수 있도록 교육의 틀을 바꾸지 않으면 안된다. 다라서 21세기의 미래 사회를 살아갈 학생들을 가르치는 교육의 현장 역시 창의적인 인간을 길러낼 수 있도록 변해야 한다. 즉, 미래 사회를 대비하기 위해서는 각 개인의 개성을 존중하는 분위기에서 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성해야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서, 학교 안에서의 교육뿐만이 아니라 학교 밖에서도 다양한 학습 경험을 통해서 교육 과정이 추구하는 인간상을 구현할 수 있도록 활동할 수 있는 기회가 학생들에게 제공되어야 한다. 창의력을 발휘하여 문제를 해결하는 능력을 기르기 위해서는 개별적이 아닌 여러 명의 동료가 주어진 과제를 해결할 수 있는 기회를 갖고 짧은 시간이 아닌 장시간 동안 고민하고 그 해결책을 찾는 활동을 가질 기회가 필요하다. In order to educate our students with their special talents for the informational and knowledge based age expected in the 21st century, we must improve our educational programs such that students are able to create their own fresh ideas. Hence the present educational environment should be changed such that they are willing to respect others' characters and personality with their own original ideas. Therefore, we must make them have the opportunity that they can acquire many experiences through the school education and the social education program, so that they may grow up to the person with the humanity and creativity. In this study we have suggested new educational program where students engage themselves in long term research projects with collaboration of the team and creativity of individuals.

비선형 시스템의 진화형 신경회로망 제어기의 구현

심영진,박두환,김태우,지석준,이준탁 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2000 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.8 No.1

The stabilization control of Inverted Pendulum(IP) system is difficult because of its nonlinearity and structural unstability. Futhermore, a series of conventional techniques such as the pole placement and the optimal control based on the local linearizations have narrow stabilizable regions. At the same time, the fine tunings of their gain parameters are also troublesome. Thus, in this paper, an Evolving Neural Network Controller(ENNC) which its structure and its connection weights are optimized simultaneously by Real Variable Elitist Genetic Algorithm(RVEGA) was presented for stabilization of an IP system with nonlinearity. This proposed ENNC was described by a simple genetic chromosome. And the deletion of neuron, the determinations of input or output neuron, the deleted neuron and the activation functions types are given according to the various flag types. Therefore, the connection weights, its structure and the neuron types in the given ENNC can be optimized by the proposed evolution strategy. And the proposed ENNC was implemented successfully on the ADA-2310 data acquisition board and the P-III microprocessor in order to stabilize the nonlinear system. initial values and the external disturbances applied to pendulum. Its main hardwares were made of the ADA-2310 data acquisition board and the P-III microprocessor. Through the simulation and experimental results, we showed that the finally acquired optimal PENNC was very useful in the stabilization control of nonlinear(IP) system.

CMIP을 이용한 침입관제 프레임워크 설계

沈永喆,朴恩英 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Recently the requirement for security is increasing because the number of intrusions is increasing. It is important to make all the security system cooperate in a large scale network, and the affects the overall structure of the whole system. To address these issues, it is required to develop a unified system which detects and analyzes intrusions in a large network. We use the approach in a network management for the interaction and cooperation of intrusion surveillance systems. In this thesis, we build ER-model for representing both the security policy and the network topology, and define MOs and MIBs of components of an intrusion surveillance system. We also propose an extension to the Common Intrusion Specification Language (CISL), the language adopted by CIDF, to model request among components of our system.

CROSS 공법을 이용한 폐수의 생물학적 처리에 관한 연구

박광하,심재도,권영두,강동수,김인호,정태명,황갑성 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

This study aims to develop using a continuous removal of organic and settling solid(CROSS) to increase the efficiency of aeration system for wastewater treatment. To solve many problems of the conventional activated-sludge process, authors suggested a new CROSS model in conjunction with aeration systems in 1996. This system is characterized by utilizing an intensive aeration pipe with inlets at the lower portion and outlets at the higher portion in an aeration tank. Through the experiments on CROSS process, the average removal efficiences of BOD, COD_(Mn), SS, T-N and T-P were showed 98.8%, 93.9%, 98.0%, 71.3% and 49.8%. The average DO (Dissolved-Oxygen) concentration was constantly maintained at 8.0 mg/L by the intensive aeration which was accompanied by rapid reduction of BOD. Degradation of the organic matters in sewage then continued for the whole aeration period. The process demonstrated that it was very adaptive without seeding and returning the sludge. Compared to the activated sludge system, the system was very flexible for the continuous flow treatment. This preliminary assessment showed that the porous media in CROSS reactor is viable for the sewage treatment, since the porous media under the intensive aeration achieves acceptable effluent quality.

Tetracycline 처리된 차폐막이 치은 섬유아세포에 미치는 영향

심재창,김영준,정현주,박병주 전남대학교 치과대학 1999 전남치대논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-treated e-PTFE membrane on the human gingival fibroblast attachment. To evaluate the cell attachment to membrane, the number of gingival fibroblast attached to e-PTFE membrane was counted by hemocytometer. Also the cytotoxic effect of tetracycline-treated e-PTFE membrane on human gingival fibroblast was measured by Wataha's MTT assay. After tetracycline-treated barrier membrane was exposed to culture media for 24 hours, cell attaachment to membrane and cytotoxic effect were measured. The results were as follows; As for cell proliferation rate, total cell number increase in both control group and tetracycline-treated e-PTFE membrane in course of time, but the cell numbers were decreased to half in tetracycline-treated barrier membrane as in the control group. In MTT assay, tetracycline-treated e-PTFE membrane showed moderate to weak cytotoxic effect compared to non-treated control. At the begining, tetracycline-treated, so was barrier membrane released abundant tetracycline and so decreased the number of cell attached barrier membrane, but not almost observed cellular activity inhibition on attached cell and as decreasing tetracycline-treated barrier membrane, the number of attached cell were increased. These results might suggest that tetracycline-treated e-PTFE membrane showed relatively low proliferation rate of attached cells, but weak cytotoxic effect. So it is suggested tetracycline-treated e-PTFE membrane could bind gingival connective tissue normally and the healing site could gain stability.

單相 4象限 CONVERTER 運轉

박종덕,심재명,김영달,전승구 大田産業大學校 1996 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.0201

In this paper, I have studied basic theory about the operation of single phase four-quadrant converter using MOSFET and theoretical study and efficient operation domain about each mode which is the operation of DC power mode and AC power mode. Especially I have done computer simulation about harmonic problems in conversion AC power and analysed this problem through the experiment. MOSFET in the converter has been used to make switching speed so fast for the purpose of decreasing lower harmonics in PWM. On the other hand, I have studied power-regeneration by experiment to convert 60Hz AC.

탄소섬유의 CVD-SiC 증착특성에 미치는 CH₃SiCl₃대 H₂의 비율의 영향

박병배,심환보,이보성,이영석,김종환 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.9 No.2

Chemical vapor deposition of SiC on carbon fibers was investigated to improve oxidation resistance of carbon fibers, which was performed at the horizontal hot-wall reactor using the reactant mixtures of CH₃SiCl₃and H₂ with carrier gas Ar. The chemical composition, oxidation resistance, and tensile strength of SiC-coated carbon fiber were investigated as functions of CH₃SiCl₃/H₂ ratio, reaction temperature, coating thickness, and so on. The composition of deposited layer revealed C rich β-SiC at low hydrogen concentration and Si rich β-SiC at high hydrogen concentration. Because Si rich β-SiC layer is easy to be converted into SiO₂ favorable to oxidation resistance, high input value of H₂/CH₃SiCl₃ mole ratio resulted in good oxidation resistance in the SiC coating layer of carbon fibers.

제주도 마래사상충 자충의 정기출현성 분석을 위한 수학적 검토

박영일,강신영,이순형,심태섭 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1981 中央醫大誌 Vol.6 No.2

The different periodicity of microfilariae of Brugia malayi in the blood has been observed by many investigators in the various areas. This study was undertaken to determine the periodicity of microfilaria in Cheju area, where malayan filariasis is endemic, and to compare author's results with that of calculating result from the data reported by Kim(1971). In this study, 9 microfilaria positive cases in Cheju area were analysed. For the mathematical analysis of periodicity pattern in the microfilaria positive cases in Cheju area, the model of Aikat & Das (1976) was applied to the observed data. The periodicity of the present data was distinctly nocturnal pattern in which the peak hour of microfilaria density was 01:37 a. m. and periodicity index was calculated to be 90.13% by using above mathematical model, while the inland area of Korea, the peak hour was at 00:34 a. m. and periodicity index was calculated to be 128.86%. On the base of the above mathematical analysis, it was clearly shown that there was almost no difference in peak hour and periodicity index between the two areas. Also it is certain that the periodicity pattern of Brugia malayi in Korea is tangibly nocturnal and is closely similar to that in the Penang strain of Malaya and Kerala strain of India.

가상현실 기법의 활용이 지식 성취도 향상에 미치는 효과 : 눈의 구조와 기능 내용을 중심으로 The Structure and Function of Eye

심규철,류수정,김현섭,김희수,박영철 한국과학교육학회 2003 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of present study was to develop teaching-learning materials based virtual reality technology(VRT), and to examine the effect of it on the knowledge achievement of biology. Authoring tool of virtual reality(VR) was 3D Webmaster made in Superscape Ltd., United Kingdom. Educational materials was developed for the structure and function of eye of life field in the 10th science. It was learner-directed and interactive educational material using the Web-based and desktop VR. The result showed a meaningful improvement on the achievement. Using 3D VR shows the potential of available education media in the next generation as science teaching-aided material, which especially was efficient in the understanding and perception of abstract or difficult to direct experience learning contents.