폐경기 여성에서 1년간 호르몬 대치 요법이 혈청 지질에 미치는 영향

이해혁,남계현,김승형,이임순,이권해,최승도 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common cause of death in postmenopausal women. After the onset of menopause, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased. Several risk factors of cardiovascular disease are well known to us. Among the risk factors, the changes of lipid profiles are roles for cardiovascular disease. Estrogen appears to protect the development of cardiovascular disease, by several mechanism. Especially the protective effect is believed to be mediated by the changes of lipid profiles. Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and increased low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol are important factors for development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the lipid profiles to include total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides. We measured lipid profiles in 31 postmenopausal women and gave each conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625mg, day 1-30) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 5mg, day 1-12) for 12months. The levels of serum TC, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were decreased significantly (p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was increased significantly (p<0.05) after 12months of hormone replacement therapy. These data suggest that hormone replacement therapy appears to protect agianst the development of cardiovascular disease by the changes of lipid profiles.

노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램이 노인의 신경인지기능과 우울 증상에 미치는 효과

유계준,송정은,오병훈,안석균,이홍식,오희철,구은형,황혜숙,이은철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

노인에게 있어서 신경인지기능의 저하와 우울 증상은 가장 흔한 장애이며 신체적, 정신적인 면에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한 이러한 장애중 비임상군에서 심리사회적 치료개입의 효과가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 지역사회에서 노인에게 제공되는 심리사회적 치료개입의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이전의 연구에서는 대상이 특정 집단이거나, 비교군이 없거나, 치료효과에 대한 추적 관찰이 이루어지지 않는 등의 제한점이 있었으며, 현재 국내의 노인 낮병원은 소수에 불과하고 이러한 낮병원의 치료효과에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 지역사회 정신보건센터에서 운영하는 노인 낮병원에 참가하는 노인들을 대상으로 낮병원의 심리사회적 프로그램이 노인들의 신경인지기능과 우울 증상에 미치는 효과와 이에 대한 유지 효과의 유무를 알아보고자 하였다. 경기도 광주군 정신보건센터의 노인 낮병원에 참여한 노인을 치료군으로, 치료를 거부하거나 치료 중 탈락한 노인을 비교군으로 하여 10주간의 낮병원 치료전후와 치료종결 후 10주에 신경인지기능은 한국형 간이 정신상태검사(이하 MMSE-K)로, 우울 증상은 단축형노인우울척도(이하 SGDS)로 평가하여 두 군을 비교하였고 치료군의 치료 직후와 치료종결 후 10주를 비교하였다. 연구결과 노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료가 시간에 따른 SGDS점수 변화에 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, MMSE-K점수 변화에는 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 10주 추시가 가능했던 치료군 중 약 43%가 10주 후 SGDS가 증가하여 호전되었던 우울증상의 악화를 보였다. 본 연구 결과 노인 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램 개입은 노인에게 있어서 우울 증상을 호전시키며 신경인지 기능에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 상당수에서 심리사회적 치료 개입으로 인한 우울 증상의 호전이 유지되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 노인우울증상의 치료에 낮병원의 심리사회적 치료 프로그램이 효과적일 수 있음과 치료 후 이를 유지하기 위한 부가적인 치료개입의 필요성을 시사한다. Cognitive impairment and depression are the most common symptoms affecting the elderly on physical and mental states. Studies have shown that these symptoms in mild cases are improved by psychosocial intervention, emphasizing the importance of therapeutic intervention provided in the community. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the psychosocial program at a geriatric day care service has any therapeutic effect on the cognitive function and depressive symptoms in the elderly and whether such effect can be maintained. The experimental group was composed of 37 elderly patients attending the day care service at the mental health center located in Kwangju county, Kyonggi province. The control group was composed of 22 elderly patients who either refused intervention or who dropped out of the program. Cognitive function was assessed with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam(MMSE-K), and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS). The experimental group and the control group were compared on the score of on each test, which was administered before and after the program and 10 weeks after discontinuation of program. In the experimental group, the scores acquired immediately after the program and at 10 weeks of follow-up were also compared. The results showed that psychosocial intervention at a geriatric day care service was significantly associated with the change in SGDS scores dependent on time but not significantly associated with the change in MMSE-K scores. In the experimental group whose follow-up assessment was possible, it was further shown that 43% of patients had increased SGDS scores 10 weeks after the program ended, indicating that depressive symptoms had worsened. This study suggests that psychosocial therapeutic intervention in the geriatric day care service improve depressive symptoms but not cognitive functions in the elderly. In addition, for a considerable percentage of subjects in the experimental group, the improvements in depressive symptoms were not sustained after the intervention was withdrawn. These findings proposes a need of strengthening therapeutic intervention to maintain such effect.

Real Time Directed M-mode Echocardiography를 이용한 아두대횡경 및 대퇴골 길이와 임신주수에 따른 한국 정상태아 심장의 평균계측치

이중구 ( Jung Koo Lee ),정한국 ( Han Kook Jeong ),김도형 ( Do Hyung Kim ),이정재 ( Jeong Jae Lee ),남계현 ( Kae Hyeon Nam ),이권해 ( Kwon Hae Lee ) 대한주산의학회 1994 大韓周産醫學會雜誌 Vol.5 No.2

Clozapine에 의한 무과립구증

이홍식,김지현,이희상,도정호,김찬형,유계준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1

The authors reported one case of agranulocytosis that occurred in the clozapine treatment in a 34-year-old male patient with chronic schizophrenia. Agranulocytosis, a WBC count of 2700 with 4% neutrophils, developed on Day 25 of clozapine treatment, when clozapine was stopped. On day 26, he became febrile with temperature of 38℃ and he was treated with antibiotics, Claforan for 4 days, and received carefully daily blood monitering and observation. Six days after stopping the administration of clozapine, his WBC exhibited the normal range with increasing numbers of neutrophils(WBC, 6000/mm³; neutrophils, 43%) and he began to improve clinically. Also, we described the recent review of incidence, the natural history and implicated possible mechanisms for clozapine-induced agranulocytosis.

Multilevel Dual-Channel NAND Flash Memories with High Read and Program Verifying Speeds Utilizing Asymmetrically-Doped Channel Regions

LEE, Joung Woo,YOU, Joo Hyung,JANG, Sang Hyun,KWACK, Kae Dal,KIM, Tae Whan The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2010 IEICE transactions on electronics Vol.93 No.5

<P>The multilevel dual-channel (MLDC) not-AND (NAND) flash memories cell structures with asymmetrically-doped channel regions between the source and the drain were proposed to enhance read and program verifying speeds. The channel structure of the MLDC flash memories consisted of two different doping channel regions. The technical computer aided design simulation results showed that the designed MLDC NAND flash cell with asymmetrically-doped channel regions provided the high-speed multilevel reading with a wider current sensing margin and the high-speed program verifying due to the sensing of the discrete current levels. The proposed unique MLDC NAND flash memory device can be used to increase read and program verifying speed.</P>

The Complete Genome Sequence of Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 Reveals a Mixed Heterotrophic and Carboxydotrophic Metabolism

Lee, Hyun Sook,Kang, Sung Gyun,Bae, Seung Seob,Lim, Jae Kyu,Cho, Yona,Kim, Yun Jae,Jeon, Jeong Ho,Cha, Sun-Shin,Kwon, Kae Kyoung,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Park, Cheol-Joo,Lee, Hee-Wook,Kim, Seung Il,Chun, Jongsi American Society for Microbiology 2008 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.190 No.22

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Members of the genus <I>Thermococcus</I>, sulfur-reducing hyperthermophilic archaea, are ubiquitously present in various deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems and are considered to play a significant role in the microbial consortia. We present the complete genome sequence and feature analysis of <I>Thermococcus onnurineus</I> NA1 isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent area, which reveal clues to its physiology. Based on results of genomic analysis, <I>T. onnurineus</I> NA1 possesses the metabolic pathways for organotrophic growth on peptides, amino acids, or sugars. More interesting was the discovery that the genome encoded unique proteins that are involved in carboxydotrophy to generate energy by oxidation of CO to CO2, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for growth with CO as a substrate. This lithotrophic feature in combination with carbon fixation via RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) introduces a new strategy with a complementing energy supply for <I>T. onnurineus</I> NA1 potentially allowing it to cope with nutrient stress in the surrounding of hydrothermal vents, providing the first genomic evidence for the carboxydotrophy in <I>Thermococcus</I>.</P>

정상인에서 Clozapine 및 Haloperidol 투여에 따른 혈청 Prolactin 및 Cortisol 농도의 변화

유계준,김찬형,이홍식,최낙경 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.6

Objects : The previous neuroendocrine studies of clozapine have found that it did not elevate prolactin level and inhibit cortisol release both in rats and in patients with schizophrenia. But neuroendocine studies in normal subjects are only a few. Therefore the author examined the prolactin and cortisol levels after the administration of either placebo, haloperdol or clozapine in ten healthy male volunteers. Methods : The prolactin and cortisol responses were examined for 4 hours after clozapine (50mg), haloperidol(3mg) or placebo administration. Subjects received each drug in a single blind random order at interval of at least 1 week. Results : The results showed that haloperidol significantly elevated serum prolactin level but clozapine did not. And both haloperidol and clozapine did not alter serum cortisol level. Conclusion : The major possibility of these effects could be related to clozapine's property to increase dopamine(DA) release, as well as to have a weak dopamine D₂receptor blocking , and related to its ability to block serotonin 2(5-HT₂) receptors as well as to increase 5-HT release.

난치성 정신분열증환자의 Clozapine 장기치료효과

유계준,송동호,김찬형,김도훈,이희상,이홍식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.3

Objects:The long-term efficacy of clozapine treatment was examined in an open prospective study, in order to ascertain whether the short-term therapeutic gains of clozapine would persist during long-term maintenance therapy and whether it is safe and well tolerated. Methods:We investigated clozapine's efficacy and its side effects in 21 patients with refractory chronic schizophrenia, who had previously been treated with different kinds of classical antipsychotic drugs but with insufficient clinical effect or distressing extrapyramidal side effects, over a one-year period. None of the patients received concomitant medications such as hypnotics nor anticholinergics during the study period. Results:Psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed every 4 weeks until the end of the 24 weeks using the PANSS,CGI and Simpson-Angus Scale. All rating scores demonstrated a significant improvement from the 4th week through the 48th week of the study period compared with the baseline. A clinically significant improvement in both PANSS total and negative scale scores was to start at the 10th month and continue through the 12th month of the study period, compared with the 3rd month period, the standard short-term evaluation period. 16(76.3%) of the 21 patients responded within 9 months with a 20% or more decrease in the total PANSS. Using a 50% or higher decrease in the total PANSS, we found 5 responders, within up to 12 months of treatment. Of these, one responded at 3 months, another one at 9 months, and another three at 12 months. The tolerability of clozapine was generally found to be good. Hypersalivation(81%),drowsiness(81%) and constipation(57%) were the most common side effects; all of these side effects showed a significant decrease on 9-12 months of clozapine administration compared with the first three months of drug administration. Conclusion:These results suggest that clozapine may be a useful antipsychotic drug for the long-term treatment of chronic schizophrenics, despite the need for regular blood monitoring. A trial of clozapine should last 10 months or longer if one wishes to identify the possible responders.

만성알콜의존이 촉각-공간적 수행도와 기억력에 미치는 신경심리학적 영향

유계준,이성훈,김찬형,황원준,이종섭 大韓神經精神醫學會 1993 신경정신의학 Vol.32 No.1

To examine the hypothesis that the functioning of the right hemisphere is impaired as a result of prolonged alcohol abuse, male middle-aged alcoholic patients and nonalcoholic controls were tested on the standard Tactual Performance Test(TPT) from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. On the standard TPT, alcoholic patients were impaired on timed performance, memory for TPT figures and for location compairing to the results. On analysis of the pattern of timed performance, we found the presence of an alcohol-related deficits for the left hand and right hand in alcoholic patients. Although the results show no definite difference between impairment of right and left hemispheres, improvement level of controls from the first(right hand) to the second trial(left hand)compaired to the timed performance of alcoholic`s same two trials is relatively increased with staistical significance. On compairing the improvement level of the timed performance between the first trial(right hand) and the 3rd trial(both hand) on which alcoholic influences are less affected, we did not find the definite difference with statistical significance, which results suggest the hypothesis that chronic alcoholism leads to a impairment in normal functioning of the right cerebral hemisphere. And number of cases with timed performance of second trial(left hand) longer than first timed performance(right hand)(Right-Left timed reverse) are more in the alcoholics than controls, which findings are also statistically significant. Although memory impairments in alcoholics were reported in the many cases, memory impairments for location indicating spatial function of the brain as well as memory impairments for wooden figures suggest the disruption of right hemisphere more definitely. These results support the hypothesis that chronic alcoholism leads to a disruption in the normal functioning of the right cerebral hemisphere.

Minke whale genome and aquatic adaptation in cetaceans

Yim, Hyung-Soon,Cho, Yun Sung,Guang, Xuanmin,Kang, Sung Gyun,Jeong, Jae-Yeon,Cha, Sun-Shin,Oh, Hyun-Myung,Lee, Jae-Hak,Yang, Eun Chan,Kwon, Kae Kyoung,Kim, Yun Jae,Kim, Tae Wan,Kim, Wonduck,Jeon, Jeon Nature Pub. Co 2014 Nature genetics Vol.46 No.1

The shift from terrestrial to aquatic life by whales was a substantial evolutionary event. Here we report the whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly of the minke whale genome, as well as the whole-genome sequences of three minke whales, a fin whale, a bottlenose dolphin and a finless porpoise. Our comparative genomic analysis identified an expansion in the whale lineage of gene families associated with stress-responsive proteins and anaerobic metabolism, whereas gene families related to body hair and sensory receptors were contracted. Our analysis also identified whale-specific mutations in genes encoding antioxidants and enzymes controlling blood pressure and salt concentration. Overall the whale-genome sequences exhibited distinct features that are associated with the physiological and morphological changes needed for life in an aquatic environment, marked by resistance to physiological stresses caused by a lack of oxygen, increased amounts of reactive oxygen species and high salt levels.