뇌관류법으로 평가한 디곡신 및 벤질페니실린 등의 유기음이온 약물의 혈액-뇌 관문 투과기전

강영숙,이경민 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2002 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.18 No.-

Recently multispecific organic anion transporting polypeptides (oatps; oatpl, oatp2, oatp3) have been isolated from rat brain. Although these localizations at brain have been found that oatpl situated at apical plasma membrane of choroid plexus, oatp2 located at basolateral cells pole of choroid plexus and endothelial cells of blood-brain barrier (BBB), there were no in vivo evidences about the localization of oatp2. On the purpose of evaluating in vivo evidences that oatps are located at BBB, an in situ rat brain perfusion technique was performed by time courses 15 sec, 1 min (4 ml/min) and 5 min (1.25 ml/min) with using some organic anions such as [³H]digoxin, [³H]ouabain and [³H]benzylpenicillin, respectively and with efflux inhibitors such as verapamil or taurocholate sodium. In the case of digoxin, brain uptake of [³H]digoxin (brain volume of distribution, V_(D)) was higher than V_(D) of [³H]ouabain (less than 2.0 μl/g) and the effect of adding an efflux inhibitor, verapamil, was remarkable. Also, in the case of benzylpenicillin, the value of V_(D) of [³H]benzylpenicillin when perfused with unlabelled benzylpenicillin (at 1 mM of benzylpenicillin) showed higher (29.1 ± 2.9 μl/g) than V_(D) of [³H]benzylpenicillin alone (21.7 ± 1.7 μl/g) and the BBB permeability-surface area product (PS) of [³H]benzylpenicillin was significantly increased to 1.5 fold when perfused with verapamil or taurocholate sodium, respectively. These results suggest in vivo evidences of the presence of oatps and the efflux/transport relationship at the BBB.

사료원료 공급량 및 스크류 회전속도를 달리하여 제조한 배합사료가 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

김경덕 ( Kyoung Duck Kim ),김강웅 ( Kang Woong Kim ),이봉주 ( Bong Joo Lee ),배기민 ( Ki Min Bae ),안철민 ( Cheul Min An ),한현섭 ( Hyun Sob Han ) 한국수산과학회 2014 한국수산과학회지 Vol.47 No.5

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet extruder conditions, such as feed-loading rate and screw speed, on growth performance and biochemical responses in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Over 8 wks, we used four identical diets (triplicated per treatment) with differing ratios of feed-loading rate (kg/h):screw speed (rpm/min) in a laboratory-scaled twin-screw extruder of 50:640, 80:640, 120:640, and 80:400, designated as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, respectively. Screw speed impacted the buoyancy of experimental diets. Diets produced at a screw speed of 640 rpm/min floated for > 24 hrs, whereas those produced at a speed of 400 rpm/min sank between 10 s and 5 min. Fish that were fed EP1 and EP4 diets grew significantly faster than those fed EP2 and EP3 diets. Fish fed EP1 diets ate and gained weight most efficiently among treatments, a result that is likely to be related to feed-loading rate, i.e., ingredients extruded at a low feed-loading rate may have more time to cook in the pre-conditioner of the extruder. A cooked diet may be easier to digest in fish. Fish fed EP4 diets also showed significant weight gain, as compared to those fed EP2 and EP3 diets. However, we found no differences among treatments in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle, liver, and viscera of fish. Our results suggest that extruder conditions, may influence feed quality, impacting feed efficiency and growth of fish.

치과용 임플란트 적용을 위한 항균력을 가진 티타늄 표면의 평가

강민경 ( Min Kyung Kang ),문승균 ( Seung Kyun Moon ),김경남 ( Kyoung Nam Kim ) 한국치위생과학회 2011 치위생과학회지 Vol.11 No.5

The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial effect of Cl coated titanium. To coat the Cl on the titanium, first, the titanium was modified by blasting treatment with hydroxyapatite and alumina powder. Anodization process was completed using electrolyte solution of 0.04 M β-glycerol phosphate disodium salt n-hydrate, 0.4 M calcium acetate n-hydrate and 1 M NaCl on the condition of 250 voltages for 3 min. Surface morphology and elements` observation were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy and surface profiler was used to analyze the surface roughness. Antibacterial effect was evaluated by film adhesion method. The anodized titanium after blasting showed dimpled surface contained the Cl. Surface average roughness of these surfaces had significantly higher compared to polished titanium. Result of antibacterial test showed that anodized titanium after blasting had an enhanced antibacterial effect compared to the polished titanium. Therefore, these results suggested that titanium contained Cl by anodization after blasting had a rough surface as well as antibacterial effect.

단신 : 실리콘의 염소화반응에 의한 사염화규소 제조

박균영 ( Kyun Young Park ),이미선 ( Mi Sun Lee ),김민철 ( Min Cheol Kim ),이찬희 ( Chan Hee Lee ),박회경 ( Hoey Kyung Park ),강태원 ( Tae Won Kang ),정해성 ( Hae Seong Jeong ),한경아 ( Kyoung Ah Han ),허원회 ( Weon Hoe Huh ),유지 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.3

직경 25 mm의 파이렉스 튜브 내에서 실리콘의 유동층 염소화 반응이 수행되었다. 반응기에 공급되는 질소 유량0.8~1.0 L/min, 염소 유량 0.2 L/min, 반응온도 450℃, SiCl4 응축기의 냉매온도는 -5℃로 설정하였다. 반응기에 도입되는 가스 내 염소의 몰분율이 증가하면 SiCl4의 수율이 증가하였다. 반응가스 중 염소의 몰분율 0.2의 조건에서 SiCl4의 수율은 28% 이었다. 염소의 몰분율 증가는 반응열 상승에 의해 반응온도 상승을 가져옴으로써 안전을 고려하여 염소의 몰분율을 0.2 이상으로 올리지 못했다. 실리콘의 유동층 염소화 반응에 의한 사염화실리콘의 제조 가능성이 입증되 었으며, 향후 보다 가혹한 조건에서의 실용화 연구를 위한 기초로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The chlorination of a metallurgical-grade silicon was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, 25 mm in diameter. The flow rate of the chlorine admitted into the reactor was 0.2 L/min and that of the carrier nitrogen was 0.8~1.0 L/ min. The reactor temperature was maintained at 450℃ and the temperature of the coolant at the SiCl4 condenser was at -5℃. The SiCl4 yield increased with increasing the mole fraction of chlorine in the feed gas, exhibiting 28% at the mole fraction of 0.2. Further increase of the chlorine mole fraction was not attempted in a worry that the reactor might be failed due to the high exothermicity of the reaction. The production of SiCl4 from silicon by fluidized bed chlorination was demonstrated on a laboratory scale, which is a stepping stone for future studies under more severe conditions toward industrial application.

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

한국 재래종 벼 품종의 이삭특성 및 형태

강희경,오민교,박용진 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

우리나라 재래종 벼 197품종과 생태형이 다른 자포니카 7품종, 인디카 3품종 및 통일형 5품종의 벼를 공시하여 각 품종의 이삭 특성을 밝히고 이들 형질간의 상관관계를 검토하였으며 특성에 따른 이삭형태의 분류를 실시하였다. 1. 재래종 벼 품종의 이삭 길이는 22.4 .05㎝, 현미의 천립중은 21.7 .35g로 자포니카와 비교하여 천립중은 같았으나 이삭 길이는 1.6㎝ 더 길었다. 2. 재래종 벼 품종의 1차지경 착생립수와 비율은 67.5 1.9립과 43.7 .14%이었고, 2차지경 착생립수와 비율은 91.2 0.7립과 56.3 .14%이었으며, 총립수는 158.1 5.8립으로 자포니카보다 44립 정도 더 많았다. 3. 재래종 벼 품종 현미의 장폭비는 1.70 .19로 자포니카와 유사하였으며 장립종도 몇 품종 존재하였다. 4. 1차지경 평균착생립수 각 절위별 2차지경수 및 2차지경 평균착생립수에 의한 재래종 벼 품종의 이삭형태를 분류한 결과 2차지경립 착생 하위우세형인 Ⅰ형에 2%, Ⅱ형에 10.7%, 중위우세형인 Ⅲ형에 67.5%, Ⅳ형에 18.3% 및 상위우세형인 Ⅴ형에 1.5%가 분포하였으며, 특히 1차지경 평균착생립수 5.1-5.5개의 Ⅲ형에 가장 많이 분포하였다. 5. 각 형질간의 상관관계에서 총립수와 2차지경 착생립수(0.921), 착립밀도와 평균 2차지경수(0.635)간에는 고도로 유의한 정의 상관이 인정되었다. The traits related to panicle are very important in improving the grain yield in cereals including rice. Characterization of panicle traits was conducted using 197 rice varieties of Korean landrace, 7 cultivars of Japonica, 3 cultivars of Indica and 5 cultivars of Tongil type to classify panicle types by distribution patterns of grains on panicle. In Korean landrace, average length of panicle and 1000-grains' weight of brown rice was 22.4±2.05㎝ and 21.7±2.35 g, respectively. Compare with Japonica. Iandrace was similar in 1000 grains' weight, but with a more longer panicle. Higher number of grains on each panicle (44 grains), was observed in landrace relative to the Japonica of rice. Panicle type was classified into five groups according to the number of grains on the primary rachis-branch, number of grain on the secondary rachis-branch and number of the secondary rachis-branches. According to panicle type based on distribution of grains, landrace was classified into five types. Most of the landrace grouped into panicle type Ⅲ, which is characterized as having many grains on the secondary rachis-branch in the middle position of panicle. Especially, frequency of panicle type Ⅲ which have 5.1-5.5 grains on the primary rachis-branch was higher than any other panicle type. In the case of correlation coefficient among panicle traits, highly positive significant correlations were observed in number of grain per panicle versus number of grains on the secondary rachis-branch(0.921) and in density of grain per unit panicle length versus number of secondary rachis-branch(0.635)

초·중등교사의 여가참여유형과 생활만족도와의 관계분석

강경빈,최용민 한국스포츠리서치 2001 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.12 No.4

The Purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the types of Leisure Participation and Life Satisfaction of Teachers in Mokpo and Naju City. Specifically, it aims to examine (1) the types of Leisure Participation of teachers, (2) differences in the types of Leisure Participation by the Socio-demographic factors, (3) differences in the Life satisfaction by the Socio-demographic factors, (4) differences in the Satisfaction by the type of Leisure Participation. The subjects of the study were sampled 4 elementary schools, 5 middle schools, and 4 high schools in Mokpo and Naju City. There were 318 Male teachers and 140 female teachers. The questionnaire was used to collect the data It consisted of 28 question : 7 questions for Socio-demographic data, 3 questions for Leisure participation. 18 questions for Life Satisfaction. The reliability of the questionnaire ranged from, 6290 to, 8187 as Cronbach & values. The background variables of the school, sex, age and income. The independent variables were the type of Leisure Participation. The dependent Variables were Life Satisfaction. The data were analyzed with Frequency Analysis, CHi-sguare Analysis, and Analysis. The findings of the study (1) Participation in Sports & Health Activity as tennis and mountain climbing were most participated, (2) The socio-demographic factors related to type of Leisure participation, (3) The Socio-demographic factor related to Life Satisfaction was age, but School, sex, and income were not related to Life Satisfaction, (4) The differences in the Life Satisfaction was showed by the type of Leisure Participation. The more participate the Sports & Health Activity as the dynamic Activity the more get the Life Satisfaction. It was concluded that Socio-demographic factors and the type of Leisure Participation in School Teachers played a significant role enhancing directly the quality of Life through increasing the degree of Life satisfaction.

중·고등학교 축구 선수들의 스트레스요인에 관한 연구

강경빈,박동철,박진민 목포대학교 스포츠산업 연구소 2006 스포츠 산업연구소 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

This study was designed to make coaches of football teams in middle and high schools understand stressors of their athletes, build scientific and systematic training program, minimize negative damages of psychological factors and improve their competition. It examined stressors experienced by football players in middle and high schools, sought solutions, provide environment for voluntary participation in sports activities for improving quality of life as well as their competition and aimed to enhance development of their identity through self-realization. For the purpose of achieving these goals of research, it analyzed the following; first, difference in stress by school, second, difference in stress by grade, third, difference in stress by career, fourth, difference in stress by result or award, fifth, difference in stress by family income and sixth, difference in stress by position. This study selected 200 football players in 10 middle schools and 300 players in 4 high schools in Gwangju and Jeonnam regions as the subjects of research. It conducted questionnaire with these subjects using self-administered method and collected it there immediately. As a result of reliability analysis, it was found that game factor was .655, competition, .608, non-sports obstacles, .676, decision-making, .570, others’ expectation, .632, team cohesion, .679, training, .708, competition anxiety, .704 and family factors, .660. Data were processed with SPSS 11.0, frequency analysis was conducted for examining demographic characteristics, t-test was conducted to analyze difference in stress among athletes, one-way ANOVA was performed to verify differential of average values by grade, career, award, family income and position and significance level was set to a < .05. This study obtained the following conclusions through these research procedures. First, it was found that decision-making, team cohesion and family factors had a significant influence on stress by school. Middle school football players had more stress by decision-making and team cohesion than high school football players. High school football players had more stress by family factors than middle school football players. Second, all factors except training showed high responses in analysis of stress difference by grade and there were statistically significant influences in such factors as competition, exercise, non-sports obstacles and training. Middle school football players showed no significant difference in stress by grade, but showed higher difference in training factors by higher grade and it was because they were stressed by the problem of entering high school. High school football players were also influenced by stress in higher grades compared to lower grades. Third, there was statistically significant difference in training factor of stressors by career and players having career between over 3 years and below 5 years showed higher stress. Such factors as competition, non-sports obstacles and competition anxiety were highest in career between over 3 years and below 5 years and middle and high school students having higher career needed praise and encouragement including expectation. Fourth, there was statistically significant difference in non-sports obstacles of stressors by award and players who achieved semi-final results showed higher stress and it was found that middle and high school football players who had better skills and achieved good team results had higher stress. Fifth, players having family income below 2,000,000 won showed higher stress in all factors except decision-making. It meant that family income had np direct influence on competition, but players in fmily with higher income had even less stress than those with lower income. Sixth, FW and MF players showed higher stress in difference of stressors by position and GK showed lower stress. It meant that FW and MF players had more burden and stress in competition and game than GK players having less burden and stress in loss and competition.

전방 또는 전측방 흉수 종양 수술에서 후측방도달법

조경석,박춘근,성재훈,허필우,박춘근,백민우,김달수,강준기 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.5

지역사회 기혼 여성의 우울 증상에 영향을 미치는 변인 : 가족내 관계 만족 변인 및 갈등대처 방식을 중심으로

이경미,최윤경,강이헌,이민수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.2

연구목적 본 연구는 지역사회 기혼 여성의 우울 증상을 사회적이고 대인관계적 측면에서 이해하고자 하는 맥락에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 00시에 거주하는 기혼여성 632명을 대상으로 하여 Beck 우울증 척도, 결혼 전반적 불만족 척도, 자녀불만족 척도, 갈등 대처 방안 척도 등을 실시하였다. 통계방법으로는 기술통계분석, 상관, χ²검증, 일원변량분석, 단계적 중다회귀분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 결과 학력, 수입, 부모의 관계, 학대경험, 시부모 관계만족, 결혼불만족, 자녀불만족, 이성적 대처, 감정 · 행동표출, 회피 행동에서 우울수준에 따른 집단간 차이가 유의미하였다. 또한 이들 변인 중 결혼불만족이 현재 우울증상에 대한 설명력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 자녀불만족, 회피 행동, 시부모 관계만족 순이었다(총설명변량=36.1%). 갈등대처방식 중 이성적 대처와 회피가 가족관계 만족변인과 우울을 잠정적이지만 유의미하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 지역사회 기혼 여성의 상당수가 우울 증상을 경험하고 있어 이에 대한 치료적 개입이 시급하며 특히 부부 관계를 포함한 가족 관계에 대한 탐색 및 접근이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 갈등대처방식이 유의미하게 관계 만족과 우울을 매개하므로, 우울증의 치료에 있어 효과적인 갈등 대처 방식 및 사회적 문제 해결 기술을 포함시킴으로써 치료 효과를 높일 수 있을 것으로 시사된다. Objectives : The purposes of this study were to investigate depressive symptoms among married women and to their Understand depression through social and interpersonal factors. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 632 married women who lived in 00 city. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Marital Global Distress Scale, Dissatisfaction with Children Scale, and Conflict-coping Method Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation, χ²-test, ANOVA, step-wise regression, and hierarchical regression were applied to analyze the data. Results : ANOVA analysis showed the differences in education, income, experience of abuse, parent-in-law relationship, marital global distress, dissatisfaction with children, rational coping, emotion/action-expression coping, and avoidant coping among the non-depressive group, mildly depressive group, and depressive group. Step-wise regression showed that the variance of the current depressive symptoms was accounted for by marital global distress, dissatisfaction with children, avoidance coping method, and satisfaction with parent-in-law (total account=36.1%). It was found that the rational coping method and avoidance coping method significantly mediated the relationship between the satisfaction with family relation and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Therapeutic interventions for the married women experiencing depressive symptoms showed include their marital relationship. Based on the finding that the conflict coping methods mediated the association between the depressive symptoms and the family relation satisfaction, the effective conflict coping skills or social problem solving skills should be included in the interventions for married women.