Rocuronium의 애별투여방법이 모지내전근의 이완에 미치는 영향

최영균,김승수,이원진,조광래,이상은,김영환,임세훈,이정한,이근무,정순호,김영재,신치만 인제대학교 2009 仁濟醫學 Vol.30 No.-

Objective : There are controversies in pnmmg technique of rocuronium whether it can or can't shorten the onset time. We want to compare the effects of two different priming doses and intervals of rocuronium. Materials and Methods : After giving propofol, 50 patients were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Group I received a placebo, followed 3 min later by rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. Priming doses and intervals of Group II, Ill, N, V were 0.06 rng/kg and 2 min, 0.12 mg/kg and 2 min, 0.06 rug/kg and 3 min, 0.12 mg/kg and 3 min, respectively. Total dose of rocuronium was 0.6mg/kg. Train of four (TOF) count or ratio and 1st twitch height of TOF (T1) were monitored with 15 secondsintervals. TOF ratio of each groups just before bolus injection, duration for TOF count to reach zero and duration for Tl to reach 95% depression after bolus injection were compared. Results : Duration for TOF count to reach zero and duration for Tl to reach 95% depression after bolus injection were decreased in priming groups compared to Group 1 (P < 0.01) In group V, significant depression of TOF ratio just before bolus injection was seen (P < 0.05). Conclusion : Priming technique with rocuronium is effective method to shorten the onset of neuromuscular block. But priming dose of rocuronium itself could cause hypoxia and aspiration in awake patients and should be used carefully. Priming dose of rocuronium 0.06 mg/kg and 2 minutes interval maybe relatively safe method.

수부 주상골 요부의 전위골절에 대한 수술적 치료

조용만,이영기,강흥식,리건영,이천동,오상수 대한골절학회 1997 대한골절학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The authors surveyed the clinical study of 17cases of scaphoid fractures from March 1989 to September 1994 with minimal I year follow up at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lee-Rha general Hospital. The following conclusions were obtained through clinical survey. l. Of all l 7 cases, they were l3 males and 4 females; Among the 13 males, 10 cases were aged between 20 and 39 years. forming 56.8% of all. 2. All 17 cases were treated by open reduction. Unions were obtained at average l l.5 weeks in 7 cases treated with Herbert screw fixation and l 2 weeks in l 0 cases treated with K-wire fixation. 3. Two of ten K-wire treated cases resulted in delayed union, one of seven Herbert screw treated cases resulted in delayed union. 4. Unions were obtained at average 20 weeks in 3 cases of delayed union. We concluded that open reduction and K-wire fixation were recomanded for the compatible treatment method of displaced waist fracture of scaphoid.

독립과 상관된 레일리 페이딩 채널하에서 최대비 합성 다이버시티의 성능평가

이성신,정주수,변건식 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2004 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.1

In this paper describes a mathematical model for fading and quantitatively describes the effects of fading on the BER of digital communications systems. And the describes the diversity combinding techniques used to combat the destructive effects of fading and quantitatively describes the SNR gain achieved due to diversity. And this paper simulates maximal ratio combining(MRC) in dependent and correlated Rayleigh fading channels. While channel correlation is a key factor in the performance of linear combining, significant performance improvement can still be achieved with correlated fading channels.

Lead Germanate 단결정의 초음파 감쇠

이수대,채건식,김영국,설정식 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1989 硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The temperature dependence of the ultrasonic velocity of 10 MHz and the absorption coefficient in the 10-30MHz range by the pulse echo method were determined in lead germanate single crystal. The velocity of longitudinal 10 MHz ultrasound along the c axis changed anomalously at the phase transition point and the jump was approximately 50m/sec. Near Curie point, the relaxation time and the kinetic coefficient of electric polarization from the Landau-Khalatnikov theory were calculated as ?? sec and ??, respectively. At room temperature, the viscosity tensor were measured as, ?? in the MKS units.

국제기구 및 외국에서 농산물중 농약잔류 허용기준의 설정절차

이미경,홍무기,박건상,최동미,임무혁,이서래 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.1

This study was undertaken to find out necessary measures to improve the tolerance setting system of pesticide residues on food crops in Korea which is scientifically reasonable and harmonizable with international standards. Information on tolerance setting systems of pesticide residues by Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Meeting of Experts on Pesticide Residues, USA, EU, Japan and Taiwan was collected and analyzed. On the basis of information in the above countries, necessary actions to be taken by the Korean regulatory authorities were recommended with respect to priority setting, maximum residue limits (MRLs) setting based on field residue data, group MRLs, minor crop problems, quantitation limit and dietary intake assessment.

Al/p - Si MIS 형 태양전지의 물성에 관한 연구

이수대,채건식,설정식,김영국,김일홍 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1989 硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The metal-thin insulating film-semiconductor structure is currently receiving much attention in solar cell studies. In this a MIS solar cell consisting of aluminum on single and poly silicon with an interfacial oxide layer(∼20Å) have been fabricated by vacuum evaporation method and found a good reproducibility. Recent studies show the importance of surface and interfacial oxide thickness. An interfacial of 20∼30Å is optimum and may be achieved by furnace heating to 600℃ in 800cc/min O₂flow. These cells have good rectification with forward and reverse voltage under dark condition. The best Al/p-Si Si solar cell has an open circuit voltage Voc=0.4V, short circuit current density Isc=30mA/㎠, fill factor FF=0.58 and conversion efficiency η=10% for single crystal, and Voc=0.33 V, Isc=30mA/㎠, FF=0.49 and η=5% for poly crystalline silicon substrates for 70mA/㎠ irradiation of AM₂.

소규모 제조업에서 재해발생과 사업장 특성간의 관련성 분석

이건세,김형수,,장성훈,정최경희,오원기,최재욱,이관형,오지영 大韓産業醫學會 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적: 소규모 제조업 사업장의 재해 발생 유무에 따른 사업장 조직 특성을 비교하여 재해 발생과 관련된 요인을 사업장 수준에서 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 한국산업안전공단이 실시한 2004년도 산업안전 보건 동향조사 자료 중 5인 이상 50인 미만 제조업 1,886개 사업장(가중치를 부여하여 추정한 모집단 사업장은 65,921개)의 재해(산재 및 공상, 경상 포함) 발생 여부와 사업장의 조직 특성(일반적 특성, 고용특성 및 산업안전보건 특성)간 다변량 분석을, 사업장의 일반적 특성은 지역, 산업형태, 업종 등이며, 고용특성은 전체 근로자중에서 생산직 근로자의 분포, 여성근로자의 분포, 1주일 평균 근로시간, 교대근무 등이며, 산업안전보건 특성은 안전관리자/보건관리자의 선임형태, 산업안전보건위원회, 노동조합, 매월 정기안전보건교육시간, 안전보건관리 규정, 안전보건활동 점수, 안전문화 점수 등이다. 결과: 다변량 분석결과 재해가 발생한 사업장이 갖는 특성은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 사업장의 일반적 특성에서 지역별로는 경인권에 비해 전라권, 산업형태 면에서 원청에 비해 사외협력업체, 업종별로는 전자부품/통신에 비해 코크스/석유정제업, 목재/나무제품업, 음식료품, 조립 금속제품에서 위험도가 높았다. 둘째, 사업장의 고용 특성에서는 전체 구성원 중에서 생산직 근로자가 증가할수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 여성근로자의 증가할수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 감소하였다. 주당 근무시간이 증가할수록 재해 발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 교대 근무와 사업장의 재해발생과는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 셋째, 사업장의 산업안전보건 특성에서는 안전관리자가 전임으로 근무할수록, 산안전보건위원회가 활발히 활동할수록, 노동조합이 설립될수록, 안전보건규정이 갖추어지지 않을수록, 정기보건교육시간이 많을수록, 안전문화수준이 낮을수록 재해발생 사업장이 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론: 소규모제조업에서 사업장의 조직 특성에 따라 사업장 재해율이 다름을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 산업재해의 예방을 위해서는 근로자 요인이외에도 사업장 수준에서의 관련요인에 대한 접근이 필요함을 의미한다. Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between injury occurrence and workplace organization in small-sized, manufacturing factories in Korea. Methods: Using data from the 2004 Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea, this study compared workplace organizational factors (general characteristics, employee characteristics and health and safety characteristics) with injury occurrence of 1,866 small-sized, manufacturing factories (65,921 population factories after weighting). General characteristics of factories comprised location, type and classification of industry. Employee characteristics comprised proportion of manual workers and female workers, average working hours per week and shiftwork. Health and safety characteristics comprised type of safety and health manager, committee for occupational safety and health, labor union, health and safety regulation, monthly health and safety training time, score of health and safety activity and score of safety culture. Results: The following characteristics of injury-occurrence in small-sized, manufacturing factories were determined by multivariate analysis. In terms of general characteristics, the risk of injury-occurrence was higher in Jeolla area than Gyeongin area in outside associate than other enterprises and in coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel, wood and products of wood, food products and beverages and fabricated metal products, except machinery and furniture industries than television and communication equipment and apparatus industries. In terms of employee characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with greater proportion of manual worker and with a higher rate of working hours per week. But significantly decreased in factories with a higher proportion of female workers. In terms of health and safety characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with a self-appointed safety manager, with unorganized union, with a more active committee for occupational safety and health, with unimplemented health and safety regulation, with longer monthly safety and health training time, and with a lower score of safety culture. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that several factors of workplace organization were significantly related with injury-occurrence in factories. These findings are supposed to raise the need for making effort in workplace organization to improve injury prevention.

개선된 Bridgman법으로 성장한 Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8+δ) 單結晶의 초전도성

채건식,손인호,설정식,이수대,김영국,전동성,오재근,강성욱 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 환경연구 Vol.17 No.-

The Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) single crystals are grown from the melt using a stoichiometric starting composition fer the cautions. The size and thickness of the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) crystals depends on the cooling rate. The lower the cooling rate, the bigger and thicker the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) crystals become. Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) X-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements of the single crystals were carried out using the radiation source of Cu Kα . In these Patterns only the (0,0,2n) diffraction appeared. The result indicated that the cleared surface of the single crystal was of the a-b face, and that the single crystal had a single phase without any undergrowth with 7K and 85K phases. In addition, although the figure is not shown, XRD patterns from (006) to (00□) were observed in the range of 2θ=0 to 60 degrees. The characterization of as-grown single crystals have been analyzed by Laue X-ray backsdattering along the c-axis and X-ray precession experiments. The result of magnetic moment vs Tc in 10 Gauss for a crystals were measurements indicated that the samples have a superconducting transition temperature of 85K.

마산시 일원의 소음분포 특성에 관한 연구

채건식,이수대,오상범,김희숙,박옥수 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1992 환경연구 Vol.14 No.-

In our study, the noise levels of the schools, the hospitals and the apartment complexes located near the main street in Masan city were computed by the computer simulation method. The sourse of noise were mainly traffic noise. The noise level chart was attained and compared with the values which was investigated in 1988. The noise values of hospitals, schools and apartment complexes were generally increased by 0 ~3 dB over those of 1988. The noise volues of twenty nine schools, seven hospitals, twenty two apartments and twenty three apartment complexes were higher than the international allowance(55dB) for city. But the noise levels of eighteen schools(62%), tow hospitals(29%), nine apartments(41%) and five apartment complexes(22%) were low than our national allowance(65dB) for city. The noise problems of three hospitals, six cohools, thirteen apartments, and nine apartment complexes were very critical. We have suggested possible improvement methods for the noise problems of the traffic.

친수성으로 표면개질한 폴리설폰막의 투과플럭스

송근호,김강희,조성헌,이광래,임종호,배성수 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.1

실관막형 폴리설폰 막의 표면을 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate(HEMA)로 코팅하였으며, 코팅인자들인 azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN)/HEMA 성분비, 용매의 종류(물, 메탄올), UV 조사시간 등이 투과플럭스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. AIBN/HEMA/ 메탄온ㄹ 용액으로 코팅한 막이 AIBN/HEMA 성분비가 높고, UV 조사시간이 길수록 투과플럭스가 높았다. AIBN/HEMA 성분비가 낮으면 동일한 투과플럭스를 얻기 위하여 UV조사시간을 더 길게 하여야 하며, 특정한 AIBN/HEMA 성분비와 UV 조사시간에서 코팅한 막의 투과플럭스는 원래의 막(코팅하지 않은 막)보다 높게 나타났다. 또한, 오일에멀젼에 의한 fouling은 코팅한 막과 원래의 막에 모두 나타났지만, 코팅한 막의 fouling이 원래의 막 보다 현저히 낮았다. 즉, fouling 발생 후 코팅한 막의 수투과 플럭스(0.2683g/㎠ㆍmin)는 코팅하지 않은 막(0..448g/㎠ㆍmin)보다 약 6배 이상으로 높게 유지되었다. A hollow-fiber type polysulfone UF membrane was surface-coated with 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate(HEMA). The effect of various coating paramters on permeation flux was investigated, such as concentration ratio of Azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN)/HEMA, solvent (water or methanol), and UV irradiation time. The membrane coated with a solution of AIBN/HEMA/methanol showed about 2.65 times higher water flux than that coated with a solution of AIBN/HEMA/water. The membrane coated with a solution of higher AIBN/HEMA ratio and a longer UV irradiation time exhibited a higher permeation flux. The membrane coated with a solution of lower AIBN/HEMA ratio needed a longer UV irradiation time for coating to get a same level of permeation flux. In order to have a greater permeation flux than uncoated membrane, the membrane should be coated with a solution of a certain AIBN/HEMA ratio and UV irradiation time. The fouling by oil emulsion occurred to both of the coated and the uncoated membrane. However, the fouling of coated membrane was much less than uncoated one; the water flux(0.2683g/㎠·min)through the coated membrane was about 6 times higher than that(0.0558g/㎠·min) through the uncoated membrane.