Delayed Hydride Crack Velocity of Zirconium Alloys with the Direction of an Approach to Temperature

KIM, Young Suk,KIM, Kang Soo,CHEONG, Yong Moo Atomic Energy Society of Japan 2006 Journal of nuclear science and technology Vol.43 No.9

<P>The delayed hydride cracking (DHC) tests were conducted on Zr-2.5Nb compact tension specimens with the test temperatures reached by a heating and a cooling. The Zr-2.5Nb specimens were either furnace-cooled or water-quenched after a hydrogen charging treatment to contain 10 to 100 ppm H. On an approach to the test temperatures by a cooling, both the Zr-2.5Nb specimens showed the DHC velocity increasing with an increasing temperature over a temperature range of 100–300°C, irrespective of the cooling rate. However, on an approach to the test temperatures by heating, the furnace-cooled Zr-2.5Nb showed a DHC arrest at temperatures over 180°C and no DHC at 250°C, and the water-quenched ones did have a DHC growth, even at 250°C. Using Kim’s DHC model we elucidate the DHC arrest in the furnace-cooled Zr-2.5Nb at temperatures over 180°C and the DHC growth in the water-quenched specimen, even at 250°C, upon an approach by a heating.</P>

Cisplatin과 Tobramycin이 白鼠 Corti器에 미치는 영향에 關한 電子 顯微鏡的 硏究 : Ultrastructural Study

김동환,신태균,김무강,김홍선,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.1

In order to study the morphological changes of Corti’s organ in the rat treated with cisplatin and tobramycin, thirty-three rats, weighing between 200∼250g, were used, and divided into 4 groups, i.e., 3 rats were used for control, and 30 rats were used for 3 experimental groups. Each experimental group was divided into cisplatin-treated, tobramycin-treated, and both cisplatin and tobramycin treated group with 10 rats. Rats were injected with a single dose of 7.7㎎/㎏ of cisplatin intraperitoneally and 50㎎/㎏/day of tobramycin for 2 days intramuscularly, respectively or both. Treated rats were sacrificed on the 3rd and 5th day after the first injection. Results were as follows; 1. Cisplatin-treated group: Outer hair cells of Corti’s organ were degenerated with the formation of vacuoles and appearance of lysosomes, however, inner hair cells showed mild vacuolization. 2. Tobramycin-treated group: NO pathological changes were found in Corti’s organ. 3. Combined cisplatin and tobramycin treated group: Outer and inner hair cells showed vacuolization, appearance of lysosomes, myelin figures and multivesicular body. There were also multivesicular body in the inner phalangeal cell and myelin figure in the Reissner’s membrance. 4. Degeneration of Corti’s organ in the combined treated group was more sever than those of the single cisplatin-treated or tobramycin-treated group. 5. NO pathological differences of Corti’s organ in duration of postinjection were manifested in any groups. It can be concluded that cisplatin induces toxicity to inner ear and cisplatin enhance toxicity more in continued treated with tobramycin.

Mirizzi 증후군의 변형된 분류와 치료

김형철,강길호,채만규,김성용,백무준,이문수,박상흠,이문호,김창호,송옥평,조무식,박희주 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Purpose : The Mirizzi syndrome is relatively rare and preoperative diagnosis of this disease is difficult. In 1978, Morelli suggested the subclassification of the Mirizzi syndrome into acute or chronic form. We experienced 5 cases of acute form. We analysed clinical features, preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings of 18 cases including acute forms which were diagnosed as Mirizzi syndrome and should suggest the modified classification of Mirizzi syndrome for choice of appropriate treatment. Method : From January 1995 to December 1998, 18 cases, of which 8 cases were diagnosed at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, and 10 cases were reported in the Korean Journal were retrospectively analysed with regard to clinical features, preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings. According to the clinical features, whole cases were divided into type Ⅰ(acute form) and type Ⅱ(chronic form) and then each type of cases were subclassified according to preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings. Results : Of 18 cases there were 5 cases in type Ⅰ(27.8%), 13 cases in type Ⅱ(72.2%). Type Ⅱb was most common. Type Ⅰa cases were treated only with cholecystectomy. We applied cholecystectomy, T-tube choledochostomy and patch technique in type Ⅰb and thpe Ⅰc cases. Cholectystectomies including removal of gallstones and internal drainage procedures were done in type Ⅱ chronic forms. Conclusion : The acute form(Type Ⅰ) of Mirizzi syndrome was suggested by Morelli might be subclassified into typeⅠa,Ⅰb and Ⅰc following the presence of the necrotic defect in common hepatic duct. Through the modified classification of Mirizzi syndrome based on clinical feature, preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings, we can choice appropriate treatment.

鷄胎의 成長에 미치는 Nicotine의 影響에 關한 硏究

金利敏,金武剛 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.1

In order to study the effects of the nicotine in each organs of the developing animal embryos, auther selected. the mated chick eggs which is very easy to treat many samples at same time and hatched in the incubator at the condition of the 38±0.5℃ and 75±5% relative humidities. In the 6th day of the hatching the hatched eggs were punctured by the needle, and physiological saline as a control and nicotine solutions of 0.412mg, 0.825mg, or 1.650mg diluted in avian physiological solution were injected into the chorioallantoic membrane of the hatched eggs which were punctured by the needle as a treated group. The control and each treated groups were broken in the hatched day of the 12th, 14th, 16th, and 18th. The weights of each brain, heart, lung, liver and kidney of each group were measured by the torsion balance reading to the second point below the zero gram. After then the arithmetical mean and its standard deviation were calculated in each organs of each steps with the measured organs. In order to get the theoretical growth quantities, author applied the growth formula and calculated the error between the arithmetical mean and theoretical growth quantities, the percentage of the error to the growth quantity, mean error percentage, initial grpwth quantities, initial growth velocity, growth power, ratio of growth quantity, growth rate, and specific growth rate. The obtained results were summarized as followings. 1. The mean errors were below 5% in all organs only except the kidney of 1. 650mg injected group which was about 10%. 2. The growth quantities of the each organs were decreased according to increasing the injected volume of nicotine. 3. The comparative indices between the ratio of the growth quantities in nicotine treated group to the control group were larger in the treated lung organ. 4. Growth rates of each organs in coincidences of time lapse were increased in the brain and heart of the control, and brain, heart and lung of the 1. 650mg injected group but decreased in all organs of each treated group except the former. 5. Specific growth rate were increased in the lung of the 1. 650mg injected group, and the lung of the control group, kidney of the 0. 412mg injected group, and lung and liver of the 0.825mg injected group 'were increased at first and decreased after that, but all other organs in each group except above cases were decreased.

각종 동물 설유두의 형태학적인 관찰

김홍선,김무강,김원식,이영호,신태균 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.2

The lingual papillae of the mouse, the rabbit, and the cat were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope The results were followings 1. The filiform papillae of the mouse were classified to typical filiform papillae, conical filiform papillae with 2 branched tips, and general conical filiform papillae. The outmost layers of the filiform papillae of the mouse keratinted well, middle layer of the anterior portion of the papillae appeaered a lot of small basophilic granules. The fungiform papillae existed between the filiform papillae with the peripheral folds of epithelia. A vallate papilla existed on the posterior portion of conical filiform papillae and their shape was lenticuiar. 2. The filiform papillae of the rabbit revealed various type (5 types). Keratin layer of the papillae existed vertical to long axis of the papillae on the posterior portion of the papillae. Stratified squamous epithelium on the anterior portion of the papillae existed with a few keratin layers and the intercellular materials of strong PAS positive reaction appeared between the these cells. The fungiform papillae of the rabbit existed between the filiform papillae and had a few peripheral folds. The foliate papillae of the rabbit existed on the lateral portion of tongue root, consisted of the paralleled folds. Taste buds located in the mid-lateral portion of the papillae concentrically. 3. The filiform papillae on the anterior portion of the cat tongue shaped anterior and posterior projection, the filiform palillae on the middle portion had a projections of columnar shape, which papillae surface appeared as onion surface. The conical filiform papillae on the posterior portion had many folds on the lower portion of the papillae. The fungiform papillae of the cat existed between the filiforr papillae with a columnar shaped projectionand proturded from the surface. The vallate papillae of the cat existed between the conical filiform papillae and their shape was typical form of vallate papillae.

MgCl₂溶液內에서 STS 304 HP Stainless Steel 熔接部의 破壞擧動에 對한 硏究

金永奭,丁太權,朴昌彦,洪錫柱,梁仁榮,金基玉,朴煥奎,李茂錫,曺圭宰,鄭在康 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1983 生産技術硏究 Vol.1983 No.-

This paper is based on an experiment analysing the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of welding specimens compared to that of non-welding specimens of STS 304 HP stainless steel in corrosion solution. As a corrosion condition, stainless steel has been known to be the most fragile in a solution of 42% MgCl₂heated to the boiling point, therefore the experiment was carried out in this condition. The experiment was carried out with argon gas TIG welding specimens and non-welding ones made of stainless steel plates, thickness 2mm, by tensile force. At this time, the tensile force was taken to be the value of the yield strength of the tensile test specimens divided by the safety factor of 3.0 to 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. In this paper, the relations between Time of Initial Crack, Time of Failure, Time of Final Fracture and Crack Propagation Length were investigated and then plotted. Furthermore, the relations between Stress Intensity Factor K proposed by Irwin and the Time of Initial Crack, the Time of Failure, the Time of Final Fracture were calculated and plotted. At the last, all the relations plotted were expressed to normal equations by computer, and the equations were used to analyse the data obtained in the experiment. The conclusions obtained in this study are as follows: 1. Welding materials, compared with non-welding ones, as the Time of Initial Crack, the Time of Failure, and the Time of Final Fracture were generally very fast, appeared to be a phenomenon of unstable brittleness fracture. 2. Non-welding materials, compared with welding ones, as the safety factor was larger or the working stress was smaller, appeared to be a phenomenon that the longer had had greater durability. Therefor, welding materials must be considered enough to be used in heate affected and stress corrosion atmosphere. 3. The normal equations of the Time of Initial Crack and the variation rate to the same Stress Intensity Factor K are as follows: (A) Non-welding T =259702.4-5451.2 K+28.386 K² T = -5451.2+28.386 K (B) Welding T= -332.693+28.043 K-0.211 K² T' =28.043-0.211 K here, T; Time of Initial Crack, T'; Variation Rate of Time of Initial Crack to Stress Intensity Factor K, K ; Stress Intensity Factor.

지역병원에서 다발성 손상환자 후송시에 문제점

김영식,안무업,임경수,황성오,조남천,강성준 대한응급의학회 1992 대한응급의학회지 Vol.3 No.2

A prospective review of 53 multiple injured patients(ISS≥16) initially treated at local community hospitals and subsequently transported more than 50km to referral emergency center was completed. All injury mechanisms were blunt, and among them traffic accidents occupied the 54.7%. Revised Trauma Score ranged from 0 to 12 (mean, 10.4) and Injury Severity Score ranged from 16 to 50 (mean, 24.3). No prior notification of patient transfer to the referring facility were received in 52(98.1%) cases, and absent or very incomplete record were evident in 44 (83.0%) cases. The quality of care during initial stabilization and transport was evaluated by ATLS guideline for airway management, cervical immobilization, breathing support, treatment of shock, fracture immobiliaztion, neurologic evaluation, secondary assessment, life-threatening deficiencies were identified in 10(18.9%) patients and serious deficiencies in 32(60.4%). Most frequent departures from these standards involved failure to place a nasogastric tube before transport(58.5%), inadequate breathing support(30.2%), inadequate cervical immobilization(24.5%) and inadequate shock treatment(17.0%). This study demonstrates the need for education of emergency physicians about priorities in trauma management and ATLS courses. Furthermore guidelines for transport and interhospital communication must be established in rural area.

成長에 따른 肝細胞의 量的 變化에 關한 硏究

金武剛,金源式 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.1

To evaluate the morphological and functional changes of the hepatic cells of hybrid chick according to its growing stages, the volume of cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus were measured in 10 specimens of each group; the group of 2nd day, 14th day, 2nd month, 5th month and the group of 11th month after hatching. The results were as follows; 1. The volume of nucleus and nucleolus was increased from the 2nd day to the 14th day after hatching (actively growing period) and from the 5th month to the 11th month after hatching (the period of hypertrophy). The volume chage of cytoplasm appears oppositely to that of nucleus and nucleolus. 2. The nucleoplasmic index was increased at actively growing period and the period of hypertrophy, and the ratio of nucleolar volume to nuclear volume was increased at actively growing period, but unchanged at the period of hypertrophy.

가토의 하악골 연장에서 잠복기간 단축의 영향

김용하,설정현,최준혁,강무석 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.5

To evaluate the effect of shortening the latent period for distraction osteogenesis, the authors experimented with distraction osteogenesis for a 24-hour latent period in the mandibles of rabbits. This study was carried out on 32 New Zealand white rabbits, each weighting 2000 to 2500 gm. Twenty animals were used for the control group and 12 for the experimental group. A unilateral external fixation device was applied to the left mandible. The mandibles were lengthened at 1 mm per 24 hours for 10 days. Five rabbits from the control group and three from the experimental group by random selection were sacrificed on the first day, and at the second, fourth and eighth week of the consolidation period. After lengthening bone densities at the site of the left mandibular bony lengthening were measured by quantitative computer tomography (QCT) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). As a result, the DXA value showed no difference compared to the control group after two week's consolidation. The trabeculae were thicker and had begun to be surrounded by lamellar bone both in the control and experimental groups histologically. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the osteogenetic effect in the experimental group was nearly the same as in the control group. If stable fixation and minimal periosteal dissection were performed during the procedure, the latent period would not be an important factor in distraction osteogenesis of membranous bone.

저장 온도 및 상대습도가 비타민 정제 중 지용성 비타민 함량의 변화에 미치는 영향

김동섭,이재황,김세곤,이동언,박석준,이진희,이강표,최성원,백무열 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1