기능적 자기공명영상을 이용한 운동과 감각자극에 의한 부운동영역과 일차감각운동중추사이의 연쇄적인 뇌활성화의 분석

정경호 ( Gyung Ho Chung ),이영환 ( Young Hwan Lee ),정수현 ( Su Hyun Jeong ),김영곤 ( Young Kon Kim ),강신화 ( Shin Hwa Kang ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2002 全北醫大論文集 Vol.26 No.1

fMRI를 이용하여 운동자극과 감각자극시 일차운동감각중추와 SMA의 시간차에 의한 연속적인 활성화가 되는 지를 알 수 있도록 우측 손에 운동자극과 감각자극을 각각 시행하여 시간에 따른 변화를 알아보았다. 기능적영상은 에코평면영상기법을 이용하여 휴식상태에서 10개의 영상을 얻고 난 후 운동과 감각자극을 주면서 다시 똑같은 수준에서 각각 10개의 영상을 얻었고 휴식기와 자극기 검사를 2번 반복하였다. 영상에서 보인 활성화 영역들이 시간-신호 강도 곡선과 동일하게 주기적 변화를 보이는 것을 확인한 후 일차감각운동중추와 SMA에 관심영역을 정하고 활성화된 화소들이 신경자극 후 최고 신호로 도달할 때까지의 변위 걸리는 시간을 측정하였다. 활성화가 나타난 일차 감각운동중추와 SMA은 활성화 신호강도가 휴식기-활성기에 따라서 주기적인 변화를 보였다. 운동자극시 일차운동중추에 최고 신호가 도달할 때까지 걸리는 시간은 2.962 +/- 0.229초였으며 SMA는 2.531+/- 0.277초로 SMA가 일차운동중추보다 0.431초 먼저 최고 신호에 도달 하였다. 감각자극시 일차감각중추에 최고 신호가 도달할 때까지 걸리는 시간은 2.833 +/- 0.370초였으며 SMA는 2.410+/- 0.313초였다. 결론적으로 SMA가 운동자극뿐만 아니라, 감각자극시에도 관여함을 알 수 있었고 기능적으로 연관된 뇌영역사이에 혈역학적인 차이가 보이는 연쇄적인 뇌활성화를 측정할 수 있었다. 따라서 fMRI의 실용화와 임상적용은 미래의 뇌기능의 평가에 아주 유용한 방법이 될 것이다. 따라서 fMRI는 앞으로 복잡한 뇌기능을 이해하는데 공헌하리라 예측한다. PURPOSE: To detect the sequence of hemodynamic activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary sensorimotor cortex by analyzing the time course of the FMRI signal in both regions during complex motor and hot sensory tasks. METHOD and MATERIALS: Eight healthy right-handed subjects were imaged on a Siemens 1.5T scanner. The activation tasks consisted of right finger complex movement and hot sensory on the right hand. fMRI data were averaged across of the complex motor and hot sensory tasks and analyzed with respect to the onset time of signal increase. The cross correlation with the averaged signal time course was performed to determine the maximum of the cross correlation function of each voxel. The time delays for the supplementary motor area and the primary sensorimotor cortex were determined individually as the time where the maximal correlation coefficient for the respective regions of interest was reached. RESULTS: In all eight cases a sequential order of fMRI signal increase in the supplementary motor area preceding the primary sensorimotor cortex was found. The mean time shifts between hemodynamic responses of these areas in the complex motor task was 0.431 sec. The mean time shifts between hemodynamic responses of these areas in the hot sensory task was 0.423 sec. For the complex motor task, the mean time delay of hemodynamic activation within the SMA amounted to 2.531 +/- 0.227 sec, and within the primary sensorimotor cortex a delay of 2.962 +/- 0.229 sec was evaluated. In the hot sensory task, the mean time delay of hemodynamic activation within the SMA amounted to 2.410 +/- 0.313 sec, and within the primary sensorimotor cortex a delay of 2.833 +/- 0.370 sec was evaluated. The sequential order of the SMA activation preceding the primary sensorimotor cortex was statistically significant in the complex motor and hot sensory tasks. CONCLUSION: The sequential hemodynamic activation of the SMA and the primary sensorimotor cortex can be detected during complex motor and hot sensory tasks.

Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945

Chung, Gyung Tae,Yoo, Jeong Sik,Oh, Hee Bok,Lee, Yeong Seon,Cha, Sun Ho,Kim, Sang Jun,Yoo, Cheon Kwon American Society for Microbiology 2008 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.190 No.17

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P><I>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</I> is an obligate human pathogen that is the etiological agent of gonorrhea. We explored variations in the genes of a multidrug-resistant <I>N. gonorrhoeae</I> isolate from a Korean patient in an effort to understand the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and importance of horizontal gene transfer within this important, naturally competent organism. Here, we report the complete annotated genome sequence of <I>N. gonorrhoeae</I> strain NCCP11945.</P>

저나트륨혈증을 급속교정후 발생한 Central Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis 3예

정항재,신현길,이광호,조용욱,배원경,김대호 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.6

저자들은 심한 저나트륨혈증을 급속히 교정하고 난 후 강직성 사지마비와 구음장애, 연하곤란 등의 가성구마비 징후를 보이고, MRI상 뇌교 및 다른 여러부위에 광범위하게 고음영병변을 보인 3명의 Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis 환자들을 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis(CPM) is clinically charaterized by quadriplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, and consciousness change, usually following rapid correction of hyponatremia, but the exact mechanism of the pathophysiology remains obscure. Pathologic study reveals well-circumscribed areas of myelin loss sparing neurons and axons in pons and extrapontine region. Vascular changes and inflammation are absent. In the past, the diagnosis of CPM has generally been made on the basis of autopsy findings, but at the present, magnetic resonance imaging has made it possible to make the diagnosis before autopsy for the detection of pontine and extrapontine lesions. We report three cases of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis associated with typical clinical symptoms following rapid correction of hyponatremia. MRI showed high-signal areas in basis pontis, bilateral thalamus, caudate nucleus, and putamen.

저세포성 골수를 보인 환자에서 저용량 Ara-C 치료 후 급성골수성백혈병으로 진단된 1예

정승혜,박성훈,정성창,진명인,박민식,류헌모,김상경,조창호,이재련 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.1

저세포성 급성골수성백혈병은 골수 검사 결과 세포충실도가 5~40%이면서 백혈구 아세포가 30% 이상이 되는 경우를 말하며 급성백혈병 중 5~10%를 차지한다. 저세포성 급성골수성백혈병에서 low-dose Ara-C는 골수양 분화를 항진시킴으로 치료 효과를 가진다고 알려져 있다. 저자들은 저세포성 급성골수성백혈병 또는 저세포성 골수이형성증후군이 의심되어 low-dose Ara-C를 투여한 후 세포충실도의 증가를 보이며, 후에 급성골수성백혈병으로 진행하는 증례를 경험하였다. 본 증례에서는 low-dose Ara-C 투여 후 골수의 세포충실도의 증가를 확인할 수 있어 low-dose Ara-C의 분화 유도 효과를 뒷받침해 준다고 볼 수 있다. 환자는 idarubicin과 Ara-C 병용 요법으로 관해유도요법을 시행한 후 완전관해에 도달하여 공고요법 중이다. Hypocellular AML occurs in 5 to 10% of patients with AML, and has been described as a subset of AML with a cellularity between 5 and 40% when the blast % exceeds 30% of all the nucleated bone marrow (BM) cells. Low-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in patients with hypocellular AML is known to be an effective regimen with some clinical benefits through the action of myeloid differentiation. We experienced a 56- year-old female with pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and a hypocellular marrow. She was diagnosed of having either hypocellular AML or hypocellular MDS and chemotherapy with low- dose Ara-C was started. Her BM cellularity increased to 10%. Two months later she was admitted again with thrombocytopenia with a BM cellularity of 75% and was diagnosed of AML (FAB M2). The increase in BM cellularity supported the myeloid differentiation effect of low-dose Ara-C. She achieved complete remission after receiving a combination regimen of idarubicin and Ara-C and is presently undergoing postremission therapy.

기능적 자기공명영상을 이용한 뇌활성화 연구

정경호 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.1

Functional MRI (fMRI) provides an indirect mapping of cerebral activity, based on the detection of the local blood flow and oxygenation changes following neuronal activity (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent). fMRI allows us to study noninvasively the normal and pathological aspects of functional cortical organization. Each fMRI study compares two different states of activity. Echo-Planar Imaging is the technique that makes it possible to study the whole brain at a rapid pace. Activation maps are calculated from a statistical analysis of the local signal changes. fMRI is now becoming an essential tool in the neurofunctional evaluation of normal volunteers and many neurological patients as well as the reference method to image normal or pathologic functional brain organization. (Korean J Nucl Med 2002;36:63-72)

The analysis of short term success rate and healing patterns of implantium(R) implant

( Gyung Joon Chae ),( Sung Min Chung ),( Ui Won Jung ),( Kyoo Sung Cho ),( Jung Kyu Chai ),( Chong Kwan Kim ),( Seong Ho Choi ),( Chang Sung Kim ) 대한치주과학회 2006 대한치주과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2006 No.2

만성 두부외상 환자에서 뇌 SPECT 임상적 유용성 및 CT와의 비교

정경호,김수현,손명희,이상용,한영민,김종수,최기철 의과학연구소 1997 全北醫大論文集 Vol.21 No.2

PURPOSE : To compare brain SPECT with CT and evaluate clinical utility of brain SPECT in symptomatic chronic head trauma patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD : Clinically, CT and SPECT findings of 61 Patients with chronic organic mental disorder for 6 months or more after head trauma were retrospecively reviewed. We analyzed focal low density, atrophy, ventricular dilatation in CT and perfusion defect area in SPECT, and compared clinical findings, CT and SPECT result each other. RESULT : Twenty-one patients(35%) showed abnormality in CT and 51 patients(84%) in SPECT. In patients with abnormal CT findings, the most frequent lesion was focal low density in the frontal lobe and the most prevalent clinical symptom was personality change. On the other hand, in patients with normal CT indings 36 patients showed abnormal SPECT, among which the most frequent lesion was perfusion defect in the temporal lobe and the most prevalent clinical symptom was amnesia and attention disorder. Three patients showed abnormal CT, but normal SPECT. CONCLUSION : SPECT is a more sensitive method than CT in evaluating chronic symptomatic head trauma patients, and therefore, can be useful particularly in patients with normal CT finding.

The effects of Hydroxyapatite nano-coating implants on healing of surgically created circumferential gap in dogs

Chae, Gyung-Joon,Lim, Hyun-Chang,Choi, Jung-Yoo,Chung, Sung-Min,Lee, In-Seop,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho Korean Academy of Periodontology 2008 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.38 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the healing response of various Hydroxyapatite(HA) coated dental implants by Ion-Beam Assisted Deposition(IBAD) placed in the surgically created circumferential gap in dogs. Materials and methods: In four mongrel dogs, all mandibular premolars and the first molar were extracted. After an 8 weeks healing period, six submerged type implants were placed and the circumferential cylindrical 2mm coronal defects around the implants were made surgically with customized step drills. Groups were divided into six groups : anodized surface, anodized surface with 150nm HA and heat treatment, anodized surface with 300nm HA and heat treatment, anodized surface with 150nm HA and no heat treatment, and anodized surface with 150nm HA, heat treatment and bone graft, anodized surface with bone graft. The dogs were sacrificed following 12 weeks healing period. Specimens were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically. Results: During the healing period, healing was uneventful and implants were well maintained. Anodized surface with HA coating and $430^{\circ}C$ heat treatment showed an improved regenerative characteristics. Most of the gaps were filled with newly regenerated bone. The implant surface was covered with bone layer as base for intensive bone formation and remodeling. In case that graft the alloplastic material to the gaps, most of the coronal gaps were filled with newly formed bone and remaining graft particles. The bone-implant contact and bone density parameters showed similar results with the histological findings. The bone graft group presented the best bone-implant contact value which had statistical significance. Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, nano-scale HA coated dental implants appeared to have significant effect on the development of new bone formation. And additional bone graft is an effective method in overcoming the gaps around the implants.

Late diagnosis of influenza in adult patients during a seasonal outbreak

( Seong-ho Choi ),( Jin-won Chung ),( Tark Kim ),( Ki-ho Park ),( Mi Suk Lee ),( Yee Gyung Kwak ) 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.2

Background/Aims: Due to advances in diagnostic techniques, clinicians are more frequently performing influenza diagnostic tests and referring to their test results ahead of the administration of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). To investigate the clinical significance of the time from symptom onset to laboratory diagnosis, we reviewed the clinical characteristics of adult patients with influenza who had an early laboratory diagnosis (ED) or a late laboratory diagnosis (LD) at one of four tertiary care centers during a seasonal outbreak of influenza. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 1,405 adults during the 2013 to 2014 influenza season. A patient was regarded as receiving an ED or LD if he/she received an influenza diagnostic test at 0 to 1 or 4 to 7 days after symptom onset, respectively. Early NAI therapy and late NAI therapy were defined as the administration of NAI ≤ 2 or > 2 days after symptom onset, respectively. Results: Nearly half of the patients (47.0%) received an ED (n = 661), whereas 13.5% (n = 190) received a LD. Patients with a LD had initial symptoms of cough, sputum production, and dyspnea and experienced pneumonia, antibiotic therapy, hospitalization, and admission to the intensive care unit more often than those with an ED. NAI therapy and early NAI therapy were less frequent in patients with a LD than those with an ED. Of the analyzed baseline characteristics, age ≥ 50 years, influenza B infection, and diagnosis using a polymerase chain reaction test were significantly associated with a LD. Conclusions: LD was associated with inappropriate antiviral therapy and complicated presenting features in adult patients with seasonal influenza. ED of influenza should be emphasized, especially for older adults.

Prediction of Insect Pest Species Concerned in View of Managing of Pesticide Residue

Mi-Gyung Lee,Janice M. Baysa,Junyeong Kim,Yeon Jae Bae,Ki jong Cho,Myung Sub Chung,Ki Hwan Park,Hyang Sook Chun,Hwa-Jeong Lee,Kyu-Hun Kim,Jae Ho Oh 한국농약과학회 2012 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.11